refactor: add dialect enum (apache#18043)

## Which issue does this PR close?

- Closes apache#18042 

## Rationale for this change

This PR introduces a new dialect enum to improve type safety and code
maintainability when handling different SQL dialects in DataFusion

1. Provide compile-time guarantees for dialect handling
2. Improve code readability and self-documentation
3. Enable better IDE support and autocomplete

## What changes are included in this PR?

- Added a new `Dialect` enum to represent supported SQL dialects
- Refactored existing code to use the new enum instead of previous
representations
- Modified tests to work with the new enum-based approach

## Are these changes tested?

Yes

## Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes, this is an API change: the type of the `dialect` field changed from
`String` to `Dialect`

Author: dariocurr

Cargo.lock

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ async-trait = { workspace = true }
 aws-config = "1.8.7"
 aws-credential-types = "1.2.7"
 chrono = { workspace = true }
-clap = { version = "4.5.47", features = ["derive", "cargo"] }
+clap = { version = "4.5.47", features = ["cargo", "derive"] }
 datafusion = { workspace = true, features = [
     "avro",
     "compression",
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ datafusion = { workspace = true, features = [
     "sql",
     "unicode_expressions",
 ] }
+datafusion-common = { workspace = true }
 dirs = "6.0.0"
 env_logger = { workspace = true }
 futures = { workspace = true }
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ parking_lot = { workspace = true }
 parquet = { workspace = true, default-features = false }
 regex = { workspace = true }
 rustyline = "17.0"
-tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["macros", "rt", "rt-multi-thread", "sync", "parking_lot", "signal"] }
+tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["macros", "parking_lot", "rt", "rt-multi-thread", "signal", "sync"] }
 url = { workspace = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]

datafusion-cli/Cargo.toml

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ use crate::highlighter::{NoSyntaxHighlighter, SyntaxHighlighter};
 
 use datafusion::sql::parser::{DFParser, Statement};
 use datafusion::sql::sqlparser::dialect::dialect_from_str;
+use datafusion_common::config::Dialect;
 
 use rustyline::completion::{Completer, FilenameCompleter, Pair};
 use rustyline::error::ReadlineError;
@@ -34,33 +35,33 @@ use rustyline::{Context, Helper, Result};
 
 pub struct CliHelper {
     completer: FilenameCompleter,
-    dialect: String,
+    dialect: Dialect,
     highlighter: Box<dyn Highlighter>,
 }
 
 impl CliHelper {
-    pub fn new(dialect: &str, color: bool) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(dialect: &Dialect, color: bool) -> Self {
         let highlighter: Box<dyn Highlighter> = if !color {
             Box::new(NoSyntaxHighlighter {})
         } else {
             Box::new(SyntaxHighlighter::new(dialect))
         };
         Self {
             completer: FilenameCompleter::new(),
-            dialect: dialect.into(),
+            dialect: *dialect,
             highlighter,
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn set_dialect(&mut self, dialect: &str) {
-        if dialect != self.dialect {
-            self.dialect = dialect.to_string();
+    pub fn set_dialect(&mut self, dialect: &Dialect) {
+        if *dialect != self.dialect {
+            self.dialect = *dialect;
         }
     }
 
     fn validate_input(&self, input: &str) -> Result<ValidationResult> {
         if let Some(sql) = input.strip_suffix(';') {
-            let dialect = match dialect_from_str(&self.dialect) {
+            let dialect = match dialect_from_str(self.dialect) {
                 Some(dialect) => dialect,
                 None => {
                     return Ok(ValidationResult::Invalid(Some(format!(
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ impl CliHelper {
 
 impl Default for CliHelper {
     fn default() -> Self {
-        Self::new("generic", false)
+        Self::new(&Dialect::Generic, false)
     }
 }
 
@@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ mod tests {
         );
 
         // valid in postgresql dialect
-        validator.set_dialect("postgresql");
+        validator.set_dialect(&Dialect::PostgreSQL);
         let result =
             readline_direct(Cursor::new(r"select 1 # 2;".as_bytes()), &validator)?;
         assert!(matches!(result, ValidationResult::Valid(None)));

datafusion-cli/src/helper.rs

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ use datafusion::sql::sqlparser::{
     keywords::Keyword,
     tokenizer::{Token, Tokenizer},
 };
+use datafusion_common::config;
 use rustyline::highlight::{CmdKind, Highlighter};
 
 /// The syntax highlighter.
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ pub struct SyntaxHighlighter {
 }
 
 impl SyntaxHighlighter {
-    pub fn new(dialect: &str) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(dialect: &config::Dialect) -> Self {
         let dialect = dialect_from_str(dialect).unwrap_or(Box::new(GenericDialect {}));
         Self { dialect }
     }
@@ -93,13 +94,14 @@ impl Color {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use super::config::Dialect;
     use super::SyntaxHighlighter;
     use rustyline::highlight::Highlighter;
 
     #[test]
     fn highlighter_valid() {
         let s = "SElect col_a from tab_1;";
-        let highlighter = SyntaxHighlighter::new("generic");
+        let highlighter = SyntaxHighlighter::new(&Dialect::Generic);
         let out = highlighter.highlight(s, s.len());
         assert_eq!(
             "\u{1b}[91mSElect\u{1b}[0m col_a \u{1b}[91mfrom\u{1b}[0m tab_1;",
@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn highlighter_valid_with_new_line() {
         let s = "SElect col_a from tab_1\n WHERE col_b = 'なにか';";
-        let highlighter = SyntaxHighlighter::new("generic");
+        let highlighter = SyntaxHighlighter::new(&Dialect::Generic);
         let out = highlighter.highlight(s, s.len());
         assert_eq!(
             "\u{1b}[91mSElect\u{1b}[0m col_a \u{1b}[91mfrom\u{1b}[0m tab_1\n \u{1b}[91mWHERE\u{1b}[0m col_b = \u{1b}[92m'なにか'\u{1b}[0m;",
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn highlighter_invalid() {
         let s = "SElect col_a from tab_1 WHERE col_b = ';";
-        let highlighter = SyntaxHighlighter::new("generic");
+        let highlighter = SyntaxHighlighter::new(&Dialect::Generic);
         let out = highlighter.highlight(s, s.len());
         assert_eq!("SElect col_a from tab_1 WHERE col_b = ';", out);
     }

datafusion-cli/src/highlighter.rs

@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ async fn main() -> Result<()> {
     let state = ctx.state();
 
     // First, parse the SQL (but don't plan it / resolve any table references)
-    let dialect = state.config().options().sql_parser.dialect.as_str();
-    let statement = state.sql_to_statement(sql, dialect)?;
+    let dialect = state.config().options().sql_parser.dialect;
+    let statement = state.sql_to_statement(sql, &dialect)?;
 
     // Find all `TableReferences` in the parsed queries. These correspond to the
     // tables referred to by the query (in this case

datafusion-examples/examples/remote_catalog.rs

@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ config_namespace! {
 
         /// Configure the SQL dialect used by DataFusion's parser; supported values include: Generic,
         /// MySQL, PostgreSQL, Hive, SQLite, Snowflake, Redshift, MsSQL, ClickHouse, BigQuery, Ansi, DuckDB and Databricks.
-        pub dialect: String, default = "generic".to_string()
+        pub dialect: Dialect, default = Dialect::Generic
         // no need to lowercase because `sqlparser::dialect_from_str`] is case-insensitive
 
         /// If true, permit lengths for `VARCHAR` such as `VARCHAR(20)`, but
@@ -292,6 +292,94 @@ config_namespace! {
     }
 }
 
+/// This is the SQL dialect used by DataFusion's parser.
+/// This mirrors [sqlparser::dialect::Dialect](https://docs.rs/sqlparser/latest/sqlparser/dialect/trait.Dialect.html)
+/// trait in order to offer an easier API and avoid adding the `sqlparser` dependency
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Dialect {
+    #[default]
+    Generic,
+    MySQL,
+    PostgreSQL,
+    Hive,
+    SQLite,
+    Snowflake,
+    Redshift,
+    MsSQL,
+    ClickHouse,
+    BigQuery,
+    Ansi,
+    DuckDB,
+    Databricks,
+}
+
+impl AsRef<str> for Dialect {
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &str {
+        match self {
+            Self::Generic => "generic",
+            Self::MySQL => "mysql",
+            Self::PostgreSQL => "postgresql",
+            Self::Hive => "hive",
+            Self::SQLite => "sqlite",
+            Self::Snowflake => "snowflake",
+            Self::Redshift => "redshift",
+            Self::MsSQL => "mssql",
+            Self::ClickHouse => "clickhouse",
+            Self::BigQuery => "bigquery",
+            Self::Ansi => "ansi",
+            Self::DuckDB => "duckdb",
+            Self::Databricks => "databricks",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromStr for Dialect {
+    type Err = DataFusionError;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        let value = match s.to_ascii_lowercase().as_str() {
+            "generic" => Self::Generic,
+            "mysql" => Self::MySQL,
+            "postgresql" | "postgres" => Self::PostgreSQL,
+            "hive" => Self::Hive,
+            "sqlite" => Self::SQLite,
+            "snowflake" => Self::Snowflake,
+            "redshift" => Self::Redshift,
+            "mssql" => Self::MsSQL,
+            "clickhouse" => Self::ClickHouse,
+            "bigquery" => Self::BigQuery,
+            "ansi" => Self::Ansi,
+            "duckdb" => Self::DuckDB,
+            "databricks" => Self::Databricks,
+            other => {
+                let error_message = format!(
+                    "Invalid Dialect: {other}. Expected one of: Generic, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Hive, SQLite, Snowflake, Redshift, MsSQL, ClickHouse, BigQuery, Ansi, DuckDB, Databricks"
+                );
+                return Err(DataFusionError::Configuration(error_message));
+            }
+        };
+        Ok(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ConfigField for Dialect {
+    fn visit<V: Visit>(&self, v: &mut V, key: &str, description: &'static str) {
+        v.some(key, self, description)
+    }
+
+    fn set(&mut self, _: &str, value: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        *self = Self::from_str(value)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for Dialect {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        let str = self.as_ref();
+        write!(f, "{str}")
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum SpillCompression {
     Zstd,

datafusion/common/src/config.rs

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ use criterion::Bencher;
 use datafusion::datasource::MemTable;
 use datafusion::execution::context::SessionContext;
 use datafusion::prelude::DataFrame;
-use datafusion_common::ScalarValue;
+use datafusion_common::{config::Dialect, ScalarValue};
 use datafusion_expr::Expr::Literal;
 use datafusion_expr::{cast, col, lit, not, try_cast, when};
 use datafusion_functions::expr_fn::{
@@ -288,7 +288,10 @@ fn benchmark_with_param_values_many_columns(
     }
     // SELECT max(attr0), ..., max(attrN) FROM t1.
     let query = format!("SELECT {aggregates} FROM t1");
-    let statement = ctx.state().sql_to_statement(&query, "Generic").unwrap();
+    let statement = ctx
+        .state()
+        .sql_to_statement(&query, &Dialect::Generic)
+        .unwrap();
     let plan =
         rt.block_on(async { ctx.state().statement_to_plan(statement).await.unwrap() });
     b.iter(|| {

datafusion/core/benches/sql_planner.rs

@@ -30,15 +30,14 @@ use crate::datasource::provider_as_source;
 use crate::execution::context::{EmptySerializerRegistry, FunctionFactory, QueryPlanner};
 use crate::execution::SessionStateDefaults;
 use crate::physical_planner::{DefaultPhysicalPlanner, PhysicalPlanner};
+use arrow::datatypes::DataType;
 use datafusion_catalog::information_schema::{
     InformationSchemaProvider, INFORMATION_SCHEMA,
 };
-
-use arrow::datatypes::DataType;
 use datafusion_catalog::MemoryCatalogProviderList;
 use datafusion_catalog::{TableFunction, TableFunctionImpl};
 use datafusion_common::alias::AliasGenerator;
-use datafusion_common::config::{ConfigExtension, ConfigOptions, TableOptions};
+use datafusion_common::config::{ConfigExtension, ConfigOptions, Dialect, TableOptions};
 use datafusion_common::display::{PlanType, StringifiedPlan, ToStringifiedPlan};
 use datafusion_common::tree_node::TreeNode;
 use datafusion_common::{
@@ -384,7 +383,7 @@ impl SessionState {
     pub fn sql_to_statement(
         &self,
         sql: &str,
-        dialect: &str,
+        dialect: &Dialect,
     ) -> datafusion_common::Result<Statement> {
         let dialect = dialect_from_str(dialect).ok_or_else(|| {
             plan_datafusion_err!(
@@ -421,7 +420,7 @@ impl SessionState {
     pub fn sql_to_expr(
         &self,
         sql: &str,
-        dialect: &str,
+        dialect: &Dialect,
     ) -> datafusion_common::Result<SQLExpr> {
         self.sql_to_expr_with_alias(sql, dialect).map(|x| x.expr)
     }
@@ -433,7 +432,7 @@ impl SessionState {
     pub fn sql_to_expr_with_alias(
         &self,
         sql: &str,
-        dialect: &str,
+        dialect: &Dialect,
     ) -> datafusion_common::Result<SQLExprWithAlias> {
         let dialect = dialect_from_str(dialect).ok_or_else(|| {
             plan_datafusion_err!(
@@ -537,8 +536,8 @@ impl SessionState {
         &self,
         sql: &str,
     ) -> datafusion_common::Result<LogicalPlan> {
-        let dialect = self.config.options().sql_parser.dialect.as_str();
-        let statement = self.sql_to_statement(sql, dialect)?;
+        let dialect = self.config.options().sql_parser.dialect;
+        let statement = self.sql_to_statement(sql, &dialect)?;
         let plan = self.statement_to_plan(statement).await?;
         Ok(plan)
     }
@@ -552,9 +551,9 @@ impl SessionState {
         sql: &str,
         df_schema: &DFSchema,
     ) -> datafusion_common::Result<Expr> {
-        let dialect = self.config.options().sql_parser.dialect.as_str();
+        let dialect = self.config.options().sql_parser.dialect;
 
-        let sql_expr = self.sql_to_expr_with_alias(sql, dialect)?;
+        let sql_expr = self.sql_to_expr_with_alias(sql, &dialect)?;
 
         let provider = SessionContextProvider {
             state: self,
@@ -2082,6 +2081,7 @@ mod tests {
     use arrow::array::{ArrayRef, Int32Array, RecordBatch, StringArray};
     use arrow::datatypes::{DataType, Field, Schema};
     use datafusion_catalog::MemoryCatalogProviderList;
+    use datafusion_common::config::Dialect;
     use datafusion_common::DFSchema;
     use datafusion_common::Result;
     use datafusion_execution::config::SessionConfig;
@@ -2107,8 +2107,8 @@ mod tests {
             let sql = "[1,2,3]";
             let schema = Schema::new(vec![Field::new("a", DataType::Int32, true)]);
             let df_schema = DFSchema::try_from(schema)?;
-            let dialect = state.config.options().sql_parser.dialect.as_str();
-            let sql_expr = state.sql_to_expr(sql, dialect)?;
+            let dialect = state.config.options().sql_parser.dialect;
+            let sql_expr = state.sql_to_expr(sql, &dialect)?;
 
             let query = SqlToRel::new_with_options(&provider, state.get_parser_options());
             query.sql_to_expr(sql_expr, &df_schema, &mut PlannerContext::new())
@@ -2266,7 +2266,8 @@ mod tests {
             }
 
             let state = &context_provider.state;
-            let statement = state.sql_to_statement("select count(*) from t", "mysql")?;
+            let statement =
+                state.sql_to_statement("select count(*) from t", &Dialect::MySQL)?;
             let plan = SqlToRel::new(&context_provider).statement_to_plan(statement)?;
             state.create_physical_plan(&plan).await
         }