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<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<title>Open-source</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="revealjs/css/reveal.css">
<!-- <link rel="stylesheet" href="revealjs/css/theme/white.css"> -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="revealjs/css/theme/black.css">
<!-- Theme used for syntax highlighting of code -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="revealjs/lib/css/zenburn.css">
<!-- Printing and PDF exports -->
<script>
var link = document.createElement('link');
link.rel = 'stylesheet';
link.type = 'text/css';
link.href = window.location.search.match(/print-pdf/gi) ? 'revealjs/css/print/pdf.css' : 'revealjs/css/print/paper.css';
document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(link);
</script>
<style>
div.footer {
margin-top: 600px;
font-size: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<!-- title author -->
<section>
<h3>The democratization of knowledge, information, data, ...</h3>
<!-- <h4>open-source, open hardware, open data, open knowledge, open*</h4> -->
<p>Diego Sandoval</p>
<p>Kigali, 04.03.2019</p>
</section>
<!-- subtitle -->
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## open-source `{{name it}}`
</textarea>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown style="text-align:left">
<textarea data-template>
## What is Open-source / free software?
The terms `open-source` and `free software` refer to the freedom that users have to execute,
copy, study, modify, distribute, and improve a piece of software.
</textarea>
</section>
<section style="text-align:left">
<div>
The term <span class="fragment highlight-blue">open-source</span> is <span
class="fragment highlight-green">extremely</span> broad; it describes a plethora of
concepts,
including, but not limited to, technological, social, economic, legal, artistic, and
philosophical
aspects.
</div>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
* [Open-source software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software)
* [Open-source robotics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_robotics)
* [Open-source games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_open-source_video_games)
* [Open-source journalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_journalism)
* [Open politics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_politics)
* [Open-source governance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_governance)
* [Open-source beer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Beer)
* [Open-source colas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_cola)
* [...](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_model)
</textarea>
</section>
<!-- open-source knife image -->
<section data-background-image="images/OpenSwissKnife_wiki.png" data-background-size="1300px"
data-background-opacity="1">
<div style="margin-top: 630px;font-size:20px;color:white;">Source: Wikipedia</div>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
* The [information source](https://en.wikipedia.org/) I used to prepare this presentation
* The [web browser](https://github.com/mozilla) am using to display it
* The [framework](https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js/) I used to create these slides
* The [text editor](https://github.com/Microsoft/vscode) I used to type them
* [This presentation itself](https://github.com/twaclaw/rwanda2019--presentation1)
<span class="fragment fade-in">
<p class="fragment grow">are all open-source!!!</p>
</span>
</textarea>
</section>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
# Outline
1. History: knowledge is power
2. History: free software
3. The world runs on open-source
4. Programming as literacy
5. Example: LoRaWAN
</textarea>
</section>
<!-- Pre history -->
<section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
# Scientia potentia est
<!-- ### Knowledge is power -->
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## The discovery of ignorance
<br>
Modern science paradigm:
<br>
* *Ignoramus*: we do not know
* We have to obtain knowledge by gathering observations and using mathematical tools
* The acquisition of `new powers`: new technologies
<br>
<p style="font-size:10pt">Source: Harari, Sapiens</p>
</textarea>
</section>
<section>
<div style="clear:left;text-align:left">
<img src="images/new_instrument_wiki.jpg" width=40% style="margin: 0px 20px; float:left;">
<br>
The New Instrument. Francis Bacon, 1620
<br><br>
Knowledge is power
<br>
<p style="font-size:10pt">Source: Harari, sapiens </p>
<p style="font-size:10pt">Image Source: Wikipedia</p>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div style="clear:left;text-align:left">
<img src="images/leviathan_wiki.jpg" width=40% style="margin: 0px 20px; float:left;">
<br>
Leviathan. Thomas Hobbes, 1668
<br><br>
Knowledge is power
<br>
<p style="font-size:10pt">Source: Wikipedia</p>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<div>
<img src="images/sapiens_wiki.jpg" height="400" weight="300" style="border:0;background:none">
<img src="images/Homo_Deus_wiki.jpg" height="400" weight="300" style="border:0;background:none">
</div>
</section>
</section>
<!-- historical notes -->
<section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
# Historical notes
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## Free-Software
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## [Free Software Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software_movement)
Launched in 1983 by [Richard Stallman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman)
<img src="images/stallman_wiki.jpeg" height="300" weight="300" style="border:0;background:none">
<img src="images/gnu.png" height="300" weight="300" style="border:0;background:none">
<p style="font-size:10pt">Source: Wikipedia</p>
<p class="fragment fade-in">... also the author of emacs, GCC, and GNU/make</p>
</textarea>
</section>
<section>
<p>The freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose (freedom 0).</p>
</section>
<section>
<p>The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it does your computing as you wish
(freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.</p>
</section>
<section>
<p>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2).</p>
</section>
<section>
<p>The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this
you can give the whole community a chance to benefit from your changes. Access to the source
code is a precondition for this.</p>
</section>
<section>
<img src="images/software-libre.png" style="border:0;background:none">
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
## Open-source
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
> Think free as in free speech, not free beer
> --<cite>Richard Stallman</cite>
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
The open-source movement emerged as a reaction to the ambiguity of the term, and the political
and philosophical agenda of the free software movement. A group of critical voices sought
to refactor the discourse into a more pragmatical, business-friendly, and commercially-minded position
[[.]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_model#History)
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
* `free software`: freedom from restrictions imposed by proprietary schemes. Those restrictions are
an impediment for technological growth and are against social welfare
* `open source`: more emphasis on the technological and economical benefits
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown style="text-align:left">
<textarea data-template>
Today we can distinguish between three different, though tightly-related concepts:
* Free software
* Open-source software
* Free and open-source software
<br><br>
For the sake of this discussion I will use the terms interchangeably
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown style="text-align:left">
<textarea data-template>
More generally, we can talk about
* [Permissive licenses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permissive_software_licence)
* Non permissive licenses
<p style="font-size:10pt">Image source: Wikipedia</p>
</textarea>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section data-markdown data-background-color="#228b22">
<textarea data-template>
# The world runs on open source
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown style>
<textarea data-template>
### Collaborative model
Development parallel to the Internet
* Open collaboration
* Peer production
* Goods of economic value, open access to contribute and consume
* Interaction and exchange
* Purposeful yet loosely coordinated work
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
### Main characteristics
#### Do not reinvent the wheel
* Use
* Learn: educational purpose
* Contribute: modify, improve
* Share: redistribute
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown style="text-align:left">
<textarea data-template>
### Non only in the software world
In Fintech for instance, the following are considered important aspects
of regulatory technology (Regtech)
* Blockchain
* IoT
* Cognitive computing
* **Open source** and API economy
* Cloud
* Big data and semantic web
[[.]](https://courses.edx.org/courses/course-v1:HKUx+HKU_08x+1T2030/course/)
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
### Advantages
<br>
* Security
* Affordability
* Transparency
* Perpetuity
* Interoperability
* Flexibility
* Localization
<br>
<p style="font-size:10pt">Source: Wikipedia</p>
</textarea>
</section>
<section>
<div>
<img src="images/tux_wiki.png" height="180" weight="180" style="border:0;background:none">
<img src="images/wiki_wiki.png" height="180" weight="180" style="border:0;background:none">
<img src="images/android_wiki.png" height="180" weight="180" style="border:0;background:none">
<img src="images/python.png" height="180" weight="180" style="border:0;background:none">
<img src="images/arduino_wiki.png" height="180" weight="180" style="border:0;background:none">
</div>
</section>
<section>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Project</th>
<th>Leading Company</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Linux</td>
<td>Red Hat</td>
<td>$16 billion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Git</td>
<td>Github</td>
<td>$2 billion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MySQL</td>
<td>Oracle</td>
<td>$1.87 billion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Docker</td>
<td>Docker</td>
<td>$1 billion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Spark</td>
<td>Databricks</td>
<td>$513 million</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="font-size:10pt">Source: Wikipedia</p>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
### References
* [Open-source definition](https://opensource.org/osd)
* [Free Software Movement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software_movement)
* [List of free and open-source software](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages)
* [Open-source model](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_model)
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-background-color="#008080">
<textarea data-template>
# ?
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-background-image="images/coffee.jpg">
<h1>Break!</h1>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section data-background-color="#dda0dd">
<h1>Open knowledge</h1>
</section>
<section data-background-image="images/britanica.jpg" data-background-size="1000px">
<div style="margin-top: 630px;font-size:20px;color:white;">Source: Wikipedia</div>
</section>
<section data-background-image="images/wiki_wiki.png" data-background-size="300px">
<h3>Wikipedia</h3>
<div style="margin-top: 630px;font-size:20px;color:white;">Source: Wikipedia</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>MOOCs</h2>
Massive open online course<br>
<img src="images/stats_class_central.png">
</section>
<section>
<h2>MOOCs</h2>
<div>
<img src="images/edx.png" height="100" weight="100" style="border:0;background:none">
<br>
<img src="images/coursera.png" height="100" weight="100" style="border:0;background:none">
<br>
<img src="images/udacity.png" height="100" weight="100" style="border:0;background:none">
</div>
</section>
<section data-markdown style="font-size: 30px">
<textarea data-template>
<h5>What are people learning? Coursera</h5>
1. Machine Learning, Stanford University
2. The Science of Well-Being, Yale University
3. Learning How to Learn, University of California San Diego
4. Neural Networks and Deep Learning, Deeplearning.ai
5. Programming for Everybody (Getting Started with Python), University of Michigan
6. Algorithms, Part I, Princeton University
7. Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies, Princeton University
8. Convolutional Neural Networks, Deeplearning.ai
9. Sequence Models, Deeplearning.ai
10. Improving Deep Neural Networks, Deeplearning.ai
<p style="font-size:10px">Source: https://www.eab.com/</p>
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown style="font-size: 30px">
<textarea data-template>
<h5>What are people learning? Edx</h5>
1. Introduction to Computer Science and Programming Using Python, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2. Introduction to Linux, Linux Foundation
3. CS50's Introduction to Computer Science, Harvard University
4. Analyzing and Visualizing Data with Excel, Microsoft
5. IELTS Academic Test Preparation, University of Queensland
6. English Grammar and Style, University of Queensland
7. The Science of Happiness, University of California, Berkeley
8. TOEFL® Test Preparation: The Insider's Guide, Educational Testing Service
9. The Science of Everyday Thinking, University of Queensland
10. Introduction to Python for Data Science, Microsoft
<p style="font-size:10px">Source: https://www.eab.com/</p>
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<h3>Harvard, Introduction to Computer Science CS50</h3>
<br>
[CS50](https://www.edx.org/course/cs50s-introduction-computer-science-harvardx-cs50x)
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
### Open data
* Paradigm change: from algorithms to machine learning
* Paradigm change: from models to data algorithms
* Data became more and more important
* How to navigate and understand data and Big Data?
* How to access and produce data?
* IoT, LoRa, LoRaWAN
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
[The Things Network](https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/)
<br>
<img src="images/ttn.png" height="400" style="border:0;background:none">
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-background-image="images/cloudia.jpg" data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
<br><br><br>
<br><br><br>
<br><br><br>
[https://cloudiaworld.github.io](https://cloudiaworld.github.io)
</textarea>
</section>
</section>
<!-- Programming as literacy -->
<section>
<section data-markdown data-background-color="#f08080">
<textarea data-template>
# Programming as literacy
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-background-color="#ffffff">
What to do with this massive, overwhelming amount of information?
<br>
<img src="images/comic_elearning.jpeg" height="500" style="border:0;background:none">
</section>
<section>
Do I have to become a programmer or a data scientist?
<pre class="c"><code>
long long time; //ago in a galaxy far away...
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
What to learn, what to unlearn?
</section>
<section>
Less clicking, more typing
</section>
<section>
Knowing how to programm is like having super powers<br>
<img src="images/yoda.png" height="300" style="border:0;background:none">
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
### Reinventing your self
* In the same way as adopting open-source can help organizations to save money, or to redirect the investments
* This super power can help you to better use your time
* In this sense, programming is for lazy people
</textarea>
</section>
<section style="text-align: left">
<h3>Examples</h3>
<h4>Learning German</h4>
<table style="font-size:20px">
<tbody>
<tr class="fragment">
<td>Butterfly</td>
<td>der Schmetterling</td>
</tr>
<tr class="fragment">
<td>die Rechtsschutzversicherungsgesellschaft</td>
<td>Insurance company providing legal protection</td>
</tr>
<tr class="fragment">
<td>to go</td>
<td>gehen, geht, ist gegangen</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Examples</h3>
How Python and LaTeX can save your life?<br>
<img class="fragment fade-in" src="images/howimetyourmother.png" width="300" height="150"
style="border:0px;background:none">
</section>
<section>
<h3>Example</h3>
<h4><a href="https://www.uvek-gis.admin.ch/BFE/sonnendach/?lang=en">Rooftop solar potential</a></h4>
</section>
<section>
<div>
<img src="images/tux_wiki.png" height="180" weight="180" style="border:0;background:none">
<img src="images/python.png" height="180" weight="180" style="border:0;background:none">
<img src="images/arduino_wiki.png" height="180" weight="180" style="border:0;background:none">
<img src="images/raspberry.png" height="180" weight="180" style="border:0;background:none">
<img src="images/jupyter.png" height="180" weight="180" style="border:0;background:none">
</div>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-background-color="#daa522">
<textarea data-template>
# How to start?
* Iterate, iterate, iterate: prototypes vs. perfect system
* Software developemnt is infinite, non-static
* Build prototypes
* Lean-startup
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-background-color="#EEE8AA">
<h4>Read other people's code</h4>
<br>
<img src="images/github.png" height="100">
</section>
<section data-markdown>
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* Tools around code are as important as code:
* Version control: distributed is the new centralized
* Text editors: styling, linting, etc.
* Testing
* Continuous integration
</textarea>
</section>
<section>
<img src="images/git-fire.png" width="500" height="500">
</section>
<section data-background-color="#ffffff">
<h4>The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters</h4>
<img src="images/importthis.jpg" width="300" height="300" style="border:0;">
</section>
<section style="text-align:left">
<h4>The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters</h4>
<p style="font-size:20px">
Beautiful is better than ugly.<br>
Explicit is better than implicit.<br>
Simple is better than complex.<br>
Complex is better than complicated.<br>
Flat is better than nested.<br>
Sparse is better than dense.<br>
Readability counts.<br>
Special cases aren't special enough to break the rules.<br>
Although practicality beats purity.<br>
Errors should never pass silently.<br>
Unless explicitly silenced.<br>
In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.<br>
There should be one-- and preferably only one --obvious way to do it.<br>
Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you're Dutch.<br>
Now is better than never.<br>
Although never is often better than *right* now.<br>
If the implementation is hard to explain, it's a bad idea.<br>
If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.<br>
Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!
</p>
</section>
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* Be patient, it takes time ... but is worth
* Embrace the terminal
* Start scripting
* Have fun
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-background-color="#008080">
<textarea data-template>
# ?
</textarea>
</section>
<section data-markdown data-background-color="#ffd700">
<textarea data-template>
# Murakoze!
</textarea>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section data-background-color="#66CDAA">
<h1>LoRaWAN</h1>
<h3>Demo</h3>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
### Tradeoff
Usually, communication technologies feature two out of three characteristics:<br>
* Long range
* Low power consumption (low cost)
* High bandwidth, high throughput
</textarea>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Community operated networks</h3>
There are several competing technologies. One aspect that makes LoRaWAN interesting is the fact
that you do not depend on an operator, you can create your own networks
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<textarea data-template>
[The Things Network](https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/)
<br>
<img src="images/ttn.png" height="400" style="border:0;background:none">
</textarea>
</section>
</section>
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