[core] Support capture custom ops into aclgraph (#2113)

### What this PR does / why we need it?
Thanks to the PR #426
make vllm-ascend support the aclgraph inference to reduce the host
overhead. However, the capability of aclgraph strongly relies on the
functionality provided by `torch.compile`, which is the key feature
supported in torch 2.x . Therefore, capture custom op into aclgraph is
only possible when it can be recognize and captured by `torch.compile`.

In this PR, we register the meta implementation of current custom ops to
enable the fx graph capture. And by doing that, insert those custom ops
into aclgraph become a natural thing to the ascend runtime.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
No user face change.

### How was this patch tested?
Tested in unittest, we will integrate the `rotary_embedding` op into a
small custom model and use `torch.compile` and aclgraph to capture and
replay it to verify its functionality.

- vLLM version: v0.10.0
- vLLM main:
vllm-project/vllm@1b99028

---------

Signed-off-by: ganyi <pleaplusone.gy@gmail.com>

Author: ganyi1996ppo

csrc/torch_binding.cpp

@@ -27,6 +27,17 @@
 
 namespace vllm_ascend {
 
+AscendType get_dtype_from_torch(at::ScalarType scalarType)
+{
+    if (scalarType == at::ScalarType::Float) {
+        return AscendType::FP32;
+    } else if (scalarType == at::ScalarType::BFloat16) {
+        return AscendType::BF16;
+    } else {
+        return AscendType::FP16;
+    }
+}
+
 std::tuple<at::Tensor, at::Tensor> rotary_embedding(at::Tensor &positions, at::Tensor &query, at::Tensor &key,
     int64_t head_size, at::Tensor &cos_sin_cache,  bool is_neox)
 {

csrc/torch_binding_meta.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include <torch/extension.h>
+#include <torch/library.h>
+#include <torch/version.h>
+#include <torch_npu/csrc/core/npu/NPUStream.h>
+#include <torch_npu/csrc/framework/OpCommand.h>
+#include <torch_npu/csrc/npu/Module.h>
+#include "utils.h"
+/*
+ * How to write a meta implementation for a custom operator (meta kernel):
+ *
+ * Meta implementations are used for shape and dtype inference, tracing, and export.
+ * They do NOT perform any real computation or allocate device memory.
+ * Instead, they return empty tensors with the correct shapes, dtypes, and device types.
+ *
+ * Steps to write a meta implementation:
+ * 1. The function signature should match the operator's schema, but only use the arguments
+ *    necessary to infer output shapes and dtypes.
+ * 2. Use input tensor shapes, dtypes, and any relevant arguments to compute the output shapes.
+ * 3. Return empty tensors (e.g., at::empty_symint, at::empty_like) with the correct shape and dtype.
+ * 4. Do NOT perform any real computation or data movement.
+ * 5. Register the meta implementation with the "Meta" dispatch key using TORCH_LIBRARY_IMPL or similar.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *   std::tuple<at::Tensor, at::Tensor> my_op_meta(
+ *       at::Tensor &input, int64_t some_param) {
+ *     // Infer output shape based on input and parameters
+ *     auto out_shape = ...;
+ *     at::Tensor out = at::empty_symint(out_shape, input.options());
+ *     // Return empty tensor(s) with correct shape/dtype
+ *     return {out, ...};
+ *   }
+ *
+ * See below for real examples.
+ */
+
+namespace vllm_ascend {
+namespace meta {
+
+std::tuple<at::Tensor, at::Tensor> rotary_embedding_meta(
+  at::Tensor &positions,
+  at::Tensor &query,
+  at::Tensor &key,
+  int64_t head_size, 
+  at::Tensor &cos_sin_cache,
+  bool is_neox) {
+    auto num_tokens = positions.sym_numel();
+    auto query_hidden_size = query.sym_numel() / num_tokens;
+    auto key_hidden_size = key.sym_numel() / num_tokens;
+
+    auto num_heads = query_hidden_size / head_size;
+    auto num_kv_heads = key_hidden_size / head_size;
+    at::Tensor query_dst = at::empty_symint({num_tokens, num_heads, head_size}, query.options());
+    at::Tensor key_dst = at::empty_symint({num_tokens, num_kv_heads, head_size}, key.options());
+
+    return {query_dst, key_dst};
+}
+
+std::tuple<at::Tensor, at::Tensor> get_masked_input_and_mask_meta(
+    at::Tensor &input,
+    const int64_t org_vocab_start_index,
+    const int64_t org_vocab_end_index,
+    const int64_t num_org_vocab_padding,
+    const int64_t added_vocab_start_index,
+    const int64_t added_vocab_end_index) {
+
+    at::Tensor masked_input = at::empty_like(input);
+    at::Tensor mask = at::empty_like(input, input.options().dtype(at::kBool));
+
+    return {masked_input, mask};
+}
+
+
+} // namespace meta
+} // namespace vllm_ascend
+
+namespace {
+  // Register the meta implementations of the custom kernels for symbolic tracing, this will also 
+  // the custom kernel been captured into aclgraph
+  TORCH_LIBRARY_IMPL_EXPAND(_C, Meta, ops) {
+    // Rotary embedding meta implementation
+    ops.impl("rotary_embedding", &vllm_ascend::meta::rotary_embedding_meta);
+    // Masked input and mask meta implementation
+    ops.impl("get_masked_input_and_mask", &vllm_ascend::meta::get_masked_input_and_mask_meta);
+
+}
+}

csrc/utils.h

@@ -29,15 +29,3 @@
   }
 
 
-namespace vllm_ascend {
-AscendType get_dtype_from_torch(at::ScalarType scalarType)
-{
-    if (scalarType == at::ScalarType::Float) {
-        return AscendType::FP32;
-    } else if (scalarType == at::ScalarType::BFloat16) {
-        return AscendType::BF16;
-    } else {
-        return AscendType::FP16;
-    }
-}
-} // namespace vllm_ascend

tests/e2e/singlecard/ops/test_rotary_embedding.py

@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@
 # Only Neox style true scenario is supported for now
 IS_NEOX_STYLE = [True]
 DTYPES = [torch.half]
-HEAD_SIZES = [64, 96, 128, 256]
+HEAD_SIZES = [64, 64, 96, 128, 256]
 ROTARY_DIMS = [None, 32]  # None means rotary dim == head size
 NUM_HEADS = [17]  # Arbitrary values for testing
 BATCH_SIZES = [5]  # Arbitrary values for testing
 SEQ_LENS = [11, 4096]  # Arbitrary values for testing
+NUM_TOKENS = [10, 21]
 SEEDS = [0]
 DEVICES = [f"npu:{0}"]
 # Set tolerance to 1 for quant ops
@@ -198,3 +199,146 @@ def test_rotary_embedding_quant_with_leading_dim(
                                ref_key,
                                atol=DEFAULT_ATOL,
                                rtol=DEFAULT_RTOL)
+
+
+class ModelwithRotaryEmbedding(nn.Module):
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        hidden_size: int,
+        num_heads: int,
+        head_size: int,
+        rotary_dim: int,
+        max_position_embeddings: int,
+        base: int,
+        is_neox_style: bool,
+        dtype: torch.dtype,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.qkv_proj = nn.Linear(hidden_size, num_heads * head_size * 3)
+        self.rope = RotaryEmbedding(
+            head_size=head_size,
+            rotary_dim=rotary_dim,
+            max_position_embeddings=max_position_embeddings,
+            base=base,
+            is_neox_style=is_neox_style,
+            dtype=dtype,
+        )
+        self.o_proj = nn.Linear(num_heads * head_size, hidden_size)
+
+    def forward(
+        self,
+        positions: torch.Tensor,
+        hidden_states: torch.Tensor,
+        offsets: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,
+    ) -> torch.Tensor:
+        # we simulated a simple attention layer to test if it can be seamlessly captured into aclgraph
+        qkv = self.qkv_proj(hidden_states)
+        q, k, v = qkv.chunk(3, dim=-1)
+        query, key = torch.ops._C.rotary_embedding(
+            positions,
+            q,
+            k,
+            self.rope.head_size,
+            self.rope.cos_sin_cache,
+            self.rope.is_neox_style,
+        )
+        query = query.view(q.shape)
+        key = key.view(k.shape)
+        o = self.o_proj(query)
+        return o
+
+
+# The first graph seems will have some accuracy issue when directly run pytest on the ops folder,
+# add a warmup graph replay for workaround
+ACL_GRPAH_FIRST_RUN = True
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("is_neox_style", IS_NEOX_STYLE)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("num_tokens", BATCH_SIZES)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("num_heads", NUM_HEADS)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("head_size", HEAD_SIZES)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("rotary_dim", ROTARY_DIMS)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("dtype", DTYPES)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("seed", SEEDS)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("device", DEVICES)
+@torch.inference_mode()
+def test_capture_rotary_embedding_in_aclgraph(
+    is_neox_style: bool,
+    num_tokens: int,
+    num_heads: int,
+    head_size: int,
+    rotary_dim: int,
+    dtype: torch.dtype,
+    seed: int,
+    device: str,
+    max_position_embeddings: int = 8192,
+    base: int = 10000,
+):
+    """Test if the rotary embedding can be captured in aclgraph."""
+    torch.manual_seed(seed)
+    torch.set_default_device(device)
+    if rotary_dim is None:
+        rotary_dim = head_size
+    model = ModelwithRotaryEmbedding(
+        hidden_size=num_heads * head_size,
+        num_heads=num_heads,
+        head_size=head_size,
+        rotary_dim=rotary_dim,
+        max_position_embeddings=max_position_embeddings,
+        base=base,
+        is_neox_style=is_neox_style,
+        dtype=dtype,
+    )
+
+    def custom_op_checking_backend(gm: torch.fx.GraphModule, example_input):
+        # Validate if the rotary_embedding custom kernel is indeed inside the graph by
+        # string match
+        graph = str(gm.graph)
+        assert "_C.rotary_embedding" in graph
+        return gm
+
+    static_positions = torch.randint(0, max_position_embeddings,
+                                     (num_tokens, ))
+    static_hidden_states = torch.randn(num_tokens,
+                                       num_heads * head_size,
+                                       dtype=dtype,
+                                       device="npu")
+    compiled_model = torch.compile(model, backend=custom_op_checking_backend)
+    stream = torch.npu.Stream()
+    stream.wait_stream(torch.npu.current_stream())
+    with torch.npu.stream(stream):
+        # warmup the fx graph before capture
+        for i in range(3):
+            static_output = compiled_model(static_positions,
+                                           static_hidden_states,
+                                           offsets=None)
+    stream.wait_stream(torch.npu.current_stream())
+
+    aclgraph = torch.npu.NPUGraph()
+
+    with torch.npu.graph(aclgraph):
+        # Capture the model in aclgraph.
+        static_output = compiled_model(static_positions, static_hidden_states)
+    # Capture the model in aclgraph.
+    random_filled_positions = torch.randint(0,
+                                            max_position_embeddings,
+                                            (num_tokens, ),
+                                            device="npu")
+    random_filled_hidden_states = torch.randn(num_tokens,
+                                              num_heads * head_size,
+                                              dtype=dtype,
+                                              device="npu")
+    static_positions.copy_(random_filled_positions)
+    static_hidden_states.copy_(random_filled_hidden_states)
+
+    aclgraph.replay()
+    global ACL_GRPAH_FIRST_RUN
+    if ACL_GRPAH_FIRST_RUN:
+        ACL_GRPAH_FIRST_RUN = False
+        return
+    output_reference = model(static_positions, static_hidden_states)
+    torch.testing.assert_close(static_output,
+                               output_reference,
+                               atol=DEFAULT_ATOL,
+                               rtol=DEFAULT_RTOL)

vllm_ascend/meta_registration.py

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import torch
+from torch.library import Library
+
+# This file provides a template and registration utilities for writing "meta" implementations
+# of custom operators in Python for the vllm_ascend project.
+#
+# We offer two ways to implement meta implementations for custom ops:
+#   1. Python meta implementation (as shown in this file): Write a Python function that
+#      takes the same arguments as your operator and returns empty tensors with the correct
+#      shapes and dtypes. This is useful for rapid prototyping and for ops that are only
+#      used in Python.
+#   2. C++ meta implementation: You can also implement the meta function in C++ for better
+#      performance or to match the C++ op logic more closely. See `torch_binding_meta.cpp`
+#      for examples of C++ meta implementations and how to register them.
+#
+# Both approaches enable tracing, export, and shape inference in PyTorch and vLLM, which
+# is essential for supporting `torch.compile` and aclgraph.
+
+# How to add a new meta implementation in Python:
+# -------------------------------------
+# 1. Write a Python function that takes the same arguments as your operator, and returns
+#    empty tensors (using torch.empty_like, torch.empty, etc.) with the correct shapes and dtypes.
+#    Do NOT perform any real computation or allocate device memory.
+#
+# 2. Register your meta function using `register_meta_if_necessary`, providing:
+#    - The namespace (usually "_C" for custom ops)
+#    - The operator name (as registered in C++)
+#    - The Python meta function
+#    - (Optional) The overload name, if your op has overloads
+#
+# 3. The registration utility will check if a meta implementation already exists for your op,
+#    and only register if necessary. This avoids duplicate registrations.
+#
+# 4. Example meta implementations are provided below for rotary_embedding and get_masked_input_and_mask.
+#
+# 5. When developing new custom ops, always provide a meta implementation to enable tracing,
+#    export, and shape inference in PyTorch and vLLM to enable the capture of `torch.compile`
+#    and aclgraph.
+#
+# For more details, see: https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/notes/extending.html#meta-tensors
+
+lib = Library("_C", "IMPL")
+
+
+def register_meta_if_necessary(ns: str, op_name: str, fn, overload: str = ""):
+    if overload != "":
+        op_name = op_name + "." + overload
+    schema_to_find = ns + "::" + op_name
+    meta_impl_list = torch._C._dispatch_get_registrations_for_dispatch_key(
+        "Meta")
+    if schema_to_find in meta_impl_list:
+        return
+    lib.impl(op_name, fn, "Meta")
+
+
+def rotary_embedding_meta(positions: torch.Tensor, query: torch.Tensor,
+                          key: torch.Tensor, head_size: int,
+                          cos_sin_cache: torch.Tensor, is_neox: bool):
+
+    num_tokens = positions.numel()
+    query_hidden_size = query.numel() // num_tokens
+    key_hidden_size = key.numel() // num_tokens
+    num_heads = query_hidden_size // head_size
+    num_kv_heads = key_hidden_size // head_size
+
+    query_dst = torch.empty_like(query).view(num_tokens, num_heads, head_size)
+    key_dst = torch.empty_like(key).view(num_tokens, num_kv_heads, head_size)
+    return query_dst, key_dst
+
+
+def get_masked_input_and_mask_meta(input: torch.Tensor,
+                                   org_vocab_start_index: int,
+                                   org_vocab_end_index: int,
+                                   num_org_vocab_padding: int,
+                                   added_vocab_start_index: int,
+                                   added_vocab_end_index: int):
+
+    masked_input = torch.empty_like(input)
+    mask = torch.empty_like(input).to(torch.bool)
+
+    return masked_input, mask
+
+
+register_meta_if_necessary("_C", "rotary_embedding", rotary_embedding_meta)
+register_meta_if_necessary("_C", "get_masked_input_and_mask",
+                           get_masked_input_and_mask_meta)

vllm_ascend/utils.py

@@ -214,8 +214,12 @@ def enable_custom_op():
     if _CUSTOM_OP_ENABLED is not None:
         return _CUSTOM_OP_ENABLED
     try:
+        # isort: off
         # register custom ops into torch_library here
         import vllm_ascend.vllm_ascend_C  # type: ignore  # noqa: F401
+        # register the meta implementation for custom kernel if necessary
+        import vllm_ascend.meta_registration  # type: ignore  # noqa: F401
+        # isort: on
         _CUSTOM_OP_ENABLED = True
     except ImportError:
         _CUSTOM_OP_ENABLED = False