Include more information on updating versions and workspace publishing (#7192)

`cargo workspaces publish --from-git` works quite well and we should
emphasize it more.

Also included substeps for version updating around dependency updates
that ought to avoid problems like
#7191.

---------

Co-authored-by: Robert Bastian <4706271+robertbastian@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: Manishearth

documents/process/release.md

@@ -32,39 +32,54 @@ This is a checklist of things that should be done in the weeks leading to the re
 * [ ] Verify that `ffi/capi` depends on a released (not Git) version of Diplomat. Get it published (ask manishearth or sffc) otherwise.
 * [ ] Get all contributors to complete the changelog (see below)
 * [ ] Draft the text for the GitHub release and circulate to the WG at least 18 hours in advance of the release, but ideally sooner. This text will be sent to GitHub subscribers and can also be used for the mailing list email and blog post.
+* [ ] Consider making earlier drafts of the changelog (see below), noting a Git commit that the changelog is accurate up to.
 
 ## Release steps
 
 Once the release checklist is complete, the assigned release driver will perform the following steps, in order:
 
-* Land the changelog (see below)
-  * Note: Do this _before_ tagging the release so that it is included in the tag
-* Remove all `-dev` prelease tags from `Cargo.toml`s
-* Go through the prerelease checklist again, ensuring that no problems were reintroduced in the PRs that landed since the opening of the checklist. (Things like doc prettification will likely need to be rerun!)
-* Release utils (see section below). Get the version bumps reviewed and checked in before releasing.
-* Update ICU4X package versions as needed. Most of this can be done by updating `workspace.package` in the root `Cargo.toml` and the `workspace.dependencies` entries there. Some `icu_*` crates do not follow the ICU4X versioning scheme like `icu_codepointtrie_builder` or experimental crates.
-* Get this reviewed and checked in before continuing
-* Publish each `icu_*` crate
-  * Use `cargo workspaces publish --from-git` to automatically publish the crates in the correct order if you would like
-  * Add `icu4x-release` group as owners to each new component you're publishing
-    * `cargo owner -a github:unicode-org:icu4x-release`
-* [Tag the Release](https://github.com/unicode-org/icu4x/releases) with the text drafted above
-* Update and publish FFI packages
-  * Dart
-    * update version in `ffi/dart/pubspec.yaml`
-    * update the artifacts tag in `ffi/dart/lib/src/hook_helpers/version.dart` to the tag created above
-    * get this checked in, then `cd ffi/dart && dart pub publish`
-  * JS
-    * update version in `icu4x/ffi/npm/package.json`
-    * get this checked in, then `cd ffi/npm && npm publish`
-* Create a branch named `release/x.y` including the release tag and FFI commits and push it to the upstream
-* Update the website
-  * In the `icu4x-docs` repo, run `node tools/github-to-astro.ts` and follow the instructions
-* Announce the release to public
-  * (All releases) Send an email to [icu4x-announce](https://groups.google.com/u/0/a/unicode.org/g/icu4x-announce)
-  * (All releases) Blog post on Unicode blog (email Unicode Edcom)
-  * (All releases) Update https://www.unicode.org/releases/ (email Ken Whistler)
-  * (Major releases only) Submit to This Week In Rust
+* [ ] Land the changelog (see below)
+* [ ] Go through the prerelease checklist again, ensuring that no problems were reintroduced in the PRs that landed since the opening of the checklist. (Things like doc prettification will likely need to be rerun!)
+* [ ] Prepare a PR with updated versions
+  * [ ] Remove all `-dev` prelease tags from `Cargo.toml`s
+  * [ ] Update all ICU4X crate versions
+    * [ ] Update the workspace version to the new version
+    * [ ] Some `icu_*` crates do not follow the ICU4X versioning scheme: `icu_codepointtrie_builder`, `icu_pattern`, and `icu_experimental`. Be sure to give them an appropriate version based on the changelog. Major releases are always paired with a `0.x.0` release of `icu_experimental`.
+    * [ ] Find all ICU4X component/provider crates that have an overridden version in their `Cargo.toml` and reset it to `version.workspace = true`.
+    * [ ] Update all ICU4X `~` dependencies in the toplevel `Cargo.toml`'s `workspace.dependencies`.
+    * [ ] Update `icu_locale_core`, `icu_provider`, and `icu_pattern`'s non-`~` dependency in `Cargo.toml`'s `workspace.dependencies`
+      * Note: These are in a different section and easy to miss!
+  * [ ] Update all relevant utils versions
+    * [ ] The changelog should already mention the new versions of each util crate that needs to be published. Use those, and double-check that they are accurate.
+    * [ ] For utils that have had substantiative changes (new APIs, etc), update them in `workspace.dependencies`. When unsure, just update.
+* [ ] Get this PR reviewed and checked in.
+* [ ] Perform the release.
+  * The best way to do this is to use `cargo workspaces publish --from-git --no-remove-dev-deps`.
+  * If the release fails at some point and needs a fix, make a PR for the fix and get it merged. You *may* bypass requirements if necessary, but prefer to wait for most CI and an approval.
+  * `cargo publish` does not like cyclic dev-deps and [will fail](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/4242) on some crates.
+    * `cargo workspaces publish` will automatically edit out dev-deps to handle this. Unfortunately, it [dirties the tree](https://github.com/pksunkara/cargo-workspaces/issues/202) when it does this. Hopefully that issue is fixed.
+    * If not, you can instead perform a release by running `cargo publish` on individual folders (going back to `cargo workspaces publish` after the problematic crate is published)
+    * When required to remove a dev-dependency, make a commit that replaces it with a path dependency, and then `cargo publish` from the clean git tree.
+    * Be sure to push such commits to `main` (you may need to temporarily change branch protection to do so: do not change the ruleset, just remove the default branch from our branch protection ruleset).
+    * It is very important to only publish from commits that are reachable from `main` (or other repo branches). It is less important to ensure that the publishes are not "dirty", but it is ideal to try and maintain that.
+* [ ] Add the `icu4x-release` group as owners to each brand new crate that was published
+  * `cargo owner -a github:unicode-org:icu4x-release`
+* [ ] [Tag the Release](https://github.com/unicode-org/icu4x/releases) with the text drafted above
+* [ ] Update and publish FFI packages
+  * [ ] Dart
+    * [ ] update version in `ffi/dart/pubspec.yaml`
+    * [ ] update the artifacts tag in `ffi/dart/lib/src/hook_helpers/version.dart` to the tag created above, and run `regenerate_hashes.dart`
+    * [ ] get this checked in, then `cd ffi/dart && dart pub publish`
+  * [ ] JS
+    * [ ] update version in `icu4x/ffi/npm/package.json`
+    * [ ] get this checked in, then `cd ffi/npm && npm publish`
+* [ ] Create a branch named `release/x.y` including the release tag and FFI commits and push it to the upstream
+* [ ] Update the website
+  * [ ] In the `icu4x-docs` repo, run `node tools/github-to-astro.ts` and follow the instructions
+* [ ] Announce the release to public
+  * [ ] (All releases) Blog post on Unicode blog (email Unicode Edcom)
+  * [ ] (All releases) Update https://www.unicode.org/releases/ (email Ken Whistler)
+  * [ ] (Major releases only) Submit to This Week In Rust
 * Keep the main branch relatively stable for 7-14 days following the release to make things easier in case a patch release is needed.
   * It's okay to land smaller or incremental changes, but avoid breaking changes during this period.
 
@@ -108,6 +123,8 @@ This can all be done in a separate PR to chunk out the work but there should be
 
 In general, the *Unreleased* section of the changelog should be updated with each changelog-worthy PR. However, as this might be forgotten, before a release you should ping all major contributors, and ask them to complete their parts of the changelog. Before the release, rename the *Unreleased* section to the appropriate version.
 
+When making a release, it is important to include version changes for all util and other non-ICU4X-versioned crates. If a util crate is not changed, it should have an entry saying `utilname: No change`
+
 Out-of-cycle changelogs should use a single entry for each individual crate released, e.g. something like this:
 
 ```markdown