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Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
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Securely Generating Random Numbers | ||
================================== | ||
Securely Generating Random Values | ||
================================= | ||
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The Symfony Security component comes with a collection of nice utilities | ||
related to security. These utilities are used by Symfony, but you should | ||
also use them if you want to solve the problem they address. | ||
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Generating a Secure random Number | ||
Generating a Secure random String | ||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | ||
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Whenever you need to generate a secure random number, you are highly | ||
encouraged to use the Symfony | ||
:class:`Symfony\\Component\\Security\\Core\\Util\\SecureRandom` class:: | ||
Whenever you need to generate a secure random string, you are highly | ||
encouraged to use the :phpfunction:`random_bytes` function:: | ||
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use Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Util\SecureRandom; | ||
$random = random_bytes(10); | ||
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$generator = new SecureRandom(); | ||
$random = $generator->nextBytes(10); | ||
The function returns a random string, suitable for cryptographic use, of | ||
the number bytes passed as an argument (10 in the above example). | ||
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The | ||
:method:`Symfony\\Component\\Security\\Core\\Util\\SecureRandom::nextBytes` | ||
method returns a random string composed of the number of characters passed as | ||
an argument (10 in the above example). | ||
.. tip:: | ||
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The SecureRandom class works better when OpenSSL is installed. But when it's | ||
not available, it falls back to an internal algorithm, which needs a seed file | ||
to work correctly. Just pass a file name to enable it:: | ||
The ``random_bytes()`` function returns a binary string which may contain | ||
the ``\0`` character. This can cause trouble in several common scenarios, | ||
such as storing this value in a database or including it as part of the | ||
URL. The solution is to encode or hash the value returned by | ||
``random_bytes()`` (to do that, you can use a simple ``base64_encode()`` | ||
PHP function). | ||
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use Symfony\Component\Security\Core\Util\SecureRandom; | ||
Generating a Secure Random Number | ||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | ||
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$generator = new SecureRandom('/some/path/to/store/the/seed.txt'); | ||
If you need to generate a cryptographically secure random integer, you should | ||
use the :phpfunction:`random_int` function:: | ||
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$random = $generator->nextBytes(10); | ||
$hashedRandom = md5($random); // see tip below | ||
$random = random_int(1, 10); | ||
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.. note:: | ||
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If you're using the Symfony Framework, you can get a secure random number | ||
generator via the ``security.secure_random`` service. | ||
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.. tip:: | ||
PHP 7 and up provide the ``random_bytes()`` and ``random_int()`` functions | ||
natively, for older versions of PHP a polyfill is provided by the | ||
`Symfony Polyfill Component`_ and the `paragonie/random_compat package`_. | ||
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The ``nextBytes()`` method returns a binary string which may contain the | ||
``\0`` character. This can cause trouble in several common scenarios, such | ||
as storing this value in a database or including it as part of the URL. The | ||
solution is to hash the value returned by ``nextBytes()`` (to do that, you | ||
can use a simple ``md5()`` PHP function). | ||
.. _`Symfony Polyfill Component`: https://github.com/symfony/polyfill | ||
.. _`paragonie/random_compat package`: https://github.com/paragonie/random_compat |
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