Kernel panic when starting VM with QEMU option highmem=on

[danhermann]

Describe the issue
While testing 3.2 beta, I set highmem=on for an aarch64 Ubuntu VM in order to work around a known issue. Starting the VM with that option resulted in a kernel panic. I downgraded back to 3.1.5 and attempted to start the VM and that resulted in another kernel panic.

Configuration

• UTM Version: 3.2 beta, 3.1.5
• OS Version: 12.3.1
• Intel or Apple Silicon? Apple Silicon (M1 Max)

Crash log
Unfortunately, there are no crash logs. I do have the following problem report if it is of any use:

macOS problem report

panic(cpu 5 caller 0xfffffe002cd11814): vm_fault() KERN_FAILURE from guest fault on state 0xfffffe61180c0000 @sleh.c:3117 Debugger message: panic Memory ID: 0x6 OS release type: User OS version: 21E258 Kernel version: Darwin Kernel Version 21.4.0: Fri Mar 18 00:46:32 PDT 2022; root:xnu-8020.101.4~15/RELEASE_ARM64_T6000 Fileset Kernelcache UUID: 0631AF68D2B8D6FEA30E36D7895D4DB4 Kernel UUID: C342869F-FFB9-3CCE-A5A3-EA711C1E87F6 iBoot version: iBoot-7459.101.3 secure boot?: YES Paniclog version: 13 KernelCache slide: 0x00000000252e4000 KernelCache base: 0xfffffe002c2e8000 Kernel slide: 0x0000000025a94000 Kernel text base: 0xfffffe002ca98000 Kernel text exec slide: 0x0000000025b7c000 Kernel text exec base: 0xfffffe002cb80000 mach_absolute_time: 0x685772c83e Epoch Time: sec usec Boot : 0x6268009d 0x00066407 Sleep : 0x00000000 0x00000000 Wake : 0x00000000 0x00000000 Calendar: 0x62684986 0x00064db1

Zone info:
Foreign : 0xfffffe00362dc000 - 0xfffffe00362ec000
Native : 0xfffffe1000708000 - 0xfffffe3000708000
Readonly: 0xfffffe14cd3d4000 - 0xfffffe1666d6c000
Metadata: 0xfffffe83537b8000 - 0xfffffe835f6e4000
Bitmaps : 0xfffffe835f6e4000 - 0xfffffe83770d0000

CORE 0 PVH locks held: None
CORE 1 PVH locks held: None
CORE 2 PVH locks held: None
CORE 3 PVH locks held: None
CORE 4 PVH locks held: None
CORE 5 PVH locks held: None
CORE 6 PVH locks held: None
CORE 7 PVH locks held: None
CORE 8 PVH locks held: None
CORE 9 PVH locks held: None
CORE 0: PC=0xfffffe002cc0f418, LR=0xfffffe002cc0f418, FP=0xfffffe6101a73f00
CORE 1: PC=0xfffffe002cc0f418, LR=0xfffffe002cc0f418, FP=0xfffffe60c03f3f00
CORE 2: PC=0x00000001a317c718, LR=0x0000000103632970, FP=0x000000016ff42790
CORE 3: PC=0xfffffe002d0ffad4, LR=0xfffffe002d0ffad0, FP=0xfffffe6118ca3ca0
CORE 4: PC=0x0000000104a86ad4, LR=0x0000000104a86ab4, FP=0x000000016d1d2580
CORE 5 is the one that panicked. Check the full backtrace for details.
CORE 6: PC=0xfffffe002cc0f41c, LR=0xfffffe002cc0f418, FP=0xfffffe61180abf00
CORE 7: PC=0xfffffe002cc0f41c, LR=0xfffffe002cc0f418, FP=0xfffffe6037dc3f00
CORE 8: PC=0xfffffe002cc0f418, LR=0xfffffe002cc0f418, FP=0xfffffe6032db3f00
CORE 9: PC=0xfffffe002cc0f41c, LR=0xfffffe002cc0f418, FP=0xfffffe6118cd3f00
Compressor Info: 0% of compressed pages limit (OK) and 0% of segments limit (OK) with 0 swapfiles and OK swap space
Panicked task 0xfffffe2001c1edf8: 17341 pages, 22 threads: pid 46328: QEMULauncher
Panicked thread: 0xfffffe1ff42d8968, backtrace: 0xfffffe60c0593310, tid: 295434
lr: 0xfffffe002cbd9560 fp: 0xfffffe60c0593380
lr: 0xfffffe002cbd9228 fp: 0xfffffe60c05933f0
lr: 0xfffffe002cd1decc fp: 0xfffffe60c0593410
lr: 0xfffffe002cd1005c fp: 0xfffffe60c0593480
lr: 0xfffffe002cd0da98 fp: 0xfffffe60c0593540
lr: 0xfffffe002cb877f8 fp: 0xfffffe60c0593550
lr: 0xfffffe002cbd8eac fp: 0xfffffe60c05938f0
lr: 0xfffffe002cbd8eac fp: 0xfffffe60c0593960
lr: 0xfffffe002d402acc fp: 0xfffffe60c0593980
lr: 0xfffffe002cd11814 fp: 0xfffffe60c05939e0
lr: 0xfffffe002cd113b0 fp: 0xfffffe60c0593a50
lr: 0xfffffe002cb92828 fp: 0xfffffe60c0593a60
lr: 0xfffffe002cd261c0 fp: 0xfffffe60c0593e50
lr: 0xfffffe002cd0dea8 fp: 0xfffffe60c0593f10
lr: 0xfffffe002cb877f8 fp: 0xfffffe60c0593f20

last started kext at 7257972613: com.apple.filesystems.smbfs 4.0 (addr 0xfffffe002ca7f670, size 64493)
loaded kexts:
com.apple.filesystems.smbfs 4.0
com.apple.filesystems.autofs 3.0
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com.apple.nke.l2tp 1.9
com.apple.filesystems.tmpfs 1
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com.apple.security.BootPolicy 1
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com.apple.nke.ppp 1.9
com.apple.driver.AppleBSDKextStarter 3
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com.apple.driver.AppleConvergedIPCOLYBTControl 1
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com.apple.driver.AppleInputDeviceSupport 5440.6
com.apple.driver.AppleBTM 1.0.1
com.apple.driver.AppleCSEmbeddedAudio 540.34
com.apple.driver.AppleDCPDPTXProxy 1.0.0
com.apple.driver.DCPDPFamilyProxy 1
com.apple.driver.AppleDiagnosticDataAccessReadOnly 1.0.0
com.apple.driver.ApplePassthroughPPM 3.0
com.apple.driver.AppleAOPAudio 140.3
com.apple.driver.AppleEmbeddedAudio 540.34
com.apple.iokit.AppleARMIISAudio 140.2
com.apple.driver.AppleSPU 1
com.apple.AGXFirmwareKextG13XRTBuddy 190.17.3
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** Stackshot Succeeded ** Bytes Traced 458217 (Uncompressed 1194320) **

Debug log
debug.log

Upload VM
config.plist.txt

[clyso]

same here. kernel panic and mac reboot after starting a aarch64 Ubuntu VM ( with highmem=on ) on 3.2 beta.
creating a new VM in 3.15 ( without highmem=on ) works like expect.

[t3chn0m4g3]

Same here.

[peterneutron]

You should not activate highmem on an Apple Silicon machine. The obvious answer would be to just not use a pre-release version with known issues in a productive environment.

More technical details:

https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/qemu-devel/patch/20201126215017.41156-9-agraf@csgraf.de/#23800615

[osy]

@agraf So if HVF doesn't support highmem and QEMU refuses to start with highmem=off, what’s the proper solution?

[agraf]

QEMU should always work fine with highmem=off, what is broken in HVF is highmem=on. MacOS 12.4 also fixes highmem=on for M1 Max. I haven't verified, but I believe M1 (no Max) doesn't support highmem=on in hardware.

[t3chn0m4g3]

@agraf Thanks for the explanation.
@osy I was just following the suggestion for highmem=on, because I got the empty Error message and the VM would not start (on M1 Pro).

[osy]

The empty error is actually QEMU printing "qemu-aarch64-softmmu: Addressing limited to 32 bits, but memory exceeds it by 1073741824 bytes" which I traced to "highmem=off"

[agraf]

Ok, now I understand. QEMU gained support to enforce that RAM stays within the first 4GB in QEMU 7.0, which is not what we wanted - we just wanted to stay below 64GB because that is the limit at which point M1 hardware maxes out. M1 Max also has the kernel panic bug in < macOS 12.4.

I'm not sure what we should do about this. Once 12.4 is out, I would expect highmem=on to "just work" everywhere with sensible limits. So once we can, we should force users to 12.4 once it's out and always use highmem=on. In the meantime, you could apply a local hack to UTM to get the <7.0 behavior back:

diff --git a/hw/arm/virt.c b/hw/arm/virt.c
index 5bdd98e4a1..5f1eb7b092 100644
--- a/hw/arm/virt.c
+++ b/hw/arm/virt.c
@@ -1707,7 +1707,7 @@ static void virt_set_memmap(VirtMachineState *vms, int pa_bits)
      * irrespective of the underlying capabilities of the HW.
      */
     if (!vms->highmem) {
-        pa_bits = 32;
+        pa_bits = 36;
     }

     /*

[t3chn0m4g3]

@agraf Thanks! Forcing to 12.4 makes perfect sense in that regard.

[osy]

Thanks for the explanation. However I don’t think it’s just M1 Max that experiences this issue. I get it on my M1 Mac mini. Disregard this, I was thinking of the original issue with highmem=off not the kernel panic.

[825i]

I am getting this issue myself. Any idea how to fix it at all? I have an M1 Mac with 16GB of RAM. Man I wish it was easier to use VMs on this thing...

Command: ["qemu-system-aarch64", "-machine", "virt,accel=hvf,highmem=off", "-cpu", "cortex-a72", "-smp", "2", "-m", "4G", "-device", "virtio-net-device,netdev=net0", "-netdev", "user,id=net0,hostfwd=tcp::50022-:22", "-drive", "if=virtio,format=qcow2,file=/Users/adminuser/Documents/nc/vagrant/.vagrant/machines/default/qemu/6CR3QwtQWCI/linked-box.img", "-drive", "if=pflash,format=raw,file=/Users/adminuser/Documents/nc/vagrant/.vagrant/machines/default/qemu/6CR3QwtQWCI/edk2-aarch64-code.fd,readonly=on", "-drive", "if=pflash,format=raw,file=/Users/adminuser/Documents/nc/vagrant/.vagrant/machines/default/qemu/6CR3QwtQWCI/edk2-arm-vars.fd", "-chardev", "socket,id=mon0,path=/Users/adminuser/.vagrant.d/tmp/vagrant-qemu/6CR3QwtQWCI/qemu_socket,server=on,wait=off", "-mon", "chardev=mon0,mode=readline", "-chardev", "socket,id=ser0,path=/Users/adminuser/.vagrant.d/tmp/vagrant-qemu/6CR3QwtQWCI/qemu_socket_serial,server=on,wait=off", "-serial", "chardev:ser0", "-pidfile", "/Users/adminuser/Documents/nc/vagrant/.vagrant/machines/default/qemu/6CR3QwtQWCI/qemu.pid", "-parallel", "null", "-monitor", "none", "-display", "none", "-vga", "none", "-daemonize", {:notify=>[:stdout, :stderr, :stdin]}]

Stderr: qemu-system-aarch64: Addressing limited to 32 bits, but memory exceeds it by 1073741824 bytes



Stdout: 

[agraf]

Try to give it 3GB instead of 4GB. Or use macos >= 12.4 and drop highmem=off and give it as much memory as you like.

[ppggff]

I am getting this issue myself. Any idea how to fix it at all? I have an M1 Mac with 16GB of RAM. Man I wish it was easier to use VMs on this thing...

Command: ["qemu-system-aarch64", "-machine", "virt,accel=hvf,highmem=off", "-cpu", "cortex-a72", "-smp", "2", "-m", "4G", "-device", "virtio-net-device,netdev=net0", "-netdev", "user,id=net0,hostfwd=tcp::50022-:22", "-drive", "if=virtio,format=qcow2,file=/Users/adminuser/Documents/nc/vagrant/.vagrant/machines/default/qemu/6CR3QwtQWCI/linked-box.img", "-drive", "if=pflash,format=raw,file=/Users/adminuser/Documents/nc/vagrant/.vagrant/machines/default/qemu/6CR3QwtQWCI/edk2-aarch64-code.fd,readonly=on", "-drive", "if=pflash,format=raw,file=/Users/adminuser/Documents/nc/vagrant/.vagrant/machines/default/qemu/6CR3QwtQWCI/edk2-arm-vars.fd", "-chardev", "socket,id=mon0,path=/Users/adminuser/.vagrant.d/tmp/vagrant-qemu/6CR3QwtQWCI/qemu_socket,server=on,wait=off", "-mon", "chardev=mon0,mode=readline", "-chardev", "socket,id=ser0,path=/Users/adminuser/.vagrant.d/tmp/vagrant-qemu/6CR3QwtQWCI/qemu_socket_serial,server=on,wait=off", "-serial", "chardev:ser0", "-pidfile", "/Users/adminuser/Documents/nc/vagrant/.vagrant/machines/default/qemu/6CR3QwtQWCI/qemu.pid", "-parallel", "null", "-monitor", "none", "-display", "none", "-vga", "none", "-daemonize", {:notify=>[:stdout, :stderr, :stdin]}]

Stderr: qemu-system-aarch64: Addressing limited to 32 bits, but memory exceeds it by 1073741824 bytes



Stdout: 

@825i Please try if following config work?

config.vm.provider "qemu" do |qe|
    qe.memory = "4G"
    qe.machine = "virt,accel=hvf,highmem=on"
    qe.cpu = "host"
end