native.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2022 Winsider Seminars & Solutions, Inc.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This file is part of System Informer.
 *
 * Authors:
 *
 *     wj32    2009-2016
 *     dmex    2017-2022
 *
 */

#include <ph.h>
#include <apiimport.h>
#include <kphuser.h>
#include <lsasup.h>
#include <mapimg.h>

#define PH_DEVICE_PREFIX_LENGTH 64
#define PH_DEVICE_MUP_PREFIX_MAX_COUNT 16

typedef BOOLEAN (NTAPI *PPHP_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_CALLBACK)(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY Entry,
    _In_ PVOID AddressOfEntry,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context1,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context2
    );

typedef BOOLEAN (NTAPI *PPHP_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES32_CALLBACK)(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY32 Entry,
    _In_ ULONG AddressOfEntry,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context1,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context2
    );

static PH_INITONCE PhDevicePrefixesInitOnce = PH_INITONCE_INIT;

static UNICODE_STRING PhDevicePrefixes[26];
static PH_QUEUED_LOCK PhDevicePrefixesLock = PH_QUEUED_LOCK_INIT;

static PPH_STRING PhDeviceMupPrefixes[PH_DEVICE_MUP_PREFIX_MAX_COUNT] = { 0 };
static ULONG PhDeviceMupPrefixesCount = 0;
static PH_QUEUED_LOCK PhDeviceMupPrefixesLock = PH_QUEUED_LOCK_INIT;

static PH_INITONCE PhPredefineKeyInitOnce = PH_INITONCE_INIT;
static UNICODE_STRING PhPredefineKeyNames[PH_KEY_MAXIMUM_PREDEFINE] =
{
    RTL_CONSTANT_STRING(L"\\Registry\\Machine"),
    RTL_CONSTANT_STRING(L"\\Registry\\User"),
    RTL_CONSTANT_STRING(L"\\Registry\\Machine\\Software\\Classes"),
    { 0, 0, NULL }
};
static HANDLE PhPredefineKeyHandles[PH_KEY_MAXIMUM_PREDEFINE] = { 0 };

/**
 * Queries information about the token of the current process.
 */
PH_TOKEN_ATTRIBUTES PhGetOwnTokenAttributes(
    VOID
    )
{
    static PH_INITONCE initOnce = PH_INITONCE_INIT;
    static PH_TOKEN_ATTRIBUTES attributes = { 0 };

    if (PhBeginInitOnce(&initOnce))
    {
        BOOLEAN elevated = TRUE;
        TOKEN_ELEVATION_TYPE elevationType = TokenElevationTypeFull;

        if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_8_1)
        {
            attributes.TokenHandle = NtCurrentProcessToken();
        }
        else
        {
            HANDLE tokenHandle;

            if (NT_SUCCESS(PhOpenProcessToken(NtCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_QUERY, &tokenHandle)))
                attributes.TokenHandle = tokenHandle;
        }

        if (attributes.TokenHandle)
        {
            PTOKEN_USER tokenUser;

            PhGetTokenIsElevated(attributes.TokenHandle, &elevated);
            PhGetTokenElevationType(attributes.TokenHandle, &elevationType);

            if (NT_SUCCESS(PhGetTokenUser(attributes.TokenHandle, &tokenUser)))
            {
                attributes.TokenSid = PhAllocateCopy(tokenUser->User.Sid, RtlLengthSid(tokenUser->User.Sid));
                PhFree(tokenUser);
            }
        }

        attributes.Elevated = elevated;
        attributes.ElevationType = elevationType;

        PhEndInitOnce(&initOnce);
    }

    return attributes;
}

/**
 * Opens a process.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A variable which receives a handle to the process.
 * \param DesiredAccess The desired access to the process.
 * \param ProcessId The ID of the process.
 */
NTSTATUS PhOpenProcess(
    _Out_ PHANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
    _In_opt_ HANDLE ProcessId
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
    CLIENT_ID clientId;
    KPH_LEVEL level;

    clientId.UniqueProcess = ProcessId;
    clientId.UniqueThread = NULL;

#ifdef _DEBUG
    if (ProcessId == NtCurrentProcessId())
    {
        *ProcessHandle = NtCurrentProcess();
        return STATUS_SUCCESS;
    }
#endif

    level = KphLevel();

    if ((level >= KphLevelMed) && (DesiredAccess & KPH_PROCESS_READ_ACCESS) == DesiredAccess)
    {
        status = KphOpenProcess(
            ProcessHandle,
            DesiredAccess,
            &clientId
            );
    }
    else
    {
        InitializeObjectAttributes(&objectAttributes, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
        status = NtOpenProcess(
            ProcessHandle,
            DesiredAccess,
            &objectAttributes,
            &clientId
            );

        if (status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED && (level == KphLevelMax))
        {
            status = KphOpenProcess(
                ProcessHandle,
                DesiredAccess,
                &clientId
                );
        }
    }

    return status;
}

/**
 * Opens a thread.
 *
 * \param ThreadHandle A variable which receives a handle to the thread.
 * \param DesiredAccess The desired access to the thread.
 * \param ThreadId The ID of the thread.
 */
NTSTATUS PhOpenThread(
    _Out_ PHANDLE ThreadHandle,
    _In_ ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadId
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
    CLIENT_ID clientId;
    KPH_LEVEL level;

    clientId.UniqueProcess = NULL;
    clientId.UniqueThread = ThreadId;

#ifdef _DEBUG
    if (ThreadId == NtCurrentThreadId())
    {
        *ThreadHandle = NtCurrentThread();
        return STATUS_SUCCESS;
    }
#endif

    level = KphLevel();

    if ((level >= KphLevelMed) && (DesiredAccess & KPH_THREAD_READ_ACCESS) == DesiredAccess)
    {
        status = KphOpenThread(
            ThreadHandle,
            DesiredAccess,
            &clientId
            );
    }
    else
    {
        InitializeObjectAttributes(&objectAttributes, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
        status = NtOpenThread(
            ThreadHandle,
            DesiredAccess,
            &objectAttributes,
            &clientId
            );

        if (status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED && (level == KphLevelMax))
        {
            status = KphOpenThread(
                ThreadHandle,
                DesiredAccess,
                &clientId
                );
        }
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhOpenThreadProcess(
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadHandle,
    _In_ ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
    _Out_ PHANDLE ProcessHandle
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    THREAD_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;
    KPH_LEVEL level;

    status = STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;

    level = KphLevel();

    if ((level == KphLevelMax) ||
        ((level >= KphLevelMed) &&
         ((DesiredAccess & KPH_PROCESS_READ_ACCESS) == DesiredAccess)))
    {
        status = KphOpenThreadProcess(
            ThreadHandle,
            DesiredAccess,
            ProcessHandle
            );
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhGetThreadBasicInformation(
        ThreadHandle,
        &basicInfo
        )))
        return status;

    return PhOpenProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        DesiredAccess,
        basicInfo.ClientId.UniqueProcess
        );
}

/**
 * Opens a process token.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process.
 * \param DesiredAccess The desired access to the token.
 * \param TokenHandle A variable which receives a handle to the token.
 */
NTSTATUS PhOpenProcessToken(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
    _Out_ PHANDLE TokenHandle
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    KPH_LEVEL level;

    level = KphLevel();

    if ((level >= KphLevelMed) && (DesiredAccess & KPH_TOKEN_READ_ACCESS) == DesiredAccess)
    {
        status = KphOpenProcessToken(
            ProcessHandle,
            DesiredAccess,
            TokenHandle
            );
    }
    else
    {
        status = NtOpenProcessToken(
            ProcessHandle,
            DesiredAccess,
            TokenHandle
            );

        if (status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED && (level == KphLevelMax))
        {
            status = KphOpenProcessToken(
                ProcessHandle,
                DesiredAccess,
                TokenHandle
                );
        }
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetObjectSecurity(
    _In_ HANDLE Handle,
    _In_ SECURITY_INFORMATION SecurityInformation,
    _Out_ PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *SecurityDescriptor
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    ULONG bufferSize;
    PVOID buffer;

    bufferSize = 0x100;
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
    // This is required (especially for File objects) because some drivers don't seem to handle
    // QuerySecurity properly. (wj32)
    memset(buffer, 0, bufferSize);

    status = NtQuerySecurityObject(
        Handle,
        SecurityInformation,
        buffer,
        bufferSize,
        &bufferSize
        );

    if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL)
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
        memset(buffer, 0, bufferSize);

        status = NtQuerySecurityObject(
            Handle,
            SecurityInformation,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            &bufferSize
            );
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        return status;
    }

    *SecurityDescriptor = (PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR)buffer;

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetObjectSecurity(
    _In_ HANDLE Handle,
    _In_ SECURITY_INFORMATION SecurityInformation,
    _In_ PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR SecurityDescriptor
    )
{
    return NtSetSecurityObject(
        Handle,
        SecurityInformation,
        SecurityDescriptor
        );
}

/**
 * Terminates a process.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have PROCESS_TERMINATE access.
 * \param ExitStatus A status value that indicates why the process is being terminated.
 */
NTSTATUS PhTerminateProcess(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ NTSTATUS ExitStatus
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;

    if (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax)
    {
        status = KphTerminateProcess(
            ProcessHandle,
            ExitStatus
            );

        if (status != STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED)
            return status;
    }

    return NtTerminateProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        ExitStatus
        );
}

// based on https://www.drdobbs.com/a-safer-alternative-to-terminateprocess/184416547 (dmex)
NTSTATUS PhTerminateProcessAlternative(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ NTSTATUS ExitStatus,
    _In_opt_ PLARGE_INTEGER Timeout
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
#ifdef _WIN64
    BOOLEAN isWow64;
#endif
    PVOID rtlExitUserProcess = NULL;
    HANDLE powerRequestHandle = NULL;
    HANDLE threadHandle = NULL;

#ifdef _WIN64
    status = PhGetProcessIsWow64(ProcessHandle, &isWow64);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    status = PhGetProcedureAddressRemote(
        ProcessHandle,
        isWow64 ? L"\\SystemRoot\\SysWow64\\ntdll.dll" : L"\\SystemRoot\\System32\\ntdll.dll",
        "RtlExitUserProcess",
        0,
        &rtlExitUserProcess,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;
#else
    status = PhGetProcedureAddressRemote(
        ProcessHandle,
        L"\\SystemRoot\\System32\\ntdll.dll",
        "RtlExitUserProcess",
        0,
        &rtlExitUserProcess,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;
#endif

    if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_8)
    {
        status = PhCreateExecutionRequiredRequest(ProcessHandle, &powerRequestHandle);

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            goto CleanupExit;
    }

    status = RtlCreateUserThread(
        ProcessHandle,
        NULL,
        FALSE,
        0,
        0,
        0,
        rtlExitUserProcess,
        LongToPtr(ExitStatus),
        &threadHandle,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    status = NtWaitForSingleObject(threadHandle, FALSE, Timeout);

CleanupExit:

    if (threadHandle)
    {
        NtClose(threadHandle);
    }

    if (powerRequestHandle)
    {
        PhDestroyExecutionRequiredRequest(powerRequestHandle);
    }

    return status;
}

/**
 * Queries variable-sized information for a process. The function allocates a buffer to contain the
 * information.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The access required depends on the information class
 * specified.
 * \param ProcessInformationClass The information class to retrieve.
 * \param Buffer A variable which receives a pointer to a buffer containing the information. You
 * must free the buffer using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhpQueryProcessVariableSize(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PROCESSINFOCLASS ProcessInformationClass,
    _Out_ PVOID *Buffer
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG returnLength = 0;

    status = NtQueryInformationProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessInformationClass,
        NULL,
        0,
        &returnLength
        );

    if (status != STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW && status != STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL && status != STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
        return status;

    buffer = PhAllocate(returnLength);
    status = NtQueryInformationProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessInformationClass,
        buffer,
        returnLength,
        &returnLength
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *Buffer = buffer;
    }
    else
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
    }

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets the file name of the process' image.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have
 * PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION access.
 * \param FileName A variable which receives a pointer to a string containing the file name. You
 * must free the string using PhDereferenceObject() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetProcessImageFileName(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PPH_STRING *FileName
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PUNICODE_STRING fileName;

    status = PhpQueryProcessVariableSize(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessImageFileName,
        &fileName
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    // Note: Some minimal/pico processes have UNICODE_NULL as their filename. (dmex)
    if (fileName->Length == 0)
    {
        PhFree(fileName);
        return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
    }

    *FileName = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(fileName);
    PhFree(fileName);

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets the Win32 file name of the process' image.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have
 * PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION access.
 * \param FileName A variable which receives a pointer to a string containing the file name. You
 * must free the string using PhDereferenceObject() when you no longer need it.
 *
 * \remarks This function is only available on Windows Vista and above.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetProcessImageFileNameWin32(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PPH_STRING *FileName
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PUNICODE_STRING fileName;
    ULONG bufferLength;
    ULONG returnLength = 0;

    bufferLength = sizeof(UNICODE_STRING) + DOS_MAX_PATH_LENGTH;
    fileName = PhAllocate(bufferLength);

    status = NtQueryInformationProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessImageFileNameWin32,
        fileName,
        bufferLength,
        &returnLength
        );

    if (status == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
    {
        PhFree(fileName);
        bufferLength = returnLength;
        fileName = PhAllocate(bufferLength);

        status = NtQueryInformationProcess(
            ProcessHandle,
            ProcessImageFileNameWin32,
            fileName,
            bufferLength,
            &returnLength
            );
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        PPH_STRING fileNameWin32;

        // Note: Some minimal/pico processes have UNICODE_NULL as their filename. (dmex)
        if (fileName->Length == 0)
        {
            PhFree(fileName);
            return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
        }

        // Note: ProcessImageFileNameWin32 returns the NT device path
        // instead of the Win32 path in cases were the disk volume driver
        // hasn't registerd with the volume manager and/or ignored the
        // mount manager ioctls (e.g. ImDisk). We workaround this issue
        // by calling PhGetFileName and resolving the NT device prefix. (dmex)

        fileNameWin32 = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(fileName);
        PhMoveReference(&fileNameWin32, PhGetFileName(fileNameWin32));
        *FileName = fileNameWin32;
    }

    PhFree(fileName);

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets the file name of the process' image by a PID.
 *
 * \param ProcessId A unique identifier of the process.
 * \param FullFileName A variable which receives a pointer to a string containing the full name
 * of the file. You must free the string using PhDereferenceObject() when you no longer need it.
 * \param FileName A variable which receives a pointer to a string containing the file name without
 * the path. You must free the string using PhDereferenceObject() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetProcessImageFileNameById(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessId,
    _Out_opt_ PPH_STRING *FullFileName,
    _Out_opt_ PPH_STRING *FileName
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    SYSTEM_PROCESS_ID_INFORMATION data;

    if (!FullFileName && !FileName)
        return STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_MIX;

    // On input, specify the PID and a buffer to hold the string.
    data.ProcessId = ProcessId;
    data.ImageName.Length = 0;
    data.ImageName.MaximumLength = 0x100;

    do
    {
        data.ImageName.Buffer = PhAllocateSafe(data.ImageName.MaximumLength);

        if (!data.ImageName.Buffer)
            return STATUS_NO_MEMORY;

        status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
            SystemProcessIdInformation,
            &data,
            sizeof(SYSTEM_PROCESS_ID_INFORMATION),
            NULL
            );

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            PhFree(data.ImageName.Buffer);

        // Repeat using the correct value the system put into MaximumLength
    } while (status == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    if (FullFileName)
        *FullFileName = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(&data.ImageName);

    if (FileName)
    {
        PH_STRINGREF stringRef;
        ULONG_PTR index;

        stringRef.Length = data.ImageName.Length;
        stringRef.Buffer = data.ImageName.Buffer;

        // Find where the name starts
        index = PhFindLastCharInStringRef(&stringRef, L'\\', FALSE);

        if (index == SIZE_MAX)
            *FileName = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(&data.ImageName);
        else
        {
            // Reference the tail only
            stringRef.Buffer = PTR_ADD_OFFSET(stringRef.Buffer, index * sizeof(WCHAR) + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL));
            stringRef.Length = stringRef.Length - index * sizeof(WCHAR) - sizeof(UNICODE_NULL);

            *FileName = PhCreateString2(&stringRef);
        }
    }

    PhFree(data.ImageName.Buffer);

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets the file name of a process' image.
 *
 * \param ProcessId The ID of the process.
 * \param FileName A variable which receives a pointer to a string containing the file name. You
 * must free the string using PhDereferenceObject() when you no longer need it.
 *
 * \remarks This function only works on Windows Vista and above. There does not appear to be any
 * access checking performed by the kernel for this.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetProcessImageFileNameByProcessId(
    _In_opt_ HANDLE ProcessId,
    _Out_ PPH_STRING *FileName
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    USHORT bufferSize = 0x100;
    SYSTEM_PROCESS_ID_INFORMATION processIdInfo;

    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    processIdInfo.ProcessId = ProcessId;
    processIdInfo.ImageName.Length = 0;
    processIdInfo.ImageName.MaximumLength = bufferSize;
    processIdInfo.ImageName.Buffer = buffer;

    status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
        SystemProcessIdInformation,
        &processIdInfo,
        sizeof(SYSTEM_PROCESS_ID_INFORMATION),
        NULL
        );

    if (status == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
    {
        // Required length is stored in MaximumLength.

        PhFree(buffer);
        buffer = PhAllocate(processIdInfo.ImageName.MaximumLength);
        processIdInfo.ImageName.Buffer = buffer;

        status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
            SystemProcessIdInformation,
            &processIdInfo,
            sizeof(SYSTEM_PROCESS_ID_INFORMATION),
            NULL
            );
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        return status;
    }

    // Note: Some minimal/pico processes have UNICODE_NULL as their filename. (dmex)
    if (processIdInfo.ImageName.Length == 0)
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
    }

    *FileName = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(&processIdInfo.ImageName);
    PhFree(buffer);

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets whether a process is being debugged.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION
 * access.
 * \param IsBeingDebugged A variable which receives a boolean indicating whether the process is
 * being debugged.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetProcessIsBeingDebugged(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PBOOLEAN IsBeingDebugged
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status = STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
    BOOLEAN isBeingDebugged = FALSE;
    PVOID debugHandle;

    status = NtQueryInformationProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessDebugPort,
        &debugHandle,
        sizeof(PVOID),
        NULL
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *IsBeingDebugged = !!debugHandle;
        return status;
    }

    if (KphLevel() >= KphLevelLow)
    {
        KPH_PROCESS_STATE processState;

        status = KphQueryInformationProcess(
            ProcessHandle,
            KphProcessStateInformation,
            &processState,
            sizeof(processState),
            NULL
            );

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
        {
            *IsBeingDebugged = !BooleanFlagOn(processState, KPH_PROCESS_NOT_BEING_DEBUGGED);
        }
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessDeviceMap(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PULONG DeviceMap
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
#ifndef _WIN64
    PROCESS_DEVICEMAP_INFORMATION deviceMapInfo;
#else
    PROCESS_DEVICEMAP_INFORMATION_EX deviceMapInfo;
#endif
    memset(&deviceMapInfo, 0, sizeof(deviceMapInfo));

    status = NtQueryInformationProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessDeviceMap,
        &deviceMapInfo,
        sizeof(deviceMapInfo),
        NULL
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        if (DeviceMap)
        {
            *DeviceMap = deviceMapInfo.Query.DriveMap;
        }
    }

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets a string stored in a process' parameters structure.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have
 * PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION and PROCESS_VM_READ access.
 * \param Offset The string to retrieve.
 * \param String A variable which receives a pointer to the requested string. You must free the
 * string using PhDereferenceObject() when you no longer need it.
 *
 * \retval STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_2 An invalid value was specified in the Offset parameter.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetProcessPebString(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PH_PEB_OFFSET Offset,
    _Out_ PPH_STRING *String
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PPH_STRING string;
    ULONG offset;

#define PEB_OFFSET_CASE(Enum, Field) \
    case Enum: offset = FIELD_OFFSET(RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS, Field); break; \
    case Enum | PhpoWow64: offset = FIELD_OFFSET(RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS32, Field); break

    switch (Offset)
    {
        PEB_OFFSET_CASE(PhpoCurrentDirectory, CurrentDirectory);
        PEB_OFFSET_CASE(PhpoDllPath, DllPath);
        PEB_OFFSET_CASE(PhpoImagePathName, ImagePathName);
        PEB_OFFSET_CASE(PhpoCommandLine, CommandLine);
        PEB_OFFSET_CASE(PhpoWindowTitle, WindowTitle);
        PEB_OFFSET_CASE(PhpoDesktopInfo, DesktopInfo);
        PEB_OFFSET_CASE(PhpoShellInfo, ShellInfo);
        PEB_OFFSET_CASE(PhpoRuntimeData, RuntimeData);
    default:
        return STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_2;
    }

    if (!(Offset & PhpoWow64))
    {
        PROCESS_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;
        PVOID processParameters;
        UNICODE_STRING unicodeString;

        // Get the PEB address.
        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhGetProcessBasicInformation(ProcessHandle, &basicInfo)))
            return status;

        // Read the address of the process parameters.
        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(basicInfo.PebBaseAddress, FIELD_OFFSET(PEB, ProcessParameters)),
            &processParameters,
            sizeof(PVOID),
            NULL
            )))
            return status;

        // Read the string structure.
        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(processParameters, offset),
            &unicodeString,
            sizeof(UNICODE_STRING),
            NULL
            )))
            return status;

        if (unicodeString.Length == 0)
        {
            *String = PhReferenceEmptyString();
            return status;
        }

        string = PhCreateStringEx(NULL, unicodeString.Length);

        // Read the string contents.
        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            unicodeString.Buffer,
            string->Buffer,
            string->Length,
            NULL
            )))
        {
            PhDereferenceObject(string);
            return status;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        PVOID peb32;
        ULONG processParameters32;
        UNICODE_STRING32 unicodeString32;

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhGetProcessPeb32(ProcessHandle, &peb32)))
            return status;

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(peb32, FIELD_OFFSET(PEB32, ProcessParameters)),
            &processParameters32,
            sizeof(ULONG),
            NULL
            )))
            return status;

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(processParameters32, offset),
            &unicodeString32,
            sizeof(UNICODE_STRING32),
            NULL
            )))
            return status;

        if (unicodeString32.Length == 0)
        {
            *String = PhReferenceEmptyString();
            return status;
        }

        string = PhCreateStringEx(NULL, unicodeString32.Length);

        // Read the string contents.
        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            UlongToPtr(unicodeString32.Buffer),
            string->Buffer,
            string->Length,
            NULL
            )))
        {
            PhDereferenceObject(string);
            return status;
        }
    }

    *String = string;

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets a process' command line.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have
 * PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION. Before Windows 8.1, the handle must also have PROCESS_VM_READ
 * access.
 * \param CommandLine A variable which receives a pointer to a string containing the command line. You
 * must free the string using PhDereferenceObject() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetProcessCommandLine(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PPH_STRING *CommandLine
    )
{
    if (ProcessHandle == NtCurrentProcess())
    {
        *CommandLine = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(&NtCurrentPeb()->ProcessParameters->CommandLine);
        return STATUS_SUCCESS;
    }

    if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_8_1)
    {
        NTSTATUS status;
        PUNICODE_STRING buffer;
        ULONG bufferLength;
        ULONG returnLength = 0;

        bufferLength = sizeof(UNICODE_STRING) + DOS_MAX_PATH_LENGTH;
        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferLength);

        status = NtQueryInformationProcess(
            ProcessHandle,
            ProcessCommandLineInformation,
            buffer,
            bufferLength,
            &returnLength
            );

        if (status == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
            bufferLength = returnLength;
            buffer = PhAllocate(bufferLength);

            status = NtQueryInformationProcess(
                ProcessHandle,
                ProcessCommandLineInformation,
                buffer,
                bufferLength,
                &returnLength
                );
        }

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
        {
            *CommandLine = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(buffer);
        }

        PhFree(buffer);

        return status;
    }

    return PhGetProcessPebString(ProcessHandle, PhpoCommandLine, CommandLine);
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessCommandLineStringRef(
    _Out_ PPH_STRINGREF CommandLine
    )
{
    PhUnicodeStringToStringRef(&NtCurrentPeb()->ProcessParameters->CommandLine, CommandLine);
    return STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessCurrentDirectory(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ BOOLEAN IsWow64,
    _Out_ PPH_STRING *CurrentDirectory
    )
{
    return PhGetProcessPebString(ProcessHandle, PhpoCurrentDirectory | (IsWow64 ? PhpoWow64 : 0), CurrentDirectory);
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessDesktopInfo(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PPH_STRING *DesktopInfo
    )
{
    return PhGetProcessPebString(ProcessHandle, PhpoDesktopInfo, DesktopInfo);
}

/**
 * Gets the window flags and window title of a process.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have
 * PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION. Before Windows 7 SP1, the handle must also have
 * PROCESS_VM_READ access.
 * \param WindowFlags A variable which receives the window flags.
 * \param WindowTitle A variable which receives a pointer to the window title. You must free the
 * string using PhDereferenceObject() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetProcessWindowTitle(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PULONG WindowFlags,
    _Out_ PPH_STRING *WindowTitle
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
#ifdef _WIN64
    BOOLEAN isWow64 = FALSE;
#endif
    ULONG windowFlags;
    PPROCESS_WINDOW_INFORMATION windowInfo;

    status = PhpQueryProcessVariableSize(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessWindowInformation,
        &windowInfo
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *WindowFlags = windowInfo->WindowFlags;
        *WindowTitle = PhCreateStringEx(windowInfo->WindowTitle, windowInfo->WindowTitleLength);
        PhFree(windowInfo);

        return status;
    }

#ifdef _WIN64
    PhGetProcessIsWow64(ProcessHandle, &isWow64);

    if (!isWow64)
#endif
    {
        PROCESS_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;
        PVOID processParameters;

        // Get the PEB address.
        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhGetProcessBasicInformation(ProcessHandle, &basicInfo)))
            return status;

        // Read the address of the process parameters.
        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(basicInfo.PebBaseAddress, FIELD_OFFSET(PEB, ProcessParameters)),
            &processParameters,
            sizeof(PVOID),
            NULL
            )))
            return status;

        // Read the window flags.
        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(processParameters, FIELD_OFFSET(RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS, WindowFlags)),
            &windowFlags,
            sizeof(ULONG),
            NULL
            )))
            return status;
    }
#ifdef _WIN64
    else
    {
        PVOID peb32;
        ULONG processParameters32;

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhGetProcessPeb32(ProcessHandle, &peb32)))
            return status;

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(peb32, FIELD_OFFSET(PEB32, ProcessParameters)),
            &processParameters32,
            sizeof(ULONG),
            NULL
            )))
            return status;

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(processParameters32, FIELD_OFFSET(RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS32, WindowFlags)),
            &windowFlags,
            sizeof(ULONG),
            NULL
            )))
            return status;
    }
#endif

#ifdef _WIN64
    status = PhGetProcessPebString(ProcessHandle, PhpoWindowTitle | (isWow64 ? PhpoWow64 : 0), WindowTitle);
#else
    status = PhGetProcessPebString(ProcessHandle, PhpoWindowTitle, WindowTitle);
#endif

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
        *WindowFlags = windowFlags;

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessDepStatus(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PULONG DepStatus
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    ULONG executeFlags;
    ULONG depStatus;

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhGetProcessExecuteFlags(
        ProcessHandle,
        &executeFlags
        )))
        return status;

    // Check if execution of data pages is enabled.
    if (executeFlags & MEM_EXECUTE_OPTION_ENABLE)
        depStatus = 0;
    else
        depStatus = PH_PROCESS_DEP_ENABLED;

    if (executeFlags & MEM_EXECUTE_OPTION_DISABLE_THUNK_EMULATION)
        depStatus |= PH_PROCESS_DEP_ATL_THUNK_EMULATION_DISABLED;
    if (executeFlags & MEM_EXECUTE_OPTION_PERMANENT)
        depStatus |= PH_PROCESS_DEP_PERMANENT;

    *DepStatus = depStatus;

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets a process' environment block.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION and
 * PROCESS_VM_READ access.
 * \param Flags A combination of flags.
 * \li \c PH_GET_PROCESS_ENVIRONMENT_WOW64 Retrieve the environment block from the WOW64 PEB.
 * \param Environment A variable which will receive a pointer to the environment block copied from
 * the process. You must free the block using PhFreePage() when you no longer need it.
 * \param EnvironmentLength A variable which will receive the length of the environment block, in
 * bytes.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetProcessEnvironment(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ ULONG Flags,
    _Out_ PVOID *Environment,
    _Out_ PULONG EnvironmentLength
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID environmentRemote;
    MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION mbi;
    PVOID environment;
    SIZE_T environmentLength;

    if (!(Flags & PH_GET_PROCESS_ENVIRONMENT_WOW64))
    {
        PROCESS_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;
        PVOID processParameters;

        status = PhGetProcessBasicInformation(ProcessHandle, &basicInfo);

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            return status;

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(basicInfo.PebBaseAddress, UFIELD_OFFSET(PEB, ProcessParameters)),
            &processParameters,
            sizeof(PVOID),
            NULL
            )))
            return status;

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(processParameters, UFIELD_OFFSET(RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS, Environment)),
            &environmentRemote,
            sizeof(PVOID),
            NULL
            )))
            return status;
    }
    else
    {
        PVOID peb32;
        ULONG processParameters32;
        ULONG environmentRemote32;

        status = PhGetProcessPeb32(ProcessHandle, &peb32);

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            return status;

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(peb32, UFIELD_OFFSET(PEB32, ProcessParameters)),
            &processParameters32,
            sizeof(ULONG),
            NULL
            )))
            return status;

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(processParameters32, UFIELD_OFFSET(RTL_USER_PROCESS_PARAMETERS32, Environment)),
            &environmentRemote32,
            sizeof(ULONG),
            NULL
            )))
            return status;

        environmentRemote = UlongToPtr(environmentRemote32);
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtQueryVirtualMemory(
        ProcessHandle,
        environmentRemote,
        MemoryBasicInformation,
        &mbi,
        sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION),
        NULL
        )))
        return status;

    // Read in the entire region of memory.

    environmentLength = (SIZE_T)PTR_SUB_OFFSET(mbi.RegionSize,
        PTR_SUB_OFFSET(environmentRemote, mbi.BaseAddress));

    environment = PhAllocatePage(environmentLength, NULL);

    if (!environment)
        return STATUS_NO_MEMORY;

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
        ProcessHandle,
        environmentRemote,
        environment,
        environmentLength,
        NULL
        )))
    {
        PhFreePage(environment);
        return status;
    }

    *Environment = environment;

    if (EnvironmentLength)
        *EnvironmentLength = (ULONG)environmentLength;

    return status;
}

_Success_(return)
BOOLEAN PhEnumProcessEnvironmentVariables(
    _In_ PVOID Environment,
    _In_ ULONG EnvironmentLength,
    _Inout_ PULONG EnumerationKey,
    _Out_ PPH_ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE Variable
    )
{
    ULONG length;
    ULONG startIndex;
    PWCHAR name;
    ULONG nameLength;
    PWCHAR value;
    ULONG valueLength;
    PWCHAR currentChar;
    ULONG currentIndex;

    length = EnvironmentLength / sizeof(WCHAR);

    currentIndex = *EnumerationKey;
    currentChar = PTR_ADD_OFFSET(Environment, currentIndex * sizeof(WCHAR));
    startIndex = currentIndex;
    name = currentChar;

    // Find the end of the name.
    while (TRUE)
    {
        if (currentIndex >= length)
            return FALSE;
        if (*currentChar == L'=' && startIndex != currentIndex)
            break; // equality sign is considered as a delimiter unless it is the first character (diversenok)
        if (*currentChar == UNICODE_NULL)
            return FALSE; // no more variables

        currentIndex++;
        currentChar++;
    }

    nameLength = currentIndex - startIndex;

    currentIndex++;
    currentChar++;
    startIndex = currentIndex;
    value = currentChar;

    // Find the end of the value.
    while (TRUE)
    {
        if (currentIndex >= length)
            return FALSE;
        if (*currentChar == UNICODE_NULL)
            break;

        currentIndex++;
        currentChar++;
    }

    valueLength = currentIndex - startIndex;

    currentIndex++;
    *EnumerationKey = currentIndex;

    Variable->Name.Buffer = name;
    Variable->Name.Length = nameLength * sizeof(WCHAR);
    Variable->Value.Buffer = value;
    Variable->Value.Length = valueLength * sizeof(WCHAR);

    return TRUE;
}

NTSTATUS PhQueryEnvironmentVariable(
    _In_opt_ PVOID Environment,
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF Name,
    _Out_opt_ PPH_STRING* Value
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    UNICODE_STRING variableName;
    UNICODE_STRING variableValue;

    PhStringRefToUnicodeString(Name, &variableName);

    if (Value)
    {
        variableValue.Length = 0x100 * sizeof(WCHAR);
        variableValue.MaximumLength = variableValue.Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL);
        variableValue.Buffer = PhAllocate(variableValue.MaximumLength);
    }
    else
    {
        RtlInitEmptyUnicodeString(&variableValue, NULL, 0);
    }

    status = RtlQueryEnvironmentVariable_U(
        Environment,
        &variableName,
        &variableValue
        );

    if (Value && status == STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL)
    {
        if (variableValue.Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL) > UNICODE_STRING_MAX_BYTES)
            variableValue.MaximumLength = variableValue.Length;
        else
            variableValue.MaximumLength = variableValue.Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL);

        PhFree(variableValue.Buffer);
        variableValue.Buffer = PhAllocate(variableValue.MaximumLength);

        status = RtlQueryEnvironmentVariable_U(
            Environment,
            &variableName,
            &variableValue
            );
    }

    if (Value && NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *Value = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(&variableValue);
    }

    if (Value && variableValue.Buffer)
    {
        PhFree(variableValue.Buffer);
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetEnvironmentVariable(
    _In_opt_ PVOID Environment,
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF Name,
    _In_opt_ PPH_STRINGREF Value
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    UNICODE_STRING variableNameUs;
    UNICODE_STRING variableValueUs;

    PhStringRefToUnicodeString(Name, &variableNameUs);

    if (Value)
        PhStringRefToUnicodeString(Value, &variableValueUs);
    else
        RtlInitEmptyUnicodeString(&variableValueUs, NULL, 0);

    status = RtlSetEnvironmentVariable(
        Environment,
        &variableNameUs,
        &variableValueUs
        );

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets the file name of a mapped section.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION
 * access.
 * \param BaseAddress The base address of the section view.
 * \param FileName A variable which receives a pointer to a string containing the file name of the
 * section. You must free the string using PhDereferenceObject() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetProcessMappedFileName(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PVOID BaseAddress,
    _Out_ PPH_STRING *FileName
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    SIZE_T bufferSize;
    SIZE_T returnLength;
    PUNICODE_STRING buffer;

    returnLength = 0;
    bufferSize = 0x100;
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    status = NtQueryVirtualMemory(
        ProcessHandle,
        BaseAddress,
        MemoryMappedFilenameInformation,
        buffer,
        bufferSize,
        &returnLength
        );

    if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW && returnLength > 0) // returnLength > 0 required for MemoryMappedFilename on Windows 7 SP1 (dmex)
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        bufferSize = returnLength;
        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

        status = NtQueryVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            BaseAddress,
            MemoryMappedFilenameInformation,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            &returnLength
            );
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        return status;
    }

    *FileName = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(buffer);
    PhFree(buffer);

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets working set information for a process.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION
 * access.
 * \param WorkingSetInformation A variable which receives a pointer to the information. You must
 * free the buffer using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetProcessWorkingSetInformation(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PMEMORY_WORKING_SET_INFORMATION *WorkingSetInformation
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PMEMORY_WORKING_SET_INFORMATION buffer;
    SIZE_T bufferSize;
    ULONG attempts = 0;

    bufferSize = 0x8000;
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    status = NtQueryVirtualMemory(
        ProcessHandle,
        NULL,
        MemoryWorkingSetInformation,
        buffer,
        bufferSize,
        NULL
        );

    while (status == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH && attempts < 8)
    {
        bufferSize = UFIELD_OFFSET(MEMORY_WORKING_SET_INFORMATION, WorkingSetInfo[buffer->NumberOfEntries]);
        PhFree(buffer);
        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

        status = NtQueryVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            NULL,
            MemoryWorkingSetInformation,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            NULL
            );

        attempts++;
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        // Fall back to using the previous code that we've used since Windows 7 (dmex)
        bufferSize = 0x8000;
        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

        while ((status = NtQueryVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            NULL,
            MemoryWorkingSetInformation,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            NULL
            )) == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
            bufferSize *= 2;

            // Fail if we're resizing the buffer to something very large.
            if (bufferSize > PH_LARGE_BUFFER_SIZE)
                return STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;

            buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
        }
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        return status;
    }

    *WorkingSetInformation = (PMEMORY_WORKING_SET_INFORMATION)buffer;

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets working set counters for a process.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION
 * access.
 * \param WsCounters A variable which receives the counters.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetProcessWsCounters(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PPH_PROCESS_WS_COUNTERS WsCounters
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PMEMORY_WORKING_SET_INFORMATION wsInfo;
    PH_PROCESS_WS_COUNTERS wsCounters;
    ULONG_PTR i;

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhGetProcessWorkingSetInformation(
        ProcessHandle,
        &wsInfo
        )))
        return status;

    memset(&wsCounters, 0, sizeof(PH_PROCESS_WS_COUNTERS));

    for (i = 0; i < wsInfo->NumberOfEntries; i++)
    {
        wsCounters.NumberOfPages++;

        if (wsInfo->WorkingSetInfo[i].ShareCount > 1)
            wsCounters.NumberOfSharedPages++;
        if (wsInfo->WorkingSetInfo[i].ShareCount == 0)
            wsCounters.NumberOfPrivatePages++;
        if (wsInfo->WorkingSetInfo[i].Shared)
            wsCounters.NumberOfShareablePages++;
    }

    PhFree(wsInfo);

    *WsCounters = wsCounters;

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessUnloadedDlls(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessId,
    _Out_ PVOID *EventTrace,
    _Out_ ULONG *EventTraceSize,
    _Out_ ULONG *EventTraceCount
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PULONG elementSize;
    PULONG elementCount;
    PVOID eventTrace;
    HANDLE processHandle = NULL;
    ULONG eventTraceSize;
    ULONG capturedElementSize;
    ULONG capturedElementCount;
    PVOID capturedEventTracePointer;
    PVOID capturedEventTrace = NULL;

    RtlGetUnloadEventTraceEx(&elementSize, &elementCount, &eventTrace);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhOpenProcess(&processHandle, PROCESS_VM_READ, ProcessId)))
        goto CleanupExit;

    // We have the pointers for the unload event trace information.
    // Since ntdll is loaded at the same base address across all processes,
    // we can read the information in.

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
        processHandle,
        elementSize,
        &capturedElementSize,
        sizeof(ULONG),
        NULL
        )))
        goto CleanupExit;

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
        processHandle,
        elementCount,
        &capturedElementCount,
        sizeof(ULONG),
        NULL
        )))
        goto CleanupExit;

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
        processHandle,
        eventTrace,
        &capturedEventTracePointer,
        sizeof(PVOID),
        NULL
        )))
        goto CleanupExit;

    if (!capturedEventTracePointer)
    {
        status = STATUS_NOT_FOUND; // no events
        goto CleanupExit;
    }

    if (capturedElementCount > 0x4000)
        capturedElementCount = 0x4000;

    eventTraceSize = capturedElementSize * capturedElementCount;
    capturedEventTrace = PhAllocateSafe(eventTraceSize);

    if (!capturedEventTrace)
    {
        status = STATUS_NO_MEMORY;
        goto CleanupExit;
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
        processHandle,
        capturedEventTracePointer,
        capturedEventTrace,
        eventTraceSize,
        NULL
        )))
        goto CleanupExit;

CleanupExit:

    if (processHandle)
        NtClose(processHandle);

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *EventTrace = capturedEventTrace;
        *EventTraceSize = capturedElementSize;
        *EventTraceCount = capturedElementCount;
    }
    else
    {
        if (capturedEventTrace)
            PhFree(capturedEventTrace);
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhTraceControl(
    _In_ TRACE_CONTROL_INFORMATION_CLASS TraceInformationClass,
    _In_reads_bytes_opt_(InputBufferLength) PVOID InputBuffer,
    _In_ ULONG InputBufferLength,
    _Out_opt_ PVOID *TraceInformation,
    _Out_opt_ PULONG TraceInformationLength
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer = NULL;
    ULONG bufferLength = 0;
    ULONG returnLength = 0;

    if (!NtTraceControl_Import())
        return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;

    status = NtTraceControl_Import()(
        TraceInformationClass,
        InputBuffer,
        InputBufferLength,
        buffer,
        bufferLength,
        &returnLength
        );

    if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL)
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        bufferLength = returnLength;
        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferLength);

        status = NtTraceControl_Import()(
            TraceInformationClass,
            InputBuffer,
            InputBufferLength,
            buffer,
            bufferLength,
            &bufferLength
            );
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        if (TraceInformation)
            *TraceInformation = buffer;
        if (TraceInformationLength)
            *TraceInformationLength = bufferLength;
    }
    else
    {
        if (buffer)
            PhFree(buffer);
    }

    return status;
}

/**
 * Causes a process to load a DLL.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have
 * PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, PROCESS_CREATE_THREAD, PROCESS_VM_OPERATION, PROCESS_VM_READ
 * and PROCESS_VM_WRITE access.
 * \param FileName The file name of the DLL to inject.
 * \param Timeout The timeout, in milliseconds, for the process to load the DLL.
 *
 * \remarks If the process does not load the DLL before the timeout expires it may crash. Choose the
 * timeout value carefully.
 */
NTSTATUS PhLoadDllProcess(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF FileName,
    _In_opt_ PLARGE_INTEGER Timeout
    )
{
#ifdef _WIN64
    BOOLEAN isWow64 = FALSE;
#endif
    NTSTATUS status;
    SIZE_T fileNameAllocationSize = 0;
    PVOID fileNameBaseAddress = NULL;
    PVOID loadLibraryW = NULL;
    HANDLE threadHandle = NULL;
    HANDLE powerRequestHandle = NULL;

    if (KphProcessLevel(ProcessHandle) > KphLevelMed)
    {
        return STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED;
    }

#ifdef _WIN64
    status = PhGetProcessIsWow64(ProcessHandle, &isWow64);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    status = PhGetProcedureAddressRemote(
        ProcessHandle,
        isWow64 ? L"\\SystemRoot\\SysWow64\\kernel32.dll" : L"\\SystemRoot\\System32\\kernel32.dll",
        "LoadLibraryW",
        0,
        &loadLibraryW,
        NULL
        );
#else
    status = PhGetProcedureAddressRemote(
        ProcessHandle,
        L"\\SystemRoot\\System32\\kernel32.dll",
        "LoadLibraryW",
        0,
        &loadLibraryW,
        NULL
        );
#endif

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    fileNameAllocationSize = FileName->Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL);
    status = NtAllocateVirtualMemory(
        ProcessHandle,
        &fileNameBaseAddress,
        0,
        &fileNameAllocationSize,
        MEM_COMMIT,
        PAGE_READWRITE
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    status = NtWriteVirtualMemory(
        ProcessHandle,
        fileNameBaseAddress,
        FileName->Buffer,
        FileName->Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL),
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_8)
    {
        status = PhCreateExecutionRequiredRequest(ProcessHandle, &powerRequestHandle);

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            goto CleanupExit;
    }

    status = RtlCreateUserThread(
        ProcessHandle,
        NULL,
        FALSE,
        0,
        0,
        0,
        loadLibraryW,
        fileNameBaseAddress,
        &threadHandle,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    status = NtWaitForSingleObject(threadHandle, FALSE, Timeout);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

CleanupExit:
    if (threadHandle)
        NtClose(threadHandle);

    if (powerRequestHandle)
        PhDestroyExecutionRequiredRequest(powerRequestHandle);

    fileNameAllocationSize = 0;
    NtFreeVirtualMemory(
        ProcessHandle,
        &fileNameBaseAddress,
        &fileNameAllocationSize,
        MEM_RELEASE
        );

    return status;
}

/**
 * Causes a process to unload a DLL.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have
 * PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, PROCESS_CREATE_THREAD, PROCESS_VM_OPERATION, PROCESS_VM_READ
 * and PROCESS_VM_WRITE access.
 * \param BaseAddress The base address of the DLL to unload.
 * \param Timeout The timeout, in milliseconds, for the process to unload the DLL.
 */
NTSTATUS PhUnloadDllProcess(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PVOID BaseAddress,
    _In_opt_ PLARGE_INTEGER Timeout
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
#ifdef _WIN64
    BOOLEAN isWow64 = FALSE;
    BOOLEAN isModule32 = FALSE;
#endif
    HANDLE threadHandle;
    HANDLE powerRequestHandle = NULL;
    THREAD_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;
    PVOID threadStart;

#ifdef _WIN64
    PhGetProcessIsWow64(ProcessHandle, &isWow64);
#endif

    // No point trying to set the load count on Windows 8 and higher, because NT now uses a DAG of
    // loader nodes.
    if (WindowsVersion < WINDOWS_8)
    {
        status = PhSetProcessModuleLoadCount(
            ProcessHandle,
            BaseAddress,
            1
            );

#ifdef _WIN64
        if (isWow64 && status == STATUS_DLL_NOT_FOUND)
        {
            // The DLL might be 32-bit.
            status = PhSetProcessModuleLoadCount32(
                ProcessHandle,
                BaseAddress,
                1
                );

            if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
                isModule32 = TRUE;
        }
#endif
        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            return status;
    }

#ifdef _WIN64
    status = PhGetProcedureAddressRemote(
        ProcessHandle,
        isWow64 ? L"\\SystemRoot\\SysWow64\\ntdll.dll" : L"\\SystemRoot\\System32\\ntdll.dll",
        "LdrUnloadDll",
        0,
        &threadStart,
        NULL
        );
#else
    status = PhGetProcedureAddressRemote(
        ProcessHandle,
        L"\\SystemRoot\\System32\\ntdll.dll",
        "LdrUnloadDll",
        0,
        &threadStart,
        NULL
        );
#endif

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_8)
    {
        status = PhCreateExecutionRequiredRequest(ProcessHandle, &powerRequestHandle);

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            return status;
    }

    status = RtlCreateUserThread(
        ProcessHandle,
        NULL,
        FALSE,
        0,
        0,
        0,
        threadStart,
        BaseAddress,
        &threadHandle,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    status = NtWaitForSingleObject(threadHandle, FALSE, Timeout);

    if (status == STATUS_WAIT_0)
    {
        status = PhGetThreadBasicInformation(threadHandle, &basicInfo);

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
            status = basicInfo.ExitStatus;
    }

    NtClose(threadHandle);

    if (powerRequestHandle)
        PhDestroyExecutionRequiredRequest(powerRequestHandle);

    return status;
}

/**
 * Sets an environment variable in a process.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have
 * PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, PROCESS_CREATE_THREAD, PROCESS_VM_OPERATION, PROCESS_VM_READ
 * and PROCESS_VM_WRITE access.
 * \param Name The name of the environment variable to set.
 * \param Value The new value of the environment variable. If this parameter is NULL, the
 * environment variable is deleted.
 * \param Timeout The timeout, in milliseconds, for the process to set the environment variable.
 */
NTSTATUS PhSetEnvironmentVariableRemote(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF Name,
    _In_opt_ PPH_STRINGREF Value,
    _In_opt_ PLARGE_INTEGER Timeout
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
#ifdef _WIN64
    BOOLEAN isWow64;
#endif
    THREAD_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInformation;
    PVOID nameBaseAddress = NULL;
    PVOID valueBaseAddress = NULL;
    SIZE_T nameAllocationSize = 0;
    SIZE_T valueAllocationSize = 0;
    PVOID rtlExitUserThread = NULL;
    PVOID setEnvironmentVariableW = NULL;
    HANDLE threadHandle = NULL;
    HANDLE powerRequestHandle = NULL;

    nameAllocationSize = Name->Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL);

    if (Value)
        valueAllocationSize = Value->Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL);

#ifdef _WIN64
    status = PhGetProcessIsWow64(ProcessHandle, &isWow64);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    status = PhGetProcedureAddressRemote(
        ProcessHandle,
        isWow64 ? L"\\SystemRoot\\SysWow64\\ntdll.dll" : L"\\SystemRoot\\System32\\ntdll.dll",
        "RtlExitUserThread",
        0,
        &rtlExitUserThread,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    status = PhGetProcedureAddressRemote(
        ProcessHandle,
        isWow64 ? L"\\SystemRoot\\SysWow64\\kernel32.dll" : L"\\SystemRoot\\System32\\kernel32.dll",
        "SetEnvironmentVariableW",
        0,
        &setEnvironmentVariableW,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;
#else
    status = PhGetProcedureAddressRemote(
        ProcessHandle,
        L"\\SystemRoot\\System32\\ntdll.dll",
        "RtlExitUserThread",
        0,
        &rtlExitUserThread,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    status = PhGetProcedureAddressRemote(
        ProcessHandle,
        L"\\SystemRoot\\System32\\kernel32.dll",
        "SetEnvironmentVariableW",
        0,
        &setEnvironmentVariableW,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;
#endif

    status = NtAllocateVirtualMemory(
        ProcessHandle,
        &nameBaseAddress,
        0,
        &nameAllocationSize,
        MEM_COMMIT,
        PAGE_READWRITE
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    status = NtWriteVirtualMemory(
        ProcessHandle,
        nameBaseAddress,
        Name->Buffer,
        Name->Length,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    if (Value)
    {
        status = NtAllocateVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            &valueBaseAddress,
            0,
            &valueAllocationSize,
            MEM_COMMIT,
            PAGE_READWRITE
            );

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            goto CleanupExit;

        status = NtWriteVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            valueBaseAddress,
            Value->Buffer,
            Value->Length,
            NULL
            );

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            goto CleanupExit;
    }

    if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_8)
    {
        status = PhCreateExecutionRequiredRequest(ProcessHandle, &powerRequestHandle);

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            goto CleanupExit;
    }

    status = RtlCreateUserThread(
        ProcessHandle,
        NULL,
        TRUE,
        0,
        0,
        0,
        rtlExitUserThread,
        LongToPtr(STATUS_SUCCESS),
        &threadHandle,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

#ifdef _WIN64
    if (isWow64)
    {
        status = RtlQueueApcWow64Thread(
            threadHandle,
            setEnvironmentVariableW,
            nameBaseAddress,
            valueBaseAddress,
            NULL
            );
    }
    else
    {
#endif
        status = NtQueueApcThread(
            threadHandle,
            setEnvironmentVariableW,
            nameBaseAddress,
            valueBaseAddress,
            NULL
            );
#ifdef _WIN64
    }
#endif
    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    status = NtResumeThread(threadHandle, NULL); // Execute the pending APC (dmex)

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    status = NtWaitForSingleObject(threadHandle, FALSE, Timeout);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    status = PhGetThreadBasicInformation(threadHandle, &basicInformation);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    status = basicInformation.ExitStatus;

CleanupExit:

    if (threadHandle)
    {
        NtClose(threadHandle);
    }

    if (powerRequestHandle)
    {
        PhDestroyExecutionRequiredRequest(powerRequestHandle);
    }

    if (nameBaseAddress)
    {
        nameAllocationSize = 0;
        NtFreeVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            &nameBaseAddress,
            &nameAllocationSize,
            MEM_RELEASE
            );
    }

    if (valueBaseAddress)
    {
        valueAllocationSize = 0;
        NtFreeVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            &valueBaseAddress,
            &valueAllocationSize,
            MEM_RELEASE
            );
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetJobProcessIdList(
    _In_ HANDLE JobHandle,
    _Out_ PJOBOBJECT_BASIC_PROCESS_ID_LIST *ProcessIdList
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize = 0x100;

    do
    {
        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

        status = NtQueryInformationJobObject(
            JobHandle,
            JobObjectBasicProcessIdList,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            &bufferSize
            );

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
        {
            *ProcessIdList = (PJOBOBJECT_BASIC_PROCESS_ID_LIST)buffer;
        }
        else
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
        }

    } while (status == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetJobBasicAndIoAccounting(
    _In_ HANDLE JobHandle,
    _Out_ PJOBOBJECT_BASIC_AND_IO_ACCOUNTING_INFORMATION BasicAndIoAccounting
    )
{
    return NtQueryInformationJobObject(
        JobHandle,
        JobObjectBasicAndIoAccountingInformation,
        BasicAndIoAccounting,
        sizeof(JOBOBJECT_BASIC_AND_IO_ACCOUNTING_INFORMATION),
        NULL
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhGetJobBasicLimits(
    _In_ HANDLE JobHandle,
    _Out_ PJOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION BasicLimits
    )
{
    return NtQueryInformationJobObject(
        JobHandle,
        JobObjectBasicLimitInformation,
        BasicLimits,
        sizeof(JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION),
        NULL
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhGetJobExtendedLimits(
    _In_ HANDLE JobHandle,
    _Out_ PJOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION ExtendedLimits
    )
{
    return NtQueryInformationJobObject(
        JobHandle,
        JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation,
        ExtendedLimits,
        sizeof(JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION),
        NULL
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhGetJobBasicUiRestrictions(
    _In_ HANDLE JobHandle,
    _Out_ PJOBOBJECT_BASIC_UI_RESTRICTIONS BasicUiRestrictions
    )
{
    return NtQueryInformationJobObject(
        JobHandle,
        JobObjectBasicUIRestrictions,
        BasicUiRestrictions,
        sizeof(JOBOBJECT_BASIC_UI_RESTRICTIONS),
        NULL
        );
}

/**
 * Queries variable-sized information for a token. The function allocates a buffer to contain the
 * information.
 *
 * \param TokenHandle A handle to a token. The access required depends on the information class
 * specified.
 * \param TokenInformationClass The information class to retrieve.
 * \param Buffer A variable which receives a pointer to a buffer containing the information. You
 * must free the buffer using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhpQueryTokenVariableSize(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _In_ TOKEN_INFORMATION_CLASS TokenInformationClass,
    _Out_ PVOID *Buffer
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize;
    ULONG returnLength;

    returnLength = 0;
    bufferSize = 0x80;
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    status = NtQueryInformationToken(
        TokenHandle,
        TokenInformationClass,
        buffer,
        bufferSize,
        &returnLength
        );

    if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW || status == STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL)
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        bufferSize = returnLength;
        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

        status = NtQueryInformationToken(
            TokenHandle,
            TokenInformationClass,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            &returnLength
            );
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *Buffer = buffer;
    }
    else
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
    }

    return status;
}

/**
 * Queries variable-sized information for a token. The function allocates a buffer to contain the
 * information.
 *
 * \param TokenHandle A handle to a token. The access required depends on the information class
 * specified.
 * \param TokenInformationClass The information class to retrieve.
 * \param Buffer A variable which receives a pointer to a buffer containing the information. You
 * must free the buffer using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhQueryTokenVariableSize(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _In_ TOKEN_INFORMATION_CLASS TokenInformationClass,
    _Out_ PVOID *Buffer
    )
{
    return PhpQueryTokenVariableSize(
        TokenHandle,
        TokenInformationClass,
        Buffer
        );
}

/**
 * Gets a token's user.
 *
 * \param TokenHandle A handle to a token. The handle must have TOKEN_QUERY access.
 * \param User A variable which receives a pointer to a structure containing the token's user. You
 * must free the structure using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetTokenUser(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _Out_ PTOKEN_USER *User
    )
{
    return PhpQueryTokenVariableSize(
        TokenHandle,
        TokenUser,
        User
        );
}

/**
 * Gets a token's owner.
 *
 * \param TokenHandle A handle to a token. The handle must have TOKEN_QUERY access.
 * \param Owner A variable which receives a pointer to a structure containing the token's owner. You
 * must free the structure using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetTokenOwner(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _Out_ PTOKEN_OWNER *Owner
    )
{
    return PhpQueryTokenVariableSize(
        TokenHandle,
        TokenOwner,
        Owner
        );
}

/**
 * Gets a token's primary group.
 *
 * \param TokenHandle A handle to a token. The handle must have TOKEN_QUERY access.
 * \param PrimaryGroup A variable which receives a pointer to a structure containing the token's
 * primary group. You must free the structure using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetTokenPrimaryGroup(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _Out_ PTOKEN_PRIMARY_GROUP *PrimaryGroup
    )
{
    return PhpQueryTokenVariableSize(
        TokenHandle,
        TokenPrimaryGroup,
        PrimaryGroup
        );
}

/**
 * Gets a token's groups.
 *
 * \param TokenHandle A handle to a token. The handle must have TOKEN_QUERY access.
 * \param Groups A variable which receives a pointer to a structure containing the token's groups.
 * You must free the structure using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetTokenGroups(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _Out_ PTOKEN_GROUPS *Groups
    )
{
    return PhpQueryTokenVariableSize(
        TokenHandle,
        TokenGroups,
        Groups
        );
}

/**
 * Get a token's restricted SIDs.
 *
 * \param TokenHandle A handle to a token. The handle must have TOKEN_QUERY access.
 * \param RestrictedSids A variable which receives a pointer to a structure containing the token's restricted SIDs.
 * You must free the structure using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetTokenRestrictedSids(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _Out_ PTOKEN_GROUPS* RestrictedSids
)
{
    return PhpQueryTokenVariableSize(
        TokenHandle,
        TokenRestrictedSids,
        RestrictedSids
        );
}

/**
 * Gets a token's privileges.
 *
 * \param TokenHandle A handle to a token. The handle must have TOKEN_QUERY access.
 * \param Privileges A variable which receives a pointer to a structure containing the token's
 * privileges. You must free the structure using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetTokenPrivileges(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _Out_ PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES *Privileges
    )
{
    return PhpQueryTokenVariableSize(
        TokenHandle,
        TokenPrivileges,
        Privileges
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhGetTokenTrustLevel(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _Out_ PTOKEN_PROCESS_TRUST_LEVEL *TrustLevel
    )
{
    return PhpQueryTokenVariableSize(
        TokenHandle,
        TokenProcessTrustLevel,
        TrustLevel
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhGetTokenAppContainerSid(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _Out_ PSID* AppContainerSid
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PTOKEN_APPCONTAINER_INFORMATION appContainerInfo;

    status = PhpQueryTokenVariableSize(
        TokenHandle,
        TokenAppContainerSid,
        &appContainerInfo
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        if (appContainerInfo->TokenAppContainer)
        {
            *AppContainerSid = PhAllocateCopy(appContainerInfo->TokenAppContainer, RtlLengthSid(appContainerInfo->TokenAppContainer));
        }
        else
        {
            status = STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
        }

        PhFree(appContainerInfo);
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetTokenSecurityAttributes(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _Out_ PTOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES_INFORMATION* SecurityAttributes
    )
{
    return PhpQueryTokenVariableSize(
        TokenHandle,
        TokenSecurityAttributes,
        SecurityAttributes
        );
}

PTOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTE_V1 PhFindTokenSecurityAttributeName(
    _In_ PTOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES_INFORMATION Attributes,
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF AttributeName
    )
{
    for (ULONG i = 0; i < Attributes->AttributeCount; i++)
    {
        PTOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTE_V1 attribute = &Attributes->Attribute.pAttributeV1[i];
        PH_STRINGREF attributeName;

        PhUnicodeStringToStringRef(&attribute->Name, &attributeName);

        if (PhEqualStringRef(&attributeName, AttributeName, FALSE))
        {
            return attribute;
        }
    }

    return NULL;
}

BOOLEAN PhIsTokenFullTrustPackage(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle
    )
{
    static PH_STRINGREF attributeName = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"WIN://SYSAPPID");
    PTOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES_INFORMATION info;
    BOOLEAN tokenIsAppContainer = FALSE;
    BOOLEAN tokenHasAppId = FALSE;

    if (NT_SUCCESS(PhGetTokenIsAppContainer(TokenHandle, &tokenIsAppContainer)))
    {
        if (tokenIsAppContainer)
            return FALSE;
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(PhGetTokenSecurityAttributes(TokenHandle, &info)))
    {
        PTOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTE_V1 attribute = PhFindTokenSecurityAttributeName(info, &attributeName);

        if (attribute && attribute->ValueType == TOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_STRING)
        {
            tokenHasAppId = TRUE;
        }

        PhFree(info);
    }

    return tokenHasAppId;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetTokenIsLessPrivilegedAppContainer(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _Out_ PBOOLEAN IsLessPrivilegedAppContainer
    )
{
    static PH_STRINGREF attributeName = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"WIN://NOALLAPPPKG");
    PTOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES_INFORMATION info;
    NTSTATUS status;

    status = PhGetTokenSecurityAttributes(TokenHandle, &info);

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        PTOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTE_V1 attribute = PhFindTokenSecurityAttributeName(info, &attributeName);

        if (attribute && attribute->ValueType == TOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_UINT64)
        {
            *IsLessPrivilegedAppContainer = TRUE; // attribute->Values.pUint64[0] == 1;
        }
        else
        {
            status = STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
        }

        PhFree(info);
    }

    // TODO: NtQueryInformationToken(TokenIsLessPrivilegedAppContainer);

    return status;
}

ULONG64 PhGetTokenSecurityAttributeValueUlong64(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF Name,
    _In_ ULONG ValueIndex
    )
{
    ULONG64 value = MAXULONG64;
    PTOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES_INFORMATION info;

    if (NT_SUCCESS(PhGetTokenSecurityAttributes(TokenHandle, &info)))
    {
        PTOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTE_V1 attribute = PhFindTokenSecurityAttributeName(info, Name);

        if (attribute && attribute->ValueType == TOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_UINT64 && ValueIndex < attribute->ValueCount)
        {
            value = attribute->Values.pUint64[ValueIndex];
        }

        PhFree(info);
    }

    return value;
}

PPH_STRING PhGetTokenSecurityAttributeValueString(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF Name,
    _In_ ULONG ValueIndex
    )
{
    PPH_STRING value = NULL;
    PTOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES_INFORMATION info;

    if (NT_SUCCESS(PhGetTokenSecurityAttributes(TokenHandle, &info)))
    {
        PTOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTE_V1 attribute = PhFindTokenSecurityAttributeName(info, Name);

        if (attribute && attribute->ValueType == TOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_STRING && ValueIndex < attribute->ValueCount)
        {
            value = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(&attribute->Values.pString[ValueIndex]);
        }

        PhFree(info);
    }

    return value;
}

// rev from GetApplicationUserModelId/GetApplicationUserModelIdFromToken (dmex)
PPH_STRING PhGetTokenPackageApplicationUserModelId(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle
    )
{
    static PH_STRINGREF attributeName = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"WIN://SYSAPPID");
    static PH_STRINGREF seperator = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"!");
    PTOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES_INFORMATION info;
    PPH_STRING applicationUserModelId = NULL;

    if (NT_SUCCESS(PhGetTokenSecurityAttributes(TokenHandle, &info)))
    {
        PTOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTE_V1 attribute = PhFindTokenSecurityAttributeName(info, &attributeName);

        if (attribute && attribute->ValueType == TOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_STRING && attribute->ValueCount >= 3)
        {
            PPH_STRING relativeIdName;
            PPH_STRING packageFamilyName;

            relativeIdName = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(&attribute->Values.pString[1]);
            packageFamilyName = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(&attribute->Values.pString[2]);

            applicationUserModelId = PhConcatStringRef3(
                &packageFamilyName->sr, 
                &seperator, 
                &relativeIdName->sr
                );

            PhDereferenceObject(packageFamilyName);
            PhDereferenceObject(relativeIdName);
        }

        PhFree(info);
    }

    return applicationUserModelId;
}

PPH_STRING PhGetTokenPackageFullName(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle
    )
{
    static PH_STRINGREF attributeName = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"WIN://SYSAPPID");
    PTOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES_INFORMATION info;
    PPH_STRING packageFullName = NULL;

    if (NT_SUCCESS(PhGetTokenSecurityAttributes(TokenHandle, &info)))
    {
        PTOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTE_V1 attribute = PhFindTokenSecurityAttributeName(info, &attributeName);

        if (attribute && attribute->ValueType == TOKEN_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE_STRING)
        {
            packageFullName = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(&attribute->Values.pString[0]);
        }

        PhFree(info);
    }

    return packageFullName;
}

// rev from PackageIdFromFullName (dmex)
PPH_STRING PhGetProcessPackageFullName(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle
    )
{
    HANDLE tokenHandle;
    PPH_STRING packageName = NULL;

    if (NT_SUCCESS(PhOpenProcessToken(ProcessHandle, TOKEN_QUERY, &tokenHandle)))
    {
        packageName = PhGetTokenPackageFullName(tokenHandle);
        NtClose(tokenHandle);
    }

    return packageName;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetTokenNamedObjectPath(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _In_opt_ PSID Sid,
    _Out_ PPH_STRING* ObjectPath
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    UNICODE_STRING objectPathUs;

    if (!RtlGetTokenNamedObjectPath_Import())
        return STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;

    RtlInitEmptyUnicodeString(&objectPathUs, NULL, 0);

    status = RtlGetTokenNamedObjectPath_Import()(
        TokenHandle,
        Sid,
        &objectPathUs
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *ObjectPath = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(&objectPathUs);
        RtlFreeUnicodeString(&objectPathUs);
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _In_opt_ PSID AppContainerSid,
    _In_ BOOLEAN RelativePath,
    _Out_ PPH_STRING* ObjectPath
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    UNICODE_STRING objectPathUs;

    if (!RtlGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath_Import())
        return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;

    RtlInitEmptyUnicodeString(&objectPathUs, NULL, 0);

    status = RtlGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath_Import()(
        TokenHandle,
        AppContainerSid,
        RelativePath,
        &objectPathUs
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *ObjectPath = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(&objectPathUs);
        RtlFreeUnicodeString(&objectPathUs);
    }

    return status;
}

/**
 * Modifies a token privilege.
 *
 * \param TokenHandle A handle to a token. The handle must have TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES access.
 * \param PrivilegeName The name of the privilege to modify. If this parameter is NULL, you must
 * specify a LUID in the \a PrivilegeLuid parameter.
 * \param PrivilegeLuid The LUID of the privilege to modify. If this parameter is NULL, you must
 * specify a name in the \a PrivilegeName parameter.
 * \param Attributes The new attributes of the privilege.
 */
BOOLEAN PhSetTokenPrivilege(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _In_opt_ PWSTR PrivilegeName,
    _In_opt_ PLUID PrivilegeLuid,
    _In_ ULONG Attributes
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    TOKEN_PRIVILEGES privileges;

    privileges.PrivilegeCount = 1;
    privileges.Privileges[0].Attributes = Attributes;

    if (PrivilegeLuid)
    {
        privileges.Privileges[0].Luid = *PrivilegeLuid;
    }
    else if (PrivilegeName)
    {
        PH_STRINGREF privilegeName;

        PhInitializeStringRef(&privilegeName, PrivilegeName);

        if (!PhLookupPrivilegeValue(
            &privilegeName,
            &privileges.Privileges[0].Luid
            ))
            return FALSE;
    }
    else
    {
        return FALSE;
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtAdjustPrivilegesToken(
        TokenHandle,
        FALSE,
        &privileges,
        0,
        NULL,
        NULL
        )))
        return FALSE;

    if (status == STATUS_NOT_ALL_ASSIGNED)
        return FALSE;

    return TRUE;
}

BOOLEAN PhSetTokenPrivilege2(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _In_ LONG Privilege,
    _In_ ULONG Attributes
    )
{
    LUID privilegeLuid;

    privilegeLuid = RtlConvertLongToLuid(Privilege);

    return PhSetTokenPrivilege(TokenHandle, NULL, &privilegeLuid, Attributes);
}

NTSTATUS PhAdjustPrivilege(
    _In_opt_ PWSTR PrivilegeName,
    _In_opt_ LONG Privilege,
    _In_ BOOLEAN Enable
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    HANDLE tokenHandle;
    TOKEN_PRIVILEGES privileges;

    status = NtOpenProcessToken(
        NtCurrentProcess(),
        TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES,
        &tokenHandle
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    privileges.PrivilegeCount = 1;
    privileges.Privileges[0].Attributes = Enable ? SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED : 0;

    if (Privilege)
    {
        LUID privilegeLuid;

        privilegeLuid = RtlConvertLongToLuid(Privilege);

        privileges.Privileges[0].Luid = privilegeLuid;
    }
    else if (PrivilegeName)
    {
        PH_STRINGREF privilegeName;

        PhInitializeStringRef(&privilegeName, PrivilegeName);

        if (!PhLookupPrivilegeValue(
            &privilegeName,
            &privileges.Privileges[0].Luid
            ))
        {
            NtClose(tokenHandle);
            return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        NtClose(tokenHandle);
        return STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_1;
    }

    status = NtAdjustPrivilegesToken(
        tokenHandle,
        FALSE,
        &privileges,
        0,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    NtClose(tokenHandle);

    if (status == STATUS_NOT_ALL_ASSIGNED)
        return STATUS_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD;

    return status;
}

/**
* Modifies a token group.
*
* \param TokenHandle A handle to a token. The handle must have TOKEN_ADJUST_GROUPS access.
* \param GroupName The name of the group to modify. If this parameter is NULL, you must
* specify a PSID in the \a GroupSid parameter.
* \param GroupSid The PSID of the group to modify. If this parameter is NULL, you must
* specify a group name in the \a GroupName parameter.
* \param Attributes The new attributes of the group.
*/
NTSTATUS PhSetTokenGroups(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _In_opt_ PWSTR GroupName,
    _In_opt_ PSID GroupSid,
    _In_ ULONG Attributes
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    TOKEN_GROUPS groups;

    groups.GroupCount = 1;
    groups.Groups[0].Attributes = Attributes;

    if (GroupSid)
    {
        groups.Groups[0].Sid = GroupSid;
    }
    else if (GroupName)
    {
        PH_STRINGREF groupName;

        PhInitializeStringRef(&groupName, GroupName);

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhLookupName(&groupName, &groups.Groups[0].Sid, NULL, NULL)))
            return status;
    }
    else
    {
        return STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
    }

    status = NtAdjustGroupsToken(
        TokenHandle,
        FALSE,
        &groups,
        0,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    if (GroupName && groups.Groups[0].Sid)
        PhFree(groups.Groups[0].Sid);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetTokenSessionId(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _In_ ULONG SessionId
    )
{
    return NtSetInformationToken(
        TokenHandle,
        TokenSessionId,
        &SessionId,
        sizeof(ULONG)
        );
}

/**
 * Sets whether virtualization is enabled for a token.
 *
 * \param TokenHandle A handle to a token. The handle must have TOKEN_WRITE access.
 * \param IsVirtualizationEnabled A boolean indicating whether virtualization is to be enabled for
 * the token.
 */
NTSTATUS PhSetTokenIsVirtualizationEnabled(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _In_ BOOLEAN IsVirtualizationEnabled
    )
{
    ULONG virtualizationEnabled;

    virtualizationEnabled = IsVirtualizationEnabled;

    return NtSetInformationToken(
        TokenHandle,
        TokenVirtualizationEnabled,
        &virtualizationEnabled,
        sizeof(ULONG)
        );
}

/**
* Gets a token's integrity level RID. Can handle custom integrity levels.
*
* \param TokenHandle A handle to a token. The handle must have TOKEN_QUERY access.
* \param IntegrityLevelRID A variable which receives the integrity level of the token.
* \param IntegrityString A variable which receives a pointer to a string containing a string
* representation of the integrity level.
*/
NTSTATUS PhGetTokenIntegrityLevelRID(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _Out_opt_ PMANDATORY_LEVEL_RID IntegrityLevelRID,
    _Out_opt_ PWSTR *IntegrityString
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PTOKEN_MANDATORY_LABEL mandatoryLabel;
    ULONG subAuthoritiesCount;
    ULONG subAuthority;
    PWSTR integrityString;
    BOOLEAN tokenIsAppContainer;

    status = PhpQueryTokenVariableSize(TokenHandle, TokenIntegrityLevel, &mandatoryLabel);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    subAuthoritiesCount = *RtlSubAuthorityCountSid(mandatoryLabel->Label.Sid);

    if (subAuthoritiesCount > 0)
    {
        subAuthority = *RtlSubAuthoritySid(mandatoryLabel->Label.Sid, subAuthoritiesCount - 1);
    }
    else
    {
        subAuthority = SECURITY_MANDATORY_UNTRUSTED_RID;
    }

    PhFree(mandatoryLabel);

    if (IntegrityString)
    {
        if (NT_SUCCESS(PhGetTokenIsAppContainer(TokenHandle, &tokenIsAppContainer)) && tokenIsAppContainer)
        {
            integrityString = L"AppContainer";
        }
        else
        {
            switch (subAuthority)
            {
            case SECURITY_MANDATORY_UNTRUSTED_RID:
                integrityString = L"Untrusted";
                break;
            case SECURITY_MANDATORY_LOW_RID:
                integrityString = L"Low";
                break;
            case SECURITY_MANDATORY_MEDIUM_RID:
                integrityString = L"Medium";
                break;
            case SECURITY_MANDATORY_MEDIUM_PLUS_RID:
                integrityString = L"Medium +";
                break;
            case SECURITY_MANDATORY_HIGH_RID:
                integrityString = L"High";
                break;
            case SECURITY_MANDATORY_SYSTEM_RID:
                integrityString = L"System";
                break;
            case SECURITY_MANDATORY_PROTECTED_PROCESS_RID:
                integrityString = L"Protected";
                break;
            default:
                integrityString = L"Other";
                break;
            }
        }

        *IntegrityString = integrityString;
    }

    if (IntegrityLevelRID)
        *IntegrityLevelRID = subAuthority;

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets a token's integrity level.
 *
 * \param TokenHandle A handle to a token. The handle must have TOKEN_QUERY access.
 * \param IntegrityLevel A variable which receives the integrity level of the token.
 * If the integrity level is not a well-known one the function fails.
 * \param IntegrityString A variable which receives a pointer to a string containing a string
 * representation of the integrity level.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetTokenIntegrityLevel(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _Out_opt_ PMANDATORY_LEVEL IntegrityLevel,
    _Out_opt_ PWSTR *IntegrityString
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    MANDATORY_LEVEL_RID integrityLevelRID;
    MANDATORY_LEVEL integrityLevel;

    status = PhGetTokenIntegrityLevelRID(TokenHandle, &integrityLevelRID, IntegrityString);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    if (IntegrityLevel)
    {
        switch (integrityLevelRID)
        {
        case SECURITY_MANDATORY_UNTRUSTED_RID:
            integrityLevel = MandatoryLevelUntrusted;
            break;
        case SECURITY_MANDATORY_LOW_RID:
            integrityLevel = MandatoryLevelLow;
            break;
        case SECURITY_MANDATORY_MEDIUM_RID:
            integrityLevel = MandatoryLevelMedium;
            break;
        //case SECURITY_MANDATORY_MEDIUM_PLUS_RID:
        //    integrityLevel = MandatoryLevelMedium;
        //    break;
        case SECURITY_MANDATORY_HIGH_RID:
            integrityLevel = MandatoryLevelHigh;
            break;
        case SECURITY_MANDATORY_SYSTEM_RID:
            integrityLevel = MandatoryLevelSystem;
            break;
        case SECURITY_MANDATORY_PROTECTED_PROCESS_RID:
            integrityLevel = MandatoryLevelSecureProcess;
            break;
        default:
            return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
        }

        *IntegrityLevel = integrityLevel;
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetTokenProcessTrustLevelRID(
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle,
    _Out_opt_ PULONG ProtectionType,
    _Out_opt_ PULONG ProtectionLevel,
    _Out_opt_ PPH_STRING* TrustLevelString,
    _Out_opt_ PPH_STRING* TrustLevelSidString
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PTOKEN_SID_INFORMATION trustLevel;
    ULONG subAuthoritiesCount;
    ULONG protectionType;
    ULONG protectionLevel;

    status = PhpQueryTokenVariableSize(TokenHandle, TokenProcessTrustLevel, &trustLevel);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    if (!RtlValidSid(trustLevel->Sid))
        return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;

    subAuthoritiesCount = *RtlSubAuthorityCountSid(trustLevel->Sid);
    //RtlIdentifierAuthoritySid(TokenPageContext->Capabilities->Groups[i].Sid) == (BYTE[])SECURITY_PROCESS_TRUST_AUTHORITY

    if (subAuthoritiesCount == SECURITY_PROCESS_TRUST_AUTHORITY_RID_COUNT)
    {
        protectionType = *RtlSubAuthoritySid(trustLevel->Sid, 0);
        protectionLevel = *RtlSubAuthoritySid(trustLevel->Sid, 1);
    }
    else
    {
        protectionType = SECURITY_PROCESS_PROTECTION_TYPE_NONE_RID;
        protectionLevel = SECURITY_PROCESS_PROTECTION_LEVEL_NONE_RID;
    }

    if (ProtectionType)
        *ProtectionType = protectionType;
    if (ProtectionLevel)
        *ProtectionLevel = protectionLevel;

    if (TrustLevelString)
    {
        PWSTR protectionTypeString = NULL;
        PWSTR protectionLevelString = NULL;

        switch (protectionType)
        {
        case SECURITY_PROCESS_PROTECTION_TYPE_FULL_RID:
            protectionTypeString = L"Full";
            break;
        case SECURITY_PROCESS_PROTECTION_TYPE_LITE_RID:
            protectionTypeString = L"Lite";
            break;
        }

        switch (protectionLevel)
        {
        case SECURITY_PROCESS_PROTECTION_LEVEL_WINTCB_RID:
            protectionLevelString = L" (WinTcb)";
            break;
        case SECURITY_PROCESS_PROTECTION_LEVEL_WINDOWS_RID:
            protectionLevelString = L" (Windows)";
            break;
        case SECURITY_PROCESS_PROTECTION_LEVEL_APP_RID:
            protectionLevelString = L" (StoreApp)";
            break;
        case SECURITY_PROCESS_PROTECTION_LEVEL_ANTIMALWARE_RID:
            protectionLevelString = L" (Antimalware)";
            break;
        case SECURITY_PROCESS_PROTECTION_LEVEL_AUTHENTICODE_RID:
            protectionLevelString = L" (Authenticode)";
            break;
        }

        if (protectionTypeString && protectionLevelString)
            *TrustLevelString = PhConcatStrings2(protectionTypeString, protectionLevelString);
        else
            *TrustLevelString = PhCreateString(L"Unknown");
    }

    if (TrustLevelSidString)
    {
        *TrustLevelSidString = PhSidToStringSid(trustLevel->Sid);
    }

    PhFree(trustLevel);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhpQueryFileVariableSize(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _In_ FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS FileInformationClass,
    _Out_ PVOID *Buffer
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize = 0x200;

    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    while (TRUE)
    {
        status = NtQueryInformationFile(
            FileHandle,
            &isb,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            FileInformationClass
            );

        if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW || status == STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL || status == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
            bufferSize *= 2;
            buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
        }
        else
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *Buffer = buffer;
    }
    else
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetFileBasicInformation(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _Out_ PFILE_BASIC_INFORMATION BasicInfo
    )
{
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    return NtQueryInformationFile(
        FileHandle,
        &isb,
        BasicInfo,
        sizeof(FILE_BASIC_INFORMATION),
        FileBasicInformation
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhGetFileStandardInformation(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _Out_ PFILE_STANDARD_INFORMATION StandardInfo
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;
    FILE_STANDARD_INFORMATION standardInfo;

    status = NtQueryInformationFile(
        FileHandle,
        &isb,
        &standardInfo,
        sizeof(FILE_STANDARD_INFORMATION),
        FileStandardInformation
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *StandardInfo = standardInfo;
    }

    return status;
}

// rev from SetFileCompletionNotificationModes (dmex)
NTSTATUS PhSetFileCompletionNotificationMode(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _In_ ULONG Flags
    )
{
    FILE_IO_COMPLETION_NOTIFICATION_INFORMATION completionMode;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    completionMode.Flags = Flags;

    return NtSetInformationFile(
        FileHandle,
        &isb,
        &completionMode,
        sizeof(FILE_IO_COMPLETION_NOTIFICATION_INFORMATION),
        FileIoCompletionNotificationInformation
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhGetFileSize(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _Out_ PLARGE_INTEGER Size
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    FILE_STANDARD_INFORMATION standardInfo;

    status = PhGetFileStandardInformation(
        FileHandle,
        &standardInfo
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *Size = standardInfo.EndOfFile;
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetFileSize(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _In_ PLARGE_INTEGER Size
    )
{
    FILE_END_OF_FILE_INFORMATION endOfFileInfo;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    endOfFileInfo.EndOfFile = *Size;

    return NtSetInformationFile(
        FileHandle,
        &isb,
        &endOfFileInfo,
        sizeof(FILE_END_OF_FILE_INFORMATION),
        FileEndOfFileInformation
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhGetFilePosition(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _Out_ PLARGE_INTEGER Position
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    FILE_POSITION_INFORMATION positionInfo;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    status = NtQueryInformationFile(
        FileHandle,
        &isb,
        &positionInfo,
        sizeof(FILE_POSITION_INFORMATION),
        FilePositionInformation
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    *Position = positionInfo.CurrentByteOffset;

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetFilePosition(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _In_opt_ PLARGE_INTEGER Position
    )
{
    FILE_POSITION_INFORMATION positionInfo;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    if (Position)
        positionInfo.CurrentByteOffset.QuadPart = Position->QuadPart;
    else
        positionInfo.CurrentByteOffset.QuadPart = 0;

    return NtSetInformationFile(
        FileHandle,
        &isb,
        &positionInfo,
        sizeof(FILE_POSITION_INFORMATION),
        FilePositionInformation
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhGetFileAllocationSize(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _Out_ PLARGE_INTEGER AllocationSize
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    FILE_ALLOCATION_INFORMATION allocationInfo;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    status = NtQueryInformationFile(
        FileHandle,
        &isb,
        &allocationInfo,
        sizeof(FILE_ALLOCATION_INFORMATION),
        FileAllocationInformation
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    *AllocationSize = allocationInfo.AllocationSize;

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetFileAllocationSize(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _In_ PLARGE_INTEGER AllocationSize
    )
{
    FILE_ALLOCATION_INFORMATION allocationInfo;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    allocationInfo.AllocationSize = *AllocationSize;

    return NtSetInformationFile(
        FileHandle,
        &isb,
        &allocationInfo,
        sizeof(FILE_ALLOCATION_INFORMATION),
        FileAllocationInformation
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhGetFileIndexNumber(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _Out_ PFILE_INTERNAL_INFORMATION IndexNumber
    )
{
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    return NtQueryInformationFile(
        FileHandle,
        &isb,
        IndexNumber,
        sizeof(FILE_INTERNAL_INFORMATION),
        FileInternalInformation
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhDeleteFile(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status = STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;

    if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_10_RS5)
    {
        FILE_DISPOSITION_INFO_EX dispositionInfo;
        IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

        dispositionInfo.Flags = FILE_DISPOSITION_FLAG_DELETE | FILE_DISPOSITION_FLAG_POSIX_SEMANTICS | FILE_DISPOSITION_FLAG_IGNORE_READONLY_ATTRIBUTE;
        status = NtSetInformationFile(
            FileHandle,
            &isb,
            &dispositionInfo,
            sizeof(FILE_DISPOSITION_INFO_EX),
            FileDispositionInformationEx
            );
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        FILE_DISPOSITION_INFORMATION dispositionInfo;
        IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

        dispositionInfo.DeleteFile = TRUE;

        status = NtSetInformationFile(
            FileHandle,
            &isb,
            &dispositionInfo,
            sizeof(FILE_DISPOSITION_INFORMATION),
            FileDispositionInformation
            );
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetFileHandleName(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _Out_ PPH_STRING *FileName
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    ULONG bufferSize;
    PFILE_NAME_INFORMATION buffer;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    bufferSize = sizeof(FILE_NAME_INFORMATION) + MAX_PATH;
    buffer = PhAllocateZero(bufferSize);

    status = NtQueryInformationFile(
        FileHandle,
        &isb,
        buffer,
        bufferSize,
        FileNameInformation
        );

    if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW)
    {
        bufferSize = sizeof(FILE_NAME_INFORMATION) + buffer->FileNameLength + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL);
        PhFree(buffer);
        buffer = PhAllocateZero(bufferSize);

        status = NtQueryInformationFile(
            FileHandle,
            &isb,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            FileNameInformation
            );
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        return status;
    }

    *FileName = PhCreateStringEx(buffer->FileName, buffer->FileNameLength);
    PhFree(buffer);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetFileAllInformation(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _Out_ PFILE_ALL_INFORMATION *FileInformation
    )
{
    return PhpQueryFileVariableSize(
        FileHandle,
        FileAllInformation,
        FileInformation
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhGetFileId(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _Out_ PFILE_ID_INFORMATION FileId
    )
{
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    return NtQueryInformationFile(
        FileHandle,
        &isb,
        FileId,
        sizeof(FILE_ID_INFORMATION),
        FileIdInformation
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessIdsUsingFile(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _Out_ PFILE_PROCESS_IDS_USING_FILE_INFORMATION *ProcessIdsUsingFile
    )
{
    return PhpQueryFileVariableSize(
        FileHandle,
        FileProcessIdsUsingFileInformation,
        ProcessIdsUsingFile
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhGetFileUsn(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _Out_ PLONGLONG Usn
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    ULONG recordLength;
    PUSN_RECORD_V2 recordBuffer; // USN_RECORD_UNION
    UCHAR buffer[sizeof(USN_RECORD_V2) + MAXIMUM_FILENAME_LENGTH * sizeof(WCHAR)];
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    recordLength = sizeof(buffer);
    recordBuffer = (PUSN_RECORD_V2)buffer;

    status = NtFsControlFile(
        FileHandle,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        &isb,
        FSCTL_READ_FILE_USN_DATA, // FSCTL_WRITE_USN_CLOSE_RECORD
        NULL, // READ_FILE_USN_DATA
        0,
        recordBuffer,
        recordLength
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *Usn = recordBuffer->Usn;

        //switch (recordBuffer->Header.MajorVersion)
        //{
        //case 2:
        //    *Usn = recordBuffer->V2.Usn;
        //    break;
        //case 3:
        //    *Usn = recordBuffer->V3.Usn;
        //    break;
        //case 4:
        //    *Usn = recordBuffer->V4.Usn;
        //    break;
        //}
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhpQueryTransactionManagerVariableSize(
    _In_ HANDLE TransactionManagerHandle,
    _In_ TRANSACTIONMANAGER_INFORMATION_CLASS TransactionManagerInformationClass,
    _Out_ PVOID *Buffer
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize = 0x100;

    if (!NtQueryInformationTransactionManager_Import())
        return STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;

    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    while (TRUE)
    {
        status = NtQueryInformationTransactionManager_Import()(
            TransactionManagerHandle,
            TransactionManagerInformationClass,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            NULL
            );

        if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW)
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
            bufferSize *= 2;

            if (bufferSize > 1 * 1024 * 1024)
                return STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;

            buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
        }
        else
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *Buffer = buffer;
    }
    else
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetTransactionManagerBasicInformation(
    _In_ HANDLE TransactionManagerHandle,
    _Out_ PTRANSACTIONMANAGER_BASIC_INFORMATION BasicInformation
    )
{
    if (NtQueryInformationTransactionManager_Import())
    {
        return NtQueryInformationTransactionManager_Import()(
            TransactionManagerHandle,
            TransactionManagerBasicInformation,
            BasicInformation,
            sizeof(TRANSACTIONMANAGER_BASIC_INFORMATION),
            NULL
            );
    }
    else
    {
        return STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }
}

NTSTATUS PhGetTransactionManagerLogFileName(
    _In_ HANDLE TransactionManagerHandle,
    _Out_ PPH_STRING *LogFileName
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PTRANSACTIONMANAGER_LOGPATH_INFORMATION logPathInfo;

    status = PhpQueryTransactionManagerVariableSize(
        TransactionManagerHandle,
        TransactionManagerLogPathInformation,
        &logPathInfo
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    if (logPathInfo->LogPathLength == 0)
    {
        *LogFileName = PhReferenceEmptyString();
    }
    else
    {
        *LogFileName = PhCreateStringEx(
            logPathInfo->LogPath,
            logPathInfo->LogPathLength
            );
    }

    PhFree(logPathInfo);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhpQueryTransactionVariableSize(
    _In_ HANDLE TransactionHandle,
    _In_ TRANSACTION_INFORMATION_CLASS TransactionInformationClass,
    _Out_ PVOID *Buffer
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize = 0x100;

    if (!NtQueryInformationTransaction_Import())
        return STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;

    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    while (TRUE)
    {
        status = NtQueryInformationTransaction_Import()(
            TransactionHandle,
            TransactionInformationClass,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            NULL
            );

        if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW)
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
            bufferSize *= 2;

            if (bufferSize > 1 * 1024 * 1024)
                return STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;

            buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
        }
        else
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *Buffer = buffer;
    }
    else
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetTransactionBasicInformation(
    _In_ HANDLE TransactionHandle,
    _Out_ PTRANSACTION_BASIC_INFORMATION BasicInformation
    )
{
    if (NtQueryInformationTransaction_Import())
    {
        return NtQueryInformationTransaction_Import()(
            TransactionHandle,
            TransactionBasicInformation,
            BasicInformation,
            sizeof(TRANSACTION_BASIC_INFORMATION),
            NULL
            );
    }
    else
    {
        return STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }
}

NTSTATUS PhGetTransactionPropertiesInformation(
    _In_ HANDLE TransactionHandle,
    _Out_opt_ PLARGE_INTEGER Timeout,
    _Out_opt_ TRANSACTION_OUTCOME *Outcome,
    _Out_opt_ PPH_STRING *Description
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PTRANSACTION_PROPERTIES_INFORMATION propertiesInfo;

    status = PhpQueryTransactionVariableSize(
        TransactionHandle,
        TransactionPropertiesInformation,
        &propertiesInfo
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    if (Timeout)
    {
        *Timeout = propertiesInfo->Timeout;
    }

    if (Outcome)
    {
        *Outcome = propertiesInfo->Outcome;
    }

    if (Description)
    {
        *Description = PhCreateStringEx(
            propertiesInfo->Description,
            propertiesInfo->DescriptionLength
            );
    }

    PhFree(propertiesInfo);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhpQueryResourceManagerVariableSize(
    _In_ HANDLE ResourceManagerHandle,
    _In_ RESOURCEMANAGER_INFORMATION_CLASS ResourceManagerInformationClass,
    _Out_ PVOID *Buffer
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize = 0x100;

    if (!NtQueryInformationResourceManager_Import())
        return STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;

    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    while (TRUE)
    {
        status = NtQueryInformationResourceManager_Import()(
            ResourceManagerHandle,
            ResourceManagerInformationClass,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            NULL
            );

        if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW)
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
            bufferSize *= 2;

            if (bufferSize > 1 * 1024 * 1024)
                return STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;

            buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
        }
        else
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *Buffer = buffer;
    }
    else
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetResourceManagerBasicInformation(
    _In_ HANDLE ResourceManagerHandle,
    _Out_opt_ PGUID Guid,
    _Out_opt_ PPH_STRING *Description
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PRESOURCEMANAGER_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;

    status = PhpQueryResourceManagerVariableSize(
        ResourceManagerHandle,
        ResourceManagerBasicInformation,
        &basicInfo
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    if (Guid)
    {
        *Guid = basicInfo->ResourceManagerId;
    }

    if (Description)
    {
        if (basicInfo->DescriptionLength == 0)
        {
            *Description = PhReferenceEmptyString();
        }
        else
        {
            *Description = PhCreateStringEx(
                basicInfo->Description,
                basicInfo->DescriptionLength
                );
        }
    }

    PhFree(basicInfo);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetEnlistmentBasicInformation(
    _In_ HANDLE EnlistmentHandle,
    _Out_ PENLISTMENT_BASIC_INFORMATION BasicInformation
    )
{
    if (NtQueryInformationEnlistment_Import())
    {
        return NtQueryInformationEnlistment_Import()(
            EnlistmentHandle,
            EnlistmentBasicInformation,
            BasicInformation,
            sizeof(ENLISTMENT_BASIC_INFORMATION),
            NULL
            );
    }
    else
    {
        return STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }
}

typedef struct _OPEN_DRIVER_BY_BASE_ADDRESS_CONTEXT
{
    NTSTATUS Status;
    PVOID BaseAddress;
    HANDLE DriverHandle;
} OPEN_DRIVER_BY_BASE_ADDRESS_CONTEXT, *POPEN_DRIVER_BY_BASE_ADDRESS_CONTEXT;

BOOLEAN NTAPI PhpOpenDriverByBaseAddressCallback(
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF Name,
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF TypeName,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context
    )
{
    static PH_STRINGREF driverDirectoryName = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"\\Driver\\");

    NTSTATUS status;
    POPEN_DRIVER_BY_BASE_ADDRESS_CONTEXT context = Context;
    PPH_STRING driverName;
    UNICODE_STRING driverNameUs;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
    HANDLE driverHandle;
    DRIVER_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;

    driverName = PhConcatStringRef2(&driverDirectoryName, Name);

    if (!PhStringRefToUnicodeString(&driverName->sr, &driverNameUs))
    {
        PhDereferenceObject(driverName);
        return TRUE;
    }

    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &driverNameUs,
        0,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    status = KphOpenDriver(&driverHandle, SYNCHRONIZE, &objectAttributes);
    PhDereferenceObject(driverName);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return TRUE;

    status = KphQueryInformationDriver(
        driverHandle,
        DriverBasicInformation,
        &basicInfo,
        sizeof(DRIVER_BASIC_INFORMATION),
        NULL
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        if (context && basicInfo.DriverStart == context->BaseAddress)
        {
            context->Status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
            context->DriverHandle = driverHandle;

            return FALSE;
        }
    }

    NtClose(driverHandle);

    return TRUE;
}

/**
 * Opens a driver object using a base address.
 *
 * \param DriverHandle A variable which receives a handle to the driver object.
 * \param BaseAddress The base address of the driver to open.
 *
 * \retval STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND The driver could not be found.
 *
 * \remarks This function requires a valid KSystemInformer handle.
 */
NTSTATUS PhOpenDriverByBaseAddress(
    _Out_ PHANDLE DriverHandle,
    _In_ PVOID BaseAddress
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    UNICODE_STRING driverDirectoryName;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
    HANDLE driverDirectoryHandle;
    OPEN_DRIVER_BY_BASE_ADDRESS_CONTEXT context;

    RtlInitUnicodeString(
        &driverDirectoryName,
        L"\\Driver"
        );
    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &driverDirectoryName,
        0,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = NtOpenDirectoryObject(
        &driverDirectoryHandle,
        DIRECTORY_QUERY,
        &objectAttributes
        )))
        return status;

    context.Status = STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND;
    context.BaseAddress = BaseAddress;

    status = PhEnumDirectoryObjects(
        driverDirectoryHandle,
        PhpOpenDriverByBaseAddressCallback,
        &context
        );
    NtClose(driverDirectoryHandle);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status) && !NT_SUCCESS(context.Status))
        return status;

    if (NT_SUCCESS(context.Status))
    {
        *DriverHandle = context.DriverHandle;
    }

    return context.Status;
}

NTSTATUS PhOpenDriver(
    _Out_ PHANDLE DriverHandle,
    _In_ ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
    _In_opt_ HANDLE RootDirectory,
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF ObjectName
    )
{
    if (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax)
    {
        UNICODE_STRING objectName;
        OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;

        PhStringRefToUnicodeString(ObjectName, &objectName);
        InitializeObjectAttributes(
            &objectAttributes,
            &objectName,
            OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
            RootDirectory,
            NULL
            );

        return KphOpenDriver(
            DriverHandle,
            DesiredAccess,
            &objectAttributes
            );
    }
    else
    {
        return STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
    }
}

/**
 * Queries variable-sized information for a driver. The function allocates a buffer to contain the
 * information.
 *
 * \param DriverHandle A handle to a driver. The access required depends on the information class
 * specified.
 * \param DriverInformationClass The information class to retrieve.
 * \param Buffer A variable which receives a pointer to a buffer containing the information. You
 * must free the buffer using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 *
 * \remarks This function requires a valid KSystemInformer handle.
 */
NTSTATUS PhpQueryDriverVariableSize(
    _In_ HANDLE DriverHandle,
    _In_ DRIVER_INFORMATION_CLASS DriverInformationClass,
    _Out_ PVOID *Buffer
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG returnLength = 0;

    KphQueryInformationDriver(
        DriverHandle,
        DriverInformationClass,
        NULL,
        0,
        &returnLength
        );
    buffer = PhAllocate(returnLength);
    status = KphQueryInformationDriver(
        DriverHandle,
        DriverInformationClass,
        buffer,
        returnLength,
        &returnLength
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *Buffer = buffer;
    }
    else
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
    }

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets the object name of a driver.
 *
 * \param DriverHandle A handle to a driver.
 * \param Name A variable which receives a pointer to a string containing the object name. You must
 * free the string using PhDereferenceObject() when you no longer need it.
 *
 * \remarks This function requires a valid KSystemInformer handle.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetDriverName(
    _In_ HANDLE DriverHandle,
    _Out_ PPH_STRING *Name
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PUNICODE_STRING unicodeString;

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhpQueryDriverVariableSize(
        DriverHandle,
        DriverNameInformation,
        &unicodeString
        )))
        return status;

    *Name = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(unicodeString);
    PhFree(unicodeString);

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets the object name of a driver.
 *
 * \param DriverHandle A handle to a driver.
 * \param Name A variable which receives a pointer to a string containing the driver image file name.
 * You must free the string using PhDereferenceObject() when you no longer need it.
 *
 * \remarks This function requires a valid KSystemInformer handle.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetDriverImageFileName(
    _In_ HANDLE DriverHandle,
    _Out_ PPH_STRING *Name
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PUNICODE_STRING unicodeString;

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhpQueryDriverVariableSize(
        DriverHandle,
        DriverImageFileNameInformation,
        &unicodeString
        )))
        return status;

    *Name = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(unicodeString);
    PhFree(unicodeString);

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets the service key name of a driver.
 *
 * \param DriverHandle A handle to a driver.
 * \param ServiceKeyName A variable which receives a pointer to a string containing the service key
 * name. You must free the string using PhDereferenceObject() when you no longer need it.
 *
 * \remarks This function requires a valid KSystemInformer handle.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetDriverServiceKeyName(
    _In_ HANDLE DriverHandle,
    _Out_ PPH_STRING *ServiceKeyName
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PUNICODE_STRING unicodeString;

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhpQueryDriverVariableSize(
        DriverHandle,
        DriverServiceKeyNameInformation,
        &unicodeString
        )))
        return status;

    *ServiceKeyName = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(unicodeString);
    PhFree(unicodeString);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhpUnloadDriver(
    _In_ PPH_STRING ServiceKeyName
    )
{
    static PH_STRINGREF fullServicesKeyName = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"\\Registry\\Machine\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\");
    NTSTATUS status;
    PPH_STRING fullServiceKeyName;
    UNICODE_STRING fullServiceKeyNameUs;
    HANDLE serviceKeyHandle;
    ULONG disposition;

    fullServiceKeyName = PhConcatStringRef2(&fullServicesKeyName, &ServiceKeyName->sr);

    if (!PhStringRefToUnicodeString(&fullServiceKeyName->sr, &fullServiceKeyNameUs))
    {
        PhDereferenceObject(fullServiceKeyName);
        return STATUS_NAME_TOO_LONG;
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status = PhCreateKey(
        &serviceKeyHandle,
        KEY_WRITE | DELETE,
        NULL,
        &fullServiceKeyName->sr,
        0,
        0,
        &disposition
        )))
    {
        if (disposition == REG_CREATED_NEW_KEY)
        {
            static PH_STRINGREF imagePath = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"\\SystemRoot\\system32\\drivers\\ntfs.sys");
            PH_STRINGREF valueName;
            ULONG dword;

            // Set up the required values.
            dword = 1;
            PhInitializeStringRef(&valueName, L"ErrorControl");
            PhSetValueKey(serviceKeyHandle, &valueName, REG_DWORD, &dword, sizeof(ULONG));
            PhInitializeStringRef(&valueName, L"Start");
            PhSetValueKey(serviceKeyHandle, &valueName, REG_DWORD, &dword, sizeof(ULONG));
            PhInitializeStringRef(&valueName, L"Type");
            PhSetValueKey(serviceKeyHandle, &valueName, REG_DWORD, &dword, sizeof(ULONG));

            // Use a bogus name.
            PhInitializeStringRef(&valueName, L"ImagePath");
            PhSetValueKey(serviceKeyHandle, &valueName, REG_SZ, imagePath.Buffer, (ULONG)imagePath.Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL));
        }

        status = NtUnloadDriver(&fullServiceKeyNameUs);

        if (disposition == REG_CREATED_NEW_KEY)
        {
            // We added values, not subkeys, so this function will work correctly.
            NtDeleteKey(serviceKeyHandle);
        }

        NtClose(serviceKeyHandle);
    }

    PhDereferenceObject(fullServiceKeyName);

    return status;
}

/**
 * Unloads a driver.
 *
 * \param BaseAddress The base address of the driver. This parameter can be NULL if a value is
 * specified in \c Name.
 * \param Name The base name of the driver. This parameter can be NULL if a value is specified in
 * \c BaseAddress and KSystemInformer is loaded.
 *
 * \retval STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_MIX Both \c BaseAddress and \c Name were null, or \c Name was
 * not specified and KSystemInformer is not loaded.
 * \retval STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND The driver could not be found.
 */
NTSTATUS PhUnloadDriver(
    _In_opt_ PVOID BaseAddress,
    _In_opt_ PWSTR Name
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    HANDLE driverHandle;
    PPH_STRING serviceKeyName = NULL;
    KPH_LEVEL level;

    level = KphLevel();

    if (!BaseAddress && !Name)
        return STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_MIX;
    if (!Name && (level != KphLevelMax))
        return STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER_MIX;

    // Try to get the service key name by scanning the Driver directory.

    if ((level == KphLevelMax) && BaseAddress)
    {
        if (NT_SUCCESS(PhOpenDriverByBaseAddress(
            &driverHandle,
            BaseAddress
            )))
        {
            PhGetDriverServiceKeyName(driverHandle, &serviceKeyName);
            NtClose(driverHandle);
        }
    }

    // Use the base name if we didn't get the service key name.

    if (!serviceKeyName && Name)
    {
        PPH_STRING name;

        name = PhCreateString(Name);

        // Remove the extension if it is present.
        if (PhEndsWithString2(name, L".sys", TRUE))
        {
            serviceKeyName = PhSubstring(name, 0, name->Length / sizeof(WCHAR) - 4);
            PhDereferenceObject(name);
        }
        else
        {
            serviceKeyName = name;
        }
    }

    if (!serviceKeyName)
        return STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND;

    status = PhpUnloadDriver(serviceKeyName);
    PhDereferenceObject(serviceKeyName);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhpEnumProcessModules(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PPHP_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_CALLBACK Callback,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context1,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context2
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PROCESS_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;
    PPEB_LDR_DATA ldr;
    PEB_LDR_DATA pebLdrData;
    PLIST_ENTRY startLink;
    PLIST_ENTRY currentLink;
    ULONG dataTableEntrySize;
    LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY currentEntry;
    ULONG i;

    // Get the PEB address.
    status = PhGetProcessBasicInformation(ProcessHandle, &basicInfo);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    // Read the address of the loader data.
    status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
        ProcessHandle,
        PTR_ADD_OFFSET(basicInfo.PebBaseAddress, FIELD_OFFSET(PEB, Ldr)),
        &ldr,
        sizeof(PVOID),
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    // Read the loader data.
    status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
        ProcessHandle,
        ldr,
        &pebLdrData,
        sizeof(PEB_LDR_DATA),
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    if (!pebLdrData.Initialized)
        return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;

    if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_8)
        dataTableEntrySize = LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY_SIZE_WIN8;
    else
        dataTableEntrySize = LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY_SIZE_WIN7;

    // Traverse the linked list (in load order).

    i = 0;
    startLink = PTR_ADD_OFFSET(ldr, FIELD_OFFSET(PEB_LDR_DATA, InLoadOrderModuleList));
    currentLink = pebLdrData.InLoadOrderModuleList.Flink;

    while (
        currentLink != startLink &&
        i <= PH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_LIMIT
        )
    {
        PVOID addressOfEntry;

        addressOfEntry = CONTAINING_RECORD(currentLink, LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY, InLoadOrderLinks);
        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            addressOfEntry,
            &currentEntry,
            dataTableEntrySize,
            NULL
            );

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            return status;

        // Make sure the entry is valid.
        if (currentEntry.DllBase)
        {
            // Execute the callback.
            if (!Callback(
                ProcessHandle,
                &currentEntry,
                addressOfEntry,
                Context1,
                Context2
                ))
                break;
        }

        currentLink = currentEntry.InLoadOrderLinks.Flink;
        i++;
    }

    return status;
}

BOOLEAN NTAPI PhpEnumProcessModulesCallback(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY Entry,
    _In_ PVOID AddressOfEntry,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context1,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context2
    )
{
    PPH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_PARAMETERS parameters = Context1;
    NTSTATUS status;
    BOOLEAN cont;
    PPH_STRING mappedFileName = NULL;
    PWSTR fullDllNameOriginal;
    PWSTR fullDllNameBuffer = NULL;
    PWSTR baseDllNameOriginal;
    PWSTR baseDllNameBuffer = NULL;

    if (!parameters)
        return TRUE;

    if (parameters->Flags & PH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_TRY_MAPPED_FILE_NAME)
    {
        PhGetProcessMappedFileName(ProcessHandle, Entry->DllBase, &mappedFileName);
    }

    if (mappedFileName)
    {
        ULONG_PTR indexOfLastBackslash;

        PhStringRefToUnicodeString(&mappedFileName->sr, &Entry->FullDllName);
        indexOfLastBackslash = PhFindLastCharInString(mappedFileName, 0, OBJ_NAME_PATH_SEPARATOR);

        if (indexOfLastBackslash != SIZE_MAX)
        {
            Entry->BaseDllName.Buffer = PTR_ADD_OFFSET(Entry->FullDllName.Buffer, PTR_ADD_OFFSET(indexOfLastBackslash * sizeof(WCHAR), sizeof(UNICODE_NULL)));
            Entry->BaseDllName.Length = Entry->FullDllName.Length - (USHORT)indexOfLastBackslash * sizeof(WCHAR) - sizeof(UNICODE_NULL);
            Entry->BaseDllName.MaximumLength = Entry->BaseDllName.Length;
        }
        else
        {
            Entry->BaseDllName = Entry->FullDllName;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // Read the full DLL name string and add a null terminator.

        fullDllNameOriginal = Entry->FullDllName.Buffer;
        fullDllNameBuffer = PhAllocate(Entry->FullDllName.Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL));
        Entry->FullDllName.Buffer = fullDllNameBuffer;

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            fullDllNameOriginal,
            fullDllNameBuffer,
            Entry->FullDllName.Length,
            NULL
            )))
        {
            fullDllNameBuffer[Entry->FullDllName.Length / sizeof(WCHAR)] = UNICODE_NULL;
        }
        else
        {
            fullDllNameBuffer[0] = UNICODE_NULL;
            Entry->FullDllName.Length = 0;
        }

        baseDllNameOriginal = Entry->BaseDllName.Buffer;

        // Try to use the buffer we just read in.
        if (
            NT_SUCCESS(status) &&
            (ULONG_PTR)baseDllNameOriginal >= (ULONG_PTR)fullDllNameOriginal &&
            (ULONG_PTR)PTR_ADD_OFFSET(baseDllNameOriginal, Entry->BaseDllName.Length) >= (ULONG_PTR)baseDllNameOriginal &&
            (ULONG_PTR)PTR_ADD_OFFSET(baseDllNameOriginal, Entry->BaseDllName.Length) <= (ULONG_PTR)PTR_ADD_OFFSET(fullDllNameOriginal, Entry->FullDllName.Length)
            )
        {
            baseDllNameBuffer = NULL;

            Entry->BaseDllName.Buffer = PTR_ADD_OFFSET(Entry->FullDllName.Buffer, PTR_SUB_OFFSET(baseDllNameOriginal, fullDllNameOriginal));
        }
        else
        {
            // Read the base DLL name string and add a null terminator.

            baseDllNameBuffer = PhAllocate(Entry->BaseDllName.Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL));
            Entry->BaseDllName.Buffer = baseDllNameBuffer;

            if (NT_SUCCESS(NtReadVirtualMemory(
                ProcessHandle,
                baseDllNameOriginal,
                baseDllNameBuffer,
                Entry->BaseDllName.Length,
                NULL
                )))
            {
                baseDllNameBuffer[Entry->BaseDllName.Length / sizeof(WCHAR)] = UNICODE_NULL;
            }
            else
            {
                baseDllNameBuffer[0] = UNICODE_NULL;
                Entry->BaseDllName.Length = 0;
            }
        }
    }

    if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_8)
    {
        LDR_DDAG_NODE ldrDagNode;

        memset(&ldrDagNode, 0, sizeof(LDR_DDAG_NODE));

        if (NT_SUCCESS(NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            Entry->DdagNode,
            &ldrDagNode,
            sizeof(LDR_DDAG_NODE),
            NULL
            )))
        {
            // Fixup the module load count. (dmex)
            Entry->ObsoleteLoadCount = (USHORT)ldrDagNode.LoadCount;
        }
    }

    // Execute the callback.
    cont = parameters->Callback(Entry, parameters->Context);

    if (mappedFileName)
    {
        PhDereferenceObject(mappedFileName);
    }
    else
    {
        if (fullDllNameBuffer)
            PhFree(fullDllNameBuffer);
        if (baseDllNameBuffer)
            PhFree(baseDllNameBuffer);
    }

    return cont;
}

/**
 * Enumerates the modules loaded by a process.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have
 * PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION and PROCESS_VM_READ access.
 * \param Callback A callback function which is executed for each process module.
 * \param Context A user-defined value to pass to the callback function.
 */
NTSTATUS PhEnumProcessModules(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PPH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_CALLBACK Callback,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context
    )
{
    PH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_PARAMETERS parameters;

    parameters.Callback = Callback;
    parameters.Context = Context;
    parameters.Flags = 0;

    return PhEnumProcessModulesEx(ProcessHandle, &parameters);
}

/**
 * Enumerates the modules loaded by a process.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have
 * PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION and PROCESS_VM_READ access. If
 * \c PH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_TRY_MAPPED_FILE_NAME is specified in \a Parameters, the handle should
 * have PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION access.
 * \param Parameters The enumeration parameters.
 */
NTSTATUS PhEnumProcessModulesEx(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PPH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_PARAMETERS Parameters
    )
{
    return PhpEnumProcessModules(
        ProcessHandle,
        PhpEnumProcessModulesCallback,
        Parameters,
        NULL
        );
}

typedef struct _SET_PROCESS_MODULE_LOAD_COUNT_CONTEXT
{
    NTSTATUS Status;
    PVOID BaseAddress;
    ULONG LoadCount;
} SET_PROCESS_MODULE_LOAD_COUNT_CONTEXT, *PSET_PROCESS_MODULE_LOAD_COUNT_CONTEXT;

BOOLEAN NTAPI PhpSetProcessModuleLoadCountCallback(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY Entry,
    _In_ PVOID AddressOfEntry,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context1,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context2
    )
{
    PSET_PROCESS_MODULE_LOAD_COUNT_CONTEXT context = Context1;

    if (context && Entry->DllBase == context->BaseAddress)
    {
        context->Status = NtWriteVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(AddressOfEntry, FIELD_OFFSET(LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY, ObsoleteLoadCount)),
            &context->LoadCount,
            sizeof(USHORT),
            NULL
            );

        return FALSE;
    }

    return TRUE;
}

/**
 * Sets the load count of a process module.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have
 * PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, PROCESS_VM_READ and PROCESS_VM_WRITE access.
 * \param BaseAddress The base address of a module.
 * \param LoadCount The new load count of the module.
 *
 * \retval STATUS_DLL_NOT_FOUND The module was not found.
 */
NTSTATUS PhSetProcessModuleLoadCount(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PVOID BaseAddress,
    _In_ ULONG LoadCount
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    SET_PROCESS_MODULE_LOAD_COUNT_CONTEXT context;

    context.Status = STATUS_DLL_NOT_FOUND;
    context.BaseAddress = BaseAddress;
    context.LoadCount = LoadCount;

    status = PhpEnumProcessModules(
        ProcessHandle,
        PhpSetProcessModuleLoadCountCallback,
        &context,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    return context.Status;
}

NTSTATUS PhpEnumProcessModules32(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PPHP_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES32_CALLBACK Callback,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context1,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context2
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PPEB32 peb;
    ULONG ldr; // PEB_LDR_DATA32 *32
    PEB_LDR_DATA32 pebLdrData;
    ULONG startLink; // LIST_ENTRY32 *32
    ULONG currentLink; // LIST_ENTRY32 *32
    ULONG dataTableEntrySize;
    LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY32 currentEntry;
    ULONG i;

    // Get the 32-bit PEB address.
    status = PhGetProcessPeb32(ProcessHandle, &peb);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    // Read the address of the loader data.
    status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
        ProcessHandle,
        PTR_ADD_OFFSET(peb, FIELD_OFFSET(PEB32, Ldr)),
        &ldr,
        sizeof(ULONG),
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    // Read the loader data.
    status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
        ProcessHandle,
        UlongToPtr(ldr),
        &pebLdrData,
        sizeof(PEB_LDR_DATA32),
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    if (!pebLdrData.Initialized)
        return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;

    if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_8)
        dataTableEntrySize = LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY_SIZE_WIN8_32;
    else
        dataTableEntrySize = LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY_SIZE_WIN7_32;

    // Traverse the linked list (in load order).

    i = 0;
    startLink = ldr + UFIELD_OFFSET(PEB_LDR_DATA32, InLoadOrderModuleList);
    currentLink = pebLdrData.InLoadOrderModuleList.Flink;

    while (
        currentLink != startLink &&
        i <= PH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_LIMIT
        )
    {
        ULONG addressOfEntry;

        addressOfEntry = PtrToUlong(CONTAINING_RECORD(UlongToPtr(currentLink), LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY32, InLoadOrderLinks));
        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            UlongToPtr(addressOfEntry),
            &currentEntry,
            dataTableEntrySize,
            NULL
            );

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            return status;

        // Make sure the entry is valid.
        if (currentEntry.DllBase)
        {
            // Execute the callback.
            if (!Callback(
                ProcessHandle,
                &currentEntry,
                addressOfEntry,
                Context1,
                Context2
                ))
                break;
        }

        currentLink = currentEntry.InLoadOrderLinks.Flink;
        i++;
    }

    return status;
}

BOOLEAN NTAPI PhpEnumProcessModules32Callback(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY32 Entry,
    _In_ ULONG AddressOfEntry,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context1,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context2
    )
{
    static PH_STRINGREF system32String = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"\\system32\\");
    PPH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_PARAMETERS parameters = Context1;
    BOOLEAN cont;
    LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY nativeEntry;
    PPH_STRING mappedFileName;
    PWSTR baseDllNameBuffer = NULL;
    PWSTR fullDllNameBuffer = NULL;
    PH_STRINGREF fullDllName;
    PH_STRINGREF systemRootString;

    if (!parameters)
        return TRUE;

    // Convert the 32-bit entry to a native-sized entry.

    memset(&nativeEntry, 0, sizeof(LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY));
    nativeEntry.DllBase = UlongToPtr(Entry->DllBase);
    nativeEntry.EntryPoint = UlongToPtr(Entry->EntryPoint);
    nativeEntry.SizeOfImage = Entry->SizeOfImage;
    UStr32ToUStr(&nativeEntry.FullDllName, &Entry->FullDllName);
    UStr32ToUStr(&nativeEntry.BaseDllName, &Entry->BaseDllName);
    nativeEntry.Flags = Entry->Flags;
    nativeEntry.ObsoleteLoadCount = Entry->ObsoleteLoadCount;
    nativeEntry.TlsIndex = Entry->TlsIndex;
    nativeEntry.TimeDateStamp = Entry->TimeDateStamp;
    nativeEntry.OriginalBase = Entry->OriginalBase;
    nativeEntry.LoadTime = Entry->LoadTime;
    nativeEntry.BaseNameHashValue = Entry->BaseNameHashValue;
    nativeEntry.LoadReason = Entry->LoadReason;
    nativeEntry.ParentDllBase = UlongToPtr(Entry->ParentDllBase);

    mappedFileName = NULL;

    if (parameters->Flags & PH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_TRY_MAPPED_FILE_NAME)
    {
        PhGetProcessMappedFileName(ProcessHandle, nativeEntry.DllBase, &mappedFileName);
    }

    if (mappedFileName)
    {
        ULONG_PTR indexOfLastBackslash;

        PhStringRefToUnicodeString(&mappedFileName->sr, &nativeEntry.FullDllName);
        indexOfLastBackslash = PhFindLastCharInString(mappedFileName, 0, OBJ_NAME_PATH_SEPARATOR);

        if (indexOfLastBackslash != SIZE_MAX)
        {
            nativeEntry.BaseDllName.Buffer = PTR_ADD_OFFSET(nativeEntry.FullDllName.Buffer, PTR_ADD_OFFSET(indexOfLastBackslash * sizeof(WCHAR), sizeof(WCHAR)));
            nativeEntry.BaseDllName.Length = nativeEntry.FullDllName.Length - (USHORT)indexOfLastBackslash * sizeof(WCHAR) - sizeof(WCHAR);
            nativeEntry.BaseDllName.MaximumLength = nativeEntry.BaseDllName.Length;
        }
        else
        {
            nativeEntry.BaseDllName = nativeEntry.FullDllName;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // Read the base DLL name string and add a null terminator.

        baseDllNameBuffer = PhAllocate(nativeEntry.BaseDllName.Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL));

        if (NT_SUCCESS(NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            nativeEntry.BaseDllName.Buffer,
            baseDllNameBuffer,
            nativeEntry.BaseDllName.Length,
            NULL
            )))
        {
            baseDllNameBuffer[nativeEntry.BaseDllName.Length / sizeof(WCHAR)] = UNICODE_NULL;
        }
        else
        {
            baseDllNameBuffer[0] = UNICODE_NULL;
            nativeEntry.BaseDllName.Length = 0;
        }

        nativeEntry.BaseDllName.Buffer = baseDllNameBuffer;

        // Read the full DLL name string and add a null terminator.

        fullDllNameBuffer = PhAllocate(nativeEntry.FullDllName.Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL));

        if (NT_SUCCESS(NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            nativeEntry.FullDllName.Buffer,
            fullDllNameBuffer,
            nativeEntry.FullDllName.Length,
            NULL
            )))
        {
            fullDllNameBuffer[nativeEntry.FullDllName.Length / sizeof(WCHAR)] = UNICODE_NULL;

            if (!(parameters->Flags & PH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_DONT_RESOLVE_WOW64_FS))
            {
                // WOW64 file system redirection - convert "system32" to "SysWOW64".
                if (!(nativeEntry.FullDllName.Length & 1)) // validate the string length
                {
                    fullDllName.Buffer = fullDllNameBuffer;
                    fullDllName.Length = nativeEntry.FullDllName.Length;

                    PhGetSystemRoot(&systemRootString);

                    if (PhStartsWithStringRef(&fullDllName, &systemRootString, TRUE))
                    {
                        PhSkipStringRef(&fullDllName, systemRootString.Length);

                        if (PhStartsWithStringRef(&fullDllName, &system32String, TRUE))
                        {
                            fullDllName.Buffer[1] = L'S';
                            fullDllName.Buffer[4] = L'W';
                            fullDllName.Buffer[5] = L'O';
                            fullDllName.Buffer[6] = L'W';
                            fullDllName.Buffer[7] = L'6';
                            fullDllName.Buffer[8] = L'4';
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            fullDllNameBuffer[0] = UNICODE_NULL;
            nativeEntry.FullDllName.Length = 0;
        }

        nativeEntry.FullDllName.Buffer = fullDllNameBuffer;
    }

    if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_8)
    {
        LDR_DDAG_NODE32 ldrDagNode32 = { 0 };

        if (NT_SUCCESS(NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            UlongToPtr(Entry->DdagNode),
            &ldrDagNode32,
            sizeof(LDR_DDAG_NODE32),
            NULL
            )))
        {
            // Fixup the module load count. (dmex)
            nativeEntry.ObsoleteLoadCount = (USHORT)ldrDagNode32.LoadCount;
        }
    }

    // Execute the callback.
    cont = parameters->Callback(&nativeEntry, parameters->Context);

    if (mappedFileName)
    {
        PhDereferenceObject(mappedFileName);
    }
    else
    {
        if (baseDllNameBuffer)
            PhFree(baseDllNameBuffer);
        if (fullDllNameBuffer)
            PhFree(fullDllNameBuffer);
    }

    return cont;
}

/**
 * Enumerates the 32-bit modules loaded by a process.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have
 * PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION and PROCESS_VM_READ access.
 * \param Callback A callback function which is executed for each process module.
 * \param Context A user-defined value to pass to the callback function.
 *
 * \retval STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED The process is not running under WOW64.
 *
 * \remarks Do not use this function under a 32-bit environment.
 */
NTSTATUS PhEnumProcessModules32(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PPH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_CALLBACK Callback,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context
    )
{
    PH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_PARAMETERS parameters;

    parameters.Callback = Callback;
    parameters.Context = Context;
    parameters.Flags = 0;

    return PhEnumProcessModules32Ex(ProcessHandle, &parameters);
}

/**
 * Enumerates the 32-bit modules loaded by a process.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have
 * PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION and PROCESS_VM_READ access. If
 * \c PH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_TRY_MAPPED_FILE_NAME is specified in \a Parameters, the handle should
 * have PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION access.
 * \param Parameters The enumeration parameters.
 *
 * \retval STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED The process is not running under WOW64.
 *
 * \remarks Do not use this function under a 32-bit environment.
 */
NTSTATUS PhEnumProcessModules32Ex(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PPH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_PARAMETERS Parameters
    )
{
    return PhpEnumProcessModules32(
        ProcessHandle,
        PhpEnumProcessModules32Callback,
        Parameters,
        NULL
        );
}

BOOLEAN NTAPI PhpSetProcessModuleLoadCount32Callback(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY32 Entry,
    _In_ ULONG AddressOfEntry,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context1,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context2
    )
{
    PSET_PROCESS_MODULE_LOAD_COUNT_CONTEXT context = Context1;

    if (context && UlongToPtr(Entry->DllBase) == context->BaseAddress)
    {
        context->Status = NtWriteVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            UlongToPtr(AddressOfEntry + FIELD_OFFSET(LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY32, ObsoleteLoadCount)),
            &context->LoadCount,
            sizeof(USHORT),
            NULL
            );

        return FALSE;
    }

    return TRUE;
}

/**
 * Sets the load count of a 32-bit process module.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have
 * PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, PROCESS_VM_READ and PROCESS_VM_WRITE access.
 * \param BaseAddress The base address of a module.
 * \param LoadCount The new load count of the module.
 *
 * \retval STATUS_DLL_NOT_FOUND The module was not found.
 * \retval STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED The process is not running under WOW64.
 *
 * \remarks Do not use this function under a 32-bit environment.
 */
NTSTATUS PhSetProcessModuleLoadCount32(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PVOID BaseAddress,
    _In_ ULONG LoadCount
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    SET_PROCESS_MODULE_LOAD_COUNT_CONTEXT context;

    context.Status = STATUS_DLL_NOT_FOUND;
    context.BaseAddress = BaseAddress;
    context.LoadCount = LoadCount;

    status = PhpEnumProcessModules32(
        ProcessHandle,
        PhpSetProcessModuleLoadCount32Callback,
        &context,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    return context.Status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessQuotaLimits(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PQUOTA_LIMITS QuotaLimits
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;

    status = NtQueryInformationProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessQuotaLimits,
        QuotaLimits,
        sizeof(QUOTA_LIMITS),
        NULL
        );

    // Not implemented (dmex)
    //if ((status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) && (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax))
    //{
    //    status = KphQueryInformationProcess(
    //        ProcessHandle,
    //        KphProcessQuotaLimits,
    //        QuotaLimits,
    //        sizeof(QUOTA_LIMITS),
    //        NULL
    //        );
    //}

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetProcessQuotaLimits(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ QUOTA_LIMITS QuotaLimits
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;

    status = NtSetInformationProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessQuotaLimits,
        &QuotaLimits,
        sizeof(QUOTA_LIMITS)
        );

    if ((status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) && (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax))
    {
        status = KphSetInformationProcess(
            ProcessHandle,
            KphProcessQuotaLimits,
            &QuotaLimits,
            sizeof(QUOTA_LIMITS)
            );
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetProcessEmptyWorkingSet(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    QUOTA_LIMITS_EX quotaLimits;

    memset(&quotaLimits, 0, sizeof(QUOTA_LIMITS_EX));
    quotaLimits.MinimumWorkingSetSize = SIZE_MAX;
    quotaLimits.MaximumWorkingSetSize = SIZE_MAX;

    status = NtSetInformationProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessQuotaLimits,
        &quotaLimits,
        sizeof(QUOTA_LIMITS_EX)
        );

    if ((status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) && (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax))
    {
        status = KphSetInformationProcess(
            ProcessHandle,
            KphProcessEmptyWorkingSet,
            &quotaLimits,
            sizeof(QUOTA_LIMITS_EX)
            );
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetProcessEmptyPageWorkingSet(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PVOID BaseAddress,
    _In_ SIZE_T Size
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID baseAddress;
    SIZE_T regionSize;

    baseAddress = BaseAddress;
    regionSize = Size;

    // Calling VirtualUnlock on a range of memory that is not locked
    // releases the pages from the process's working set. (MSDN)

    status = NtUnlockVirtualMemory(
        ProcessHandle,
        &baseAddress,
        &regionSize,
        MAP_PROCESS
        );

    // Note: STATUS_SUCCESS is a bad status in this case. (dmex)
    assert(status == STATUS_NOT_LOCKED);

    if (status == STATUS_NOT_LOCKED)
        status = STATUS_SUCCESS;

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessPriority(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PUCHAR PriorityClass
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PROCESS_PRIORITY_CLASS processPriorityClass;

    memset(&processPriorityClass, 0, sizeof(PROCESS_PRIORITY_CLASS));

    status = NtQueryInformationProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessPriorityClass,
        &processPriorityClass,
        sizeof(PROCESS_PRIORITY_CLASS),
        NULL
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *PriorityClass = processPriorityClass.PriorityClass;
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetProcessPriority(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ UCHAR PriorityClass
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;

    if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_11_22H1)
    {
        PROCESS_PRIORITY_CLASS_EX processPriorityClassEx;

        memset(&processPriorityClassEx, 0, sizeof(PROCESS_PRIORITY_CLASS_EX));
        processPriorityClassEx.PriorityClassValid = TRUE;
        processPriorityClassEx.PriorityClass = PriorityClass;

        status = NtSetInformationProcess(
            ProcessHandle,
            ProcessPriorityClassEx,
            &processPriorityClassEx,
            sizeof(PROCESS_PRIORITY_CLASS_EX)
            );

        if ((status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) && (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax))
        {
            status = KphSetInformationProcess(
                ProcessHandle,
                KphProcessPriorityClassEx,
                &processPriorityClassEx,
                sizeof(PROCESS_PRIORITY_CLASS_EX)
                );
        }
    }
    else
    {
        PROCESS_PRIORITY_CLASS processPriorityClass;

        memset(&processPriorityClass, 0, sizeof(PROCESS_PRIORITY_CLASS));
        processPriorityClass.Foreground = FALSE;
        processPriorityClass.PriorityClass = PriorityClass;

        status = NtSetInformationProcess(
            ProcessHandle,
            ProcessPriorityClass,
            &processPriorityClass,
            sizeof(PROCESS_PRIORITY_CLASS)
            );

        if ((status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) && (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax))
        {
            status = KphSetInformationProcess(
                ProcessHandle,
                KphProcessPriorityClass,
                &processPriorityClass,
                sizeof(PROCESS_PRIORITY_CLASS)
                );
        }
    }

    return status;
}

/**
 * Sets a process' I/O priority.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have PROCESS_SET_INFORMATION access.
 * \param IoPriority The new I/O priority.
 */
NTSTATUS PhSetProcessIoPriority(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ IO_PRIORITY_HINT IoPriority
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;

    status = NtSetInformationProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessIoPriority,
        &IoPriority,
        sizeof(IO_PRIORITY_HINT)
        );

    if ((status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) && (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax))
    {
        status = KphSetInformationProcess(
            ProcessHandle,
            KphProcessIoPriority,
            &IoPriority,
            sizeof(IO_PRIORITY_HINT)
            );
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetProcessPagePriority(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ ULONG PagePriority
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PAGE_PRIORITY_INFORMATION pagePriorityInfo;

    pagePriorityInfo.PagePriority = PagePriority;

    status = NtSetInformationProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessPagePriority,
        &pagePriorityInfo,
        sizeof(PAGE_PRIORITY_INFORMATION)
        );

    if ((status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) && (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax))
    {
        status = KphSetInformationProcess(
            ProcessHandle,
            KphProcessPagePriority,
            &pagePriorityInfo,
            sizeof(PAGE_PRIORITY_INFORMATION)
            );
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetProcessPriorityBoost(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ BOOLEAN PriorityBoost
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    ULONG priorityBoost;

    priorityBoost = PriorityBoost ? 1 : 0;

    status = NtSetInformationProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessPriorityBoost,
        &priorityBoost,
        sizeof(ULONG)
        );

    if ((status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) && (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax))
    {
        status = KphSetInformationProcess(
            ProcessHandle,
            KphProcessPriorityBoost,
            &priorityBoost,
            sizeof(ULONG)
            );
    }

    return status;
}

/**
 * Sets a process' affinity mask.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have PROCESS_SET_INFORMATION access.
 * \param AffinityMask The new affinity mask.
 */
NTSTATUS PhSetProcessAffinityMask(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ KAFFINITY AffinityMask
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;

    status = NtSetInformationProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessAffinityMask,
        &AffinityMask,
        sizeof(KAFFINITY)
        );

    if ((status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) && (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax))
    {
        status = KphSetInformationProcess(
            ProcessHandle,
            KphProcessAffinityMask,
            &AffinityMask,
            sizeof(KAFFINITY)
            );
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetProcessGroupAffinity(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ GROUP_AFFINITY GroupAffinity
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;

    status = NtSetInformationProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessAffinityMask,
        &GroupAffinity,
        sizeof(GROUP_AFFINITY)
        );

    if ((status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) && (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax))
    {
        status = KphSetInformationProcess(
            ProcessHandle,
            KphProcessAffinityMask,
            &GroupAffinity,
            sizeof(GROUP_AFFINITY)
            );
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetProcessPowerThrottlingState(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ ULONG ControlMask,
    _In_ ULONG StateMask
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    POWER_THROTTLING_PROCESS_STATE powerThrottlingState;

    memset(&powerThrottlingState, 0, sizeof(POWER_THROTTLING_PROCESS_STATE));
    powerThrottlingState.Version = POWER_THROTTLING_PROCESS_CURRENT_VERSION;
    powerThrottlingState.ControlMask = ControlMask;
    powerThrottlingState.StateMask = StateMask;

    status = NtSetInformationProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessPowerThrottlingState,
        &powerThrottlingState,
        sizeof(POWER_THROTTLING_PROCESS_STATE)
        );

    if ((status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) && (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax))
    {
        status = KphSetInformationProcess(
            ProcessHandle,
            KphProcessPowerThrottlingState,
            &powerThrottlingState,
            sizeof(POWER_THROTTLING_PROCESS_STATE)
            );
    }

    return status;
}

PVOID PhGetDllHandle(
    _In_ PWSTR DllName
    )
{
    return PhGetLoaderEntryDllBase(DllName);

    //UNICODE_STRING dllName;
    //PVOID dllHandle;
    //
    //RtlInitUnicodeString(&dllName, DllName);
    //
    //if (NT_SUCCESS(LdrGetDllHandle(NULL, NULL, &dllName, &dllHandle)))
    //    return dllHandle;
    //else
    //    return NULL;
}

PVOID PhGetModuleProcAddress(
    _In_ PWSTR ModuleName,
    _In_ PSTR ProcedureName
    )
{
    return PhGetDllProcedureAddress(ModuleName, ProcedureName, 0);

    //PVOID module;
    //
    //module = PhGetDllHandle(ModuleName);
    //
    //if (module)
    //    return PhGetProcedureAddress(module, ProcName, 0);
    //else
    //    return NULL;
}

PVOID PhGetProcedureAddress(
    _In_ PVOID DllHandle,
    _In_opt_ PSTR ProcedureName,
    _In_opt_ ULONG ProcedureNumber
    )
{
    return PhGetDllBaseProcedureAddress(DllHandle, ProcedureName, (USHORT)ProcedureNumber);

    //NTSTATUS status;
    //ANSI_STRING procedureName;
    //PVOID procedureAddress;
    //
    //if (ProcedureName)
    //{
    //    RtlInitAnsiString(&procedureName, ProcedureName);
    //    status = LdrGetProcedureAddress(
    //        DllHandle,
    //        &procedureName,
    //        0,
    //        &procedureAddress
    //        );
    //}
    //else
    //{
    //    status = LdrGetProcedureAddress(
    //        DllHandle,
    //        NULL,
    //        ProcedureNumber,
    //        &procedureAddress
    //        );
    //}
    //
    //if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    //    return NULL;
    //
    //return procedureAddress;
}

typedef struct _PH_PROCEDURE_ADDRESS_REMOTE_CONTEXT
{
    PVOID DllBase;
    PPH_STRING FileName;
} PH_PROCEDURE_ADDRESS_REMOTE_CONTEXT, *PPH_PROCEDURE_ADDRESS_REMOTE_CONTEXT;

static BOOLEAN PhpGetProcedureAddressRemoteCallback(
    _In_ PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY Module,
    _In_ PPH_PROCEDURE_ADDRESS_REMOTE_CONTEXT Context
    )
{
    PH_STRINGREF fullDllName;

    PhUnicodeStringToStringRef(&Module->FullDllName, &fullDllName);

    if (PhEqualStringRef(&fullDllName, &Context->FileName->sr, TRUE))
    {
        Context->DllBase = Module->DllBase;
        return FALSE;
    }

    return TRUE;
}

/**
 * Gets the address of a procedure in a process.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle must have
 * PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION and PROCESS_VM_READ access.
 * \param FileName The file name of the DLL containing the procedure.
 * \param ProcedureName The name of the procedure.
 * \param ProcedureNumber The ordinal of the procedure.
 * \param ProcedureAddress A variable which receives the address of the procedure in the address
 * space of the process.
 * \param DllBase A variable which receives the base address of the DLL containing the procedure.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetProcedureAddressRemoteStringRef(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF FileName,
    _In_opt_ PSTR ProcedureName,
    _In_opt_ USHORT ProcedureNumber,
    _Out_ PVOID *ProcedureAddress,
    _Out_opt_ PVOID *DllBase
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PPH_STRING fileName;
    PH_MAPPED_IMAGE mappedImage;
    PH_MAPPED_IMAGE_EXPORTS exports;
    PH_PROCEDURE_ADDRESS_REMOTE_CONTEXT context;
    PH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_PARAMETERS parameters;

    status = PhLoadMappedImageEx(FileName, NULL, &mappedImage);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    status = PhGetProcessMappedFileName(NtCurrentProcess(), mappedImage.ViewBase, &fileName);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    memset(&context, 0, sizeof(PH_PROCEDURE_ADDRESS_REMOTE_CONTEXT));
    context.FileName = fileName;

    memset(&parameters, 0, sizeof(PH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_PARAMETERS));
    parameters.Callback = PhpGetProcedureAddressRemoteCallback;
    parameters.Context = &context;
    parameters.Flags = PH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_TRY_MAPPED_FILE_NAME;

    switch (mappedImage.Magic)
    {
    case IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR32_MAGIC:
        status = PhEnumProcessModules32Ex(ProcessHandle, &parameters);
        break;
    case IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR64_MAGIC:
        status = PhEnumProcessModulesEx(ProcessHandle, &parameters);
        break;
    }

    PhDereferenceObject(fileName);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    if (!context.DllBase)
    {
        status = STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
        goto CleanupExit;
    }

    status = PhGetMappedImageExports(&exports, &mappedImage);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    status = PhGetMappedImageExportFunctionRemote(
        &exports,
        ProcedureName,
        ProcedureNumber,
        context.DllBase,
        ProcedureAddress
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        if (DllBase)
            *DllBase = context.DllBase;
    }

CleanupExit:
    PhUnloadMappedImage(&mappedImage);

    return status;
}

/**
 * Enumerates the modules loaded by the kernel.
 *
 * \param Modules A variable which receives a pointer to a structure containing information about
 * the kernel modules. You must free the structure using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhEnumKernelModules(
    _Out_ PRTL_PROCESS_MODULES *Modules
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize = 2048;

    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
        SystemModuleInformation,
        buffer,
        bufferSize,
        &bufferSize
        );

    if (status == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

        status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
            SystemModuleInformation,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            &bufferSize
            );
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    *Modules = buffer;

    return status;
}

/**
 * Enumerates the modules loaded by the kernel.
 *
 * \param Modules A variable which receives a pointer to a structure containing information about
 * the kernel modules. You must free the structure using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhEnumKernelModulesEx(
    _Out_ PRTL_PROCESS_MODULE_INFORMATION_EX *Modules
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize = 2048;

    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
        SystemModuleInformationEx,
        buffer,
        bufferSize,
        &bufferSize
        );

    if (status == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

        status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
            SystemModuleInformationEx,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            &bufferSize
            );
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    *Modules = buffer;

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets the file name of the kernel image.
 *
 * \return A pointer to a string containing the kernel image file name. You must free the string
 * using PhDereferenceObject() when you no longer need it.
 */
PPH_STRING PhGetKernelFileName(
    VOID
    )
{
    PRTL_PROCESS_MODULES modules;
    PPH_STRING fileName = NULL;

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(PhEnumKernelModules(&modules)))
        return NULL;

    if (modules->NumberOfModules >= 1)
    {
        fileName = PhConvertMultiByteToUtf16(modules->Modules[0].FullPathName);
    }

    PhFree(modules);

    return fileName;
}

/**
 * Enumerates the running processes.
 *
 * \param Processes A variable which receives a pointer to a buffer containing process information.
 * You must free the buffer using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 *
 * \remarks You can use the \ref PH_FIRST_PROCESS and \ref PH_NEXT_PROCESS macros to process the
 * information contained in the buffer.
 */
NTSTATUS PhEnumProcesses(
    _Out_ PVOID *Processes
    )
{
    return PhEnumProcessesEx(Processes, SystemProcessInformation);
}

/**
 * Enumerates the running processes.
 *
 * \param Processes A variable which receives a pointer to a buffer containing process information.
 * You must free the buffer using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 *
 * \remarks You can use the \ref PH_FIRST_PROCESS and \ref PH_NEXT_PROCESS macros to process the
 * information contained in the buffer.
 */
NTSTATUS PhEnumProcessesEx(
    _Out_ PVOID *Processes,
    _In_ SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS SystemInformationClass
    )
{
    static ULONG initialBufferSize[3] = { 0x4000, 0x4000, 0x4000 };
    NTSTATUS status;
    ULONG classIndex;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize;

    switch (SystemInformationClass)
    {
    case SystemProcessInformation:
        classIndex = 0;
        break;
    case SystemExtendedProcessInformation:
        classIndex = 1;
        break;
    case SystemFullProcessInformation:
        classIndex = 2;
        break;
    default:
        return STATUS_INVALID_INFO_CLASS;
    }

    bufferSize = initialBufferSize[classIndex];
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    while (TRUE)
    {
        status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
            SystemInformationClass,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            &bufferSize
            );

        if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL || status == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
            buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
        }
        else
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        return status;
    }

    if (bufferSize <= 0x100000) initialBufferSize[classIndex] = bufferSize;
    *Processes = buffer;

    return status;
}

/**
 * Enumerates the running processes for a session.
 *
 * \param Processes A variable which receives a pointer to a buffer containing process information.
 * You must free the buffer using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 * \param SessionId A session ID.
 *
 * \remarks You can use the \ref PH_FIRST_PROCESS and \ref PH_NEXT_PROCESS macros to process the
 * information contained in the buffer.
 */
NTSTATUS PhEnumProcessesForSession(
    _Out_ PVOID *Processes,
    _In_ ULONG SessionId
    )
{
    static ULONG initialBufferSize = 0x4000;
    NTSTATUS status;
    SYSTEM_SESSION_PROCESS_INFORMATION sessionProcessInfo;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize;

    bufferSize = initialBufferSize;
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    sessionProcessInfo.SessionId = SessionId;

    while (TRUE)
    {
        sessionProcessInfo.SizeOfBuf = bufferSize;
        sessionProcessInfo.Buffer = buffer;

        status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
            SystemSessionProcessInformation,
            &sessionProcessInfo,
            sizeof(SYSTEM_SESSION_PROCESS_INFORMATION),
            &bufferSize // size of the inner buffer gets returned
            );

        if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL || status == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
            buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
        }
        else
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        return status;
    }

    if (bufferSize <= 0x100000) initialBufferSize = bufferSize;
    *Processes = buffer;

    return status;
}

/**
 * Finds the process information structure for a specific process.
 *
 * \param Processes A pointer to a buffer returned by PhEnumProcesses().
 * \param ProcessId The ID of the process.
 *
 * \return A pointer to the process information structure for the specified process, or NULL if the
 * structure could not be found.
 */
PSYSTEM_PROCESS_INFORMATION PhFindProcessInformation(
    _In_ PVOID Processes,
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessId
    )
{
    PSYSTEM_PROCESS_INFORMATION process;

    process = PH_FIRST_PROCESS(Processes);

    do
    {
        if (process->UniqueProcessId == ProcessId)
            return process;
    } while (process = PH_NEXT_PROCESS(process));

    return NULL;
}

/**
 * Finds the process information structure for a specific process.
 *
 * \param Processes A pointer to a buffer returned by PhEnumProcesses().
 * \param ImageName The image name to search for.
 *
 * \return A pointer to the process information structure for the specified process, or NULL if the
 * structure could not be found.
 */
PSYSTEM_PROCESS_INFORMATION PhFindProcessInformationByImageName(
    _In_ PVOID Processes,
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF ImageName
    )
{
    PSYSTEM_PROCESS_INFORMATION process;
    PH_STRINGREF processImageName;

    process = PH_FIRST_PROCESS(Processes);

    do
    {
        PhUnicodeStringToStringRef(&process->ImageName, &processImageName);

        if (PhEqualStringRef(&processImageName, ImageName, TRUE))
            return process;
    } while (process = PH_NEXT_PROCESS(process));

    return NULL;
}

/**
 * Enumerates all open handles.
 *
 * \param Handles A variable which receives a pointer to a structure containing information about
 * all opened handles. You must free the structure using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 *
 * \retval STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES The handle information returned by the kernel is too large.
 */
NTSTATUS PhEnumHandles(
    _Out_ PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION *Handles
    )
{
    static ULONG initialBufferSize = 0x4000;
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize;

    bufferSize = initialBufferSize;
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    while ((status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
        SystemHandleInformation,
        buffer,
        bufferSize,
        NULL
        )) == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        bufferSize *= 2;

        // Fail if we're resizing the buffer to something very large.
        if (bufferSize > PH_LARGE_BUFFER_SIZE)
            return STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;

        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        return status;
    }

    if (bufferSize <= 0x100000) initialBufferSize = bufferSize;
    *Handles = (PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION)buffer;

    return status;
}

/**
 * Enumerates all open handles.
 *
 * \param Handles A variable which receives a pointer to a structure containing information about
 * all opened handles. You must free the structure using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 *
 * \retval STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES The handle information returned by the kernel is too large.
 *
 * \remarks This function is only available starting with Windows XP.
 */
NTSTATUS PhEnumHandlesEx(
    _Out_ PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION_EX *Handles
    )
{
    static ULONG initialBufferSize = 0x10000;
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize;
    ULONG returnLength = 0;
    ULONG attempts = 0;

    bufferSize = initialBufferSize;
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
        SystemExtendedHandleInformation,
        buffer,
        bufferSize,
        &returnLength
        );

    while (status == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH && attempts < 10)
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        bufferSize = returnLength;
        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

        status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
            SystemExtendedHandleInformation,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            &returnLength
            );

        attempts++;
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        // Fall back to using the previous code that we've used since Windows XP (dmex)
        bufferSize = initialBufferSize;
        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

        while ((status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
            SystemExtendedHandleInformation,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            NULL
            )) == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
            bufferSize *= 2;

            // Fail if we're resizing the buffer to something very large.
            if (bufferSize > PH_LARGE_BUFFER_SIZE)
                return STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;

            buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
        }
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        return status;
    }

    if (bufferSize <= 0x200000) initialBufferSize = bufferSize;
    *Handles = (PSYSTEM_HANDLE_INFORMATION_EX)buffer;

    return status;
}

/**
 * Enumerates all open handles.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to the process. The handle must have PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION access.
 * \param Handles A variable which receives a pointer to a structure containing information about
 * handles opened by the process. You must free the structure using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 *
 * \retval STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES The handle information returned by the kernel is too large.
 *
 * \remarks This function is only available starting with Windows 8.
 */
NTSTATUS PhEnumHandlesEx2(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PPROCESS_HANDLE_SNAPSHOT_INFORMATION *Handles
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PPROCESS_HANDLE_SNAPSHOT_INFORMATION buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize;
    ULONG returnLength = 0;
    ULONG attempts = 0;

    bufferSize = 0x8000;
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
    buffer->NumberOfHandles = 0;

    status = NtQueryInformationProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessHandleInformation,
        buffer,
        bufferSize,
        &returnLength
        );

    while (status == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH && attempts < 8)
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        bufferSize = returnLength;
        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
        buffer->NumberOfHandles = 0;

        status = NtQueryInformationProcess(
            ProcessHandle,
            ProcessHandleInformation,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            &returnLength
            );

        attempts++;
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        // NOTE: This is needed to workaround minimal processes on Windows 10
        // returning STATUS_SUCCESS with invalid handle data. (dmex)
        // NOTE: 21H1 and above no longer set NumberOfHandles to zero before returning
        // STATUS_SUCCESS so we first zero the entire buffer using PhAllocateZero. (dmex)
        if (buffer->NumberOfHandles == 0)
        {
            status = STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
            PhFree(buffer);
        }
        else
        {
            *Handles = buffer;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
    }

    return status;
}

/**
 * Enumerates all pagefiles.
 *
 * \param Pagefiles A variable which receives a pointer to a buffer containing information about all
 * active pagefiles. You must free the structure using PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 *
 * \retval STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES The handle information returned by the kernel is too large.
 */
NTSTATUS PhEnumPagefiles(
    _Out_ PVOID *Pagefiles
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize = 0x200;

    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    while ((status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
        SystemPageFileInformation,
        buffer,
        bufferSize,
        NULL
        )) == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        bufferSize *= 2;

        // Fail if we're resizing the buffer to something very large.
        if (bufferSize > PH_LARGE_BUFFER_SIZE)
            return STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;

        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        return status;
    }

    *Pagefiles = buffer;

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhEnumPagefilesEx(
    _Out_ PVOID *Pagefiles
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize = 0x200;

    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    while ((status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
        SystemPageFileInformationEx,
        buffer,
        bufferSize,
        NULL
        )) == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        bufferSize *= 2;

        // Fail if we're resizing the buffer to something very large.
        if (bufferSize > PH_LARGE_BUFFER_SIZE)
            return STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;

        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        return status;
    }

    *Pagefiles = buffer;

    return status;
}

/**
 * Determines if a process is managed.
 *
 * \param ProcessId The ID of the process.
 * \param IsDotNet A variable which receives a boolean indicating whether the process is managed.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetProcessIsDotNet(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessId,
    _Out_ PBOOLEAN IsDotNet
    )
{
    return PhGetProcessIsDotNetEx(ProcessId, NULL, 0, IsDotNet, NULL);
}

BOOLEAN NTAPI PhpIsDotNetEnumProcessModulesCallback(
    _In_ PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY Module,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context
    )
{
    static PH_STRINGREF clrString = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"clr.dll");
    static PH_STRINGREF clrcoreString = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"coreclr.dll");
    static PH_STRINGREF mscorwksString = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"mscorwks.dll");
    static PH_STRINGREF mscorsvrString = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"mscorsvr.dll");
    static PH_STRINGREF mscorlibString = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"mscorlib.dll");
    static PH_STRINGREF mscorlibNiString = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"mscorlib.ni.dll");
    static PH_STRINGREF frameworkString = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework\\");
    static PH_STRINGREF framework64String = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework64\\");
    PH_STRINGREF baseDllName;

    if (!Context)
        return TRUE;

    PhUnicodeStringToStringRef(&Module->BaseDllName, &baseDllName);

    if (
        PhEqualStringRef(&baseDllName, &clrString, TRUE) ||
        PhEqualStringRef(&baseDllName, &mscorwksString, TRUE) ||
        PhEqualStringRef(&baseDllName, &mscorsvrString, TRUE)
        )
    {
        PH_STRINGREF fileName;
        PH_STRINGREF systemRoot;
        PPH_STRINGREF frameworkPart;

#ifdef _WIN64
        if (*(PULONG)Context & PH_CLR_PROCESS_IS_WOW64)
        {
#endif
            frameworkPart = &frameworkString;
#ifdef _WIN64
        }
        else
        {
            frameworkPart = &framework64String;
        }
#endif

        PhUnicodeStringToStringRef(&Module->FullDllName, &fileName);
        PhGetSystemRoot(&systemRoot);

        if (PhStartsWithStringRef(&fileName, &systemRoot, TRUE))
        {
            fileName.Buffer = PTR_ADD_OFFSET(fileName.Buffer, systemRoot.Length);
            fileName.Length -= systemRoot.Length;

            if (PhStartsWithStringRef(&fileName, frameworkPart, TRUE))
            {
                fileName.Buffer = PTR_ADD_OFFSET(fileName.Buffer, frameworkPart->Length);
                fileName.Length -= frameworkPart->Length;

                if (fileName.Length >= 4 * sizeof(WCHAR)) // vx.x
                {
                    if (fileName.Buffer[1] == L'1')
                    {
                        if (fileName.Buffer[3] == L'0')
                            *(PULONG)Context |= PH_CLR_VERSION_1_0;
                        else if (fileName.Buffer[3] == L'1')
                            *(PULONG)Context |= PH_CLR_VERSION_1_1;
                    }
                    else if (fileName.Buffer[1] == L'2')
                    {
                        *(PULONG)Context |= PH_CLR_VERSION_2_0;
                    }
                    else if (fileName.Buffer[1] >= L'4' && fileName.Buffer[1] <= L'9')
                    {
                        *(PULONG)Context |= PH_CLR_VERSION_4_ABOVE;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    else if (
        PhEqualStringRef(&baseDllName, &mscorlibString, TRUE) ||
        PhEqualStringRef(&baseDllName, &mscorlibNiString, TRUE)
        )
    {
        *(PULONG)Context |= PH_CLR_MSCORLIB_PRESENT;
    }
    else if (PhEqualStringRef(&baseDllName, &clrcoreString, TRUE))
    {
        *(PULONG)Context |= PH_CLR_CORELIB_PRESENT;
    }

    return TRUE;
}

typedef struct _PHP_PIPE_NAME_HASH
{
    ULONG Hash;
} PHP_PIPE_NAME_HASH, *PPHP_PIPE_NAME_HASH;

static BOOLEAN NTAPI PhpDotNetCorePipeHashCallback(
    _In_ PVOID Information,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context
    )
{
    PFILE_DIRECTORY_INFORMATION fileInfo = Information;
    PHP_PIPE_NAME_HASH objectPipe;
    PH_STRINGREF objectName;

    if (!Context)
        return FALSE;

    objectName.Length = fileInfo->FileNameLength;
    objectName.Buffer = fileInfo->FileName;
    objectPipe.Hash = PhHashStringRefEx(&objectName, TRUE, PH_STRING_HASH_X65599);

    PhAddItemArray(Context, &objectPipe);

    return TRUE;
}

/**
 * Determines if a process is managed.
 *
 * \param ProcessId The ID of the process.
 * \param ProcessHandle An optional handle to the process. The handle must have
 * PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION and PROCESS_VM_READ access.
 * \param InFlags A combination of flags.
 * \li \c PH_CLR_USE_SECTION_CHECK Checks for the existence of related section objects to determine
 * whether the process is managed.
 * \li \c PH_CLR_NO_WOW64_CHECK Instead of a separate query, uses the presence of the
 * \c PH_CLR_KNOWN_IS_WOW64 flag to determine whether the process is running under WOW64.
 * \li \c PH_CLR_KNOWN_IS_WOW64 When \c PH_CLR_NO_WOW64_CHECK is specified, indicates that the
 * process is managed.
 * \param IsDotNet A variable which receives a boolean indicating whether the process is managed.
 * \param Flags A variable which receives additional flags.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetProcessIsDotNetEx(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessId,
    _In_opt_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ ULONG InFlags,
    _Out_opt_ PBOOLEAN IsDotNet,
    _Out_opt_ PULONG Flags
    )
{
    if (InFlags & PH_CLR_USE_SECTION_CHECK)
    {
        NTSTATUS status;
        HANDLE sectionHandle;
        SIZE_T returnLength;
        OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
        UNICODE_STRING objectName;
        PH_STRINGREF objectNameSr;
        PH_FORMAT format[2];
        WCHAR formatBuffer[0x80];

        // Most .NET processes have a handle open to a section named
        // \BaseNamedObjects\Cor_Private_IPCBlock(_v4)_<ProcessId>. This is the same object used by
        // the ICorPublish::GetProcess function. Instead of calling that function, we simply check
        // for the existence of that section object. This means:
        // * Better performance.
        // * No need for admin rights to get .NET status of processes owned by other users.

        // Version 4 section object

        PhInitFormatS(&format[0], L"\\BaseNamedObjects\\Cor_Private_IPCBlock_v4_");
        PhInitFormatU(&format[1], HandleToUlong(ProcessId));

        if (PhFormatToBuffer(format, RTL_NUMBER_OF(format), formatBuffer, sizeof(formatBuffer), &returnLength))
        {
            objectNameSr.Length = returnLength - sizeof(UNICODE_NULL);
            objectNameSr.Buffer = formatBuffer;

            PhStringRefToUnicodeString(&objectNameSr, &objectName);
        }
        else
        {
            RtlInitEmptyUnicodeString(&objectName, NULL, 0);
        }

        InitializeObjectAttributes(
            &objectAttributes,
            &objectName,
            OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
            NULL,
            NULL
            );
        status = NtOpenSection(
            &sectionHandle,
            SECTION_QUERY,
            &objectAttributes
            );

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status) || status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED)
        {
            if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
                NtClose(sectionHandle);

            if (IsDotNet)
                *IsDotNet = TRUE;

            if (Flags)
                *Flags = PH_CLR_VERSION_4_ABOVE;

            return STATUS_SUCCESS;
        }

        // Version 2 section object

        PhInitFormatS(&format[0], L"\\BaseNamedObjects\\Cor_Private_IPCBlock_");
        PhInitFormatU(&format[1], HandleToUlong(ProcessId));

        if (PhFormatToBuffer(format, RTL_NUMBER_OF(format), formatBuffer, sizeof(formatBuffer), &returnLength))
        {
            objectNameSr.Length = returnLength - sizeof(UNICODE_NULL);
            objectNameSr.Buffer = formatBuffer;

            PhStringRefToUnicodeString(&objectNameSr, &objectName);
        }
        else
        {
            RtlInitEmptyUnicodeString(&objectName, NULL, 0);
        }

        InitializeObjectAttributes(
            &objectAttributes,
            &objectName,
            OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
            NULL,
            NULL
            );
        status = NtOpenSection(
            &sectionHandle,
            SECTION_QUERY,
            &objectAttributes
            );

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status) || status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED)
        {
            if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
                NtClose(sectionHandle);

            if (IsDotNet)
                *IsDotNet = TRUE;

            if (Flags)
                *Flags = PH_CLR_VERSION_2_0;

            return STATUS_SUCCESS;
        }

        // .NET Core 3.0/.NET 5.0

        PhInitFormatS(&format[0], L"dotnet-diagnostic-");
        PhInitFormatU(&format[1], HandleToUlong(ProcessId));

        if (PhFormatToBuffer(format, RTL_NUMBER_OF(format), formatBuffer, sizeof(formatBuffer), &returnLength))
        {
            HANDLE directoryHandle;
            IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;
            ULONG pipeNameHash;
            PH_ARRAY pipeArray;

            objectNameSr.Length = returnLength - sizeof(UNICODE_NULL);
            objectNameSr.Buffer = formatBuffer;
            pipeNameHash = PhHashStringRefEx(&objectNameSr, TRUE, PH_STRING_HASH_X65599);

            RtlInitUnicodeString(&objectName, DEVICE_NAMED_PIPE);
            InitializeObjectAttributes(
                &objectAttributes,
                &objectName,
                OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
                NULL,
                NULL
                );

            status = NtOpenFile(
                &directoryHandle,
                FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY | SYNCHRONIZE,
                &objectAttributes,
                &isb,
                FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
                FILE_DIRECTORY_FILE | FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT
                );

            if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
            {
                static UNICODE_STRING pipeSearchPattern = RTL_CONSTANT_STRING(L"dotnet-diagnostic-*");
                PhInitializeArray(&pipeArray, sizeof(PHP_PIPE_NAME_HASH), 16);

                status = PhEnumDirectoryFile(
                    directoryHandle,
                    &pipeSearchPattern,
                    PhpDotNetCorePipeHashCallback,
                    &pipeArray
                    );

                if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
                {
                    status = STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;

                    for (ULONG i = 0; i < pipeArray.Count; i++)
                    {
                        PPHP_PIPE_NAME_HASH entry = PhItemArray(&pipeArray, i);

                        if (entry->Hash == pipeNameHash)
                        {
                            status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }

                PhDeleteArray(&pipeArray);
                NtClose(directoryHandle);
            }

            // NOTE: The .NET 5 process diagnostics are disabled when querying the pipe file attributes. The pipe will return STATUS_PIPE_NOT_AVAILABLE
            // for all callers until restarting the process. This also prevents dotnet-counters, dotnet-diagnostics and other tools from working. (dmex)
            //
            //FILE_BASIC_INFORMATION fileInfo;
            //
            //objectNameSr.Length = returnLength - sizeof(UNICODE_NULL);
            //objectNameSr.Buffer = formatBuffer;
            //
            //PhStringRefToUnicodeString(&objectNameSr, &objectName);
            //InitializeObjectAttributes(
            //    &objectAttributes,
            //    &objectName,
            //    OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
            //    NULL,
            //    NULL
            //    );
            //
            //status = NtQueryAttributesFile(&objectAttributes, &fileInfo)
            //status == STATUS_PIPE_NOT_AVAILABLE ? status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
        }

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
        {
            if (IsDotNet)
                *IsDotNet = TRUE;
            if (Flags)
                *Flags = PH_CLR_VERSION_4_ABOVE | PH_CLR_CORE_3_0_ABOVE;

            return STATUS_SUCCESS;
        }

        return status;
    }
    else
    {
        NTSTATUS status;
        HANDLE processHandle = NULL;
        ULONG flags = 0;
#ifdef _WIN64
        BOOLEAN isWow64;
#endif

        if (!ProcessHandle)
        {
            if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhOpenProcess(&processHandle, PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION | PROCESS_VM_READ, ProcessId)))
                return status;

            ProcessHandle = processHandle;
        }

#ifdef _WIN64
        if (InFlags & PH_CLR_NO_WOW64_CHECK)
        {
            isWow64 = !!(InFlags & PH_CLR_KNOWN_IS_WOW64);
        }
        else
        {
            isWow64 = FALSE;
            PhGetProcessIsWow64(ProcessHandle, &isWow64);
        }

        if (isWow64)
        {
            flags |= PH_CLR_PROCESS_IS_WOW64;
            status = PhEnumProcessModules32(ProcessHandle, PhpIsDotNetEnumProcessModulesCallback, &flags);
        }
        else
        {
#endif
            status = PhEnumProcessModules(ProcessHandle, PhpIsDotNetEnumProcessModulesCallback, &flags);
#ifdef _WIN64
        }
#endif

        if (processHandle)
            NtClose(processHandle);

        if (IsDotNet)
            *IsDotNet = (flags & PH_CLR_VERSION_MASK) && (flags & (PH_CLR_MSCORLIB_PRESENT | PH_CLR_CORELIB_PRESENT));

        if (Flags)
            *Flags = flags;

        return status;
    }
}

/**
 * Enumerates the objects in a directory object.
 *
 * \param DirectoryHandle A handle to a directory. The handle must have DIRECTORY_QUERY access.
 * \param Callback A callback function which is executed for each object.
 * \param Context A user-defined value to pass to the callback function.
 */
NTSTATUS PhEnumDirectoryObjects(
    _In_ HANDLE DirectoryHandle,
    _In_ PPH_ENUM_DIRECTORY_OBJECTS Callback,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    ULONG context = 0;
    BOOLEAN firstTime = TRUE;
    ULONG bufferSize;
    POBJECT_DIRECTORY_INFORMATION buffer;
    ULONG i;
    BOOLEAN cont;

    bufferSize = 0x200;
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    while (TRUE)
    {
        // Get a batch of entries.

        while ((status = NtQueryDirectoryObject(
            DirectoryHandle,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            FALSE,
            firstTime,
            &context,
            NULL
            )) == STATUS_MORE_ENTRIES)
        {
            // Check if we have at least one entry. If not, we'll double the buffer size and try
            // again.
            if (buffer[0].Name.Buffer)
                break;

            // Make sure we don't use too much memory.
            if (bufferSize > PH_LARGE_BUFFER_SIZE)
            {
                PhFree(buffer);
                return STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES;
            }

            PhFree(buffer);
            bufferSize *= 2;
            buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
        }

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
            return status;
        }

        // Read the batch and execute the callback function for each object.

        i = 0;
        cont = TRUE;

        while (TRUE)
        {
            POBJECT_DIRECTORY_INFORMATION info;
            PH_STRINGREF name;
            PH_STRINGREF typeName;

            info = &buffer[i];

            if (!info->Name.Buffer)
                break;

            PhUnicodeStringToStringRef(&info->Name, &name);
            PhUnicodeStringToStringRef(&info->TypeName, &typeName);

            cont = Callback(&name, &typeName, Context);

            if (!cont)
                break;

            i++;
        }

        if (!cont)
            break;

        if (status != STATUS_MORE_ENTRIES)
            break;

        firstTime = FALSE;
    }

    PhFree(buffer);

    return STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

NTSTATUS PhEnumDirectoryFile(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _In_opt_ PUNICODE_STRING SearchPattern,
    _In_ PPH_ENUM_DIRECTORY_FILE Callback,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context
    )
{
    return PhEnumDirectoryFileEx(
        FileHandle,
        FileDirectoryInformation,
        FALSE,
        SearchPattern,
        Callback,
        Context
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhEnumDirectoryFileEx(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _In_ FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS FileInformationClass,
    _In_ BOOLEAN ReturnSingleEntry,
    _In_opt_ PUNICODE_STRING SearchPattern,
    _In_ PPH_ENUM_DIRECTORY_FILE Callback,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;
    BOOLEAN firstTime = TRUE;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize = 0x400;
    ULONG i;
    BOOLEAN cont;

    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    while (TRUE)
    {
        // Query the directory, doubling the buffer each time NtQueryDirectoryFile fails. (wj32)
        while (TRUE)
        {
            status = NtQueryDirectoryFile(
                FileHandle,
                NULL,
                NULL,
                NULL,
                &isb,
                buffer,
                bufferSize,
                FileInformationClass,
                ReturnSingleEntry,
                SearchPattern,
                firstTime
                );

            // Our ISB is on the stack, so we have to wait for the operation to complete before continuing. (wj32)
            if (status == STATUS_PENDING)
            {
                status = NtWaitForSingleObject(FileHandle, FALSE, NULL);

                if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
                    status = isb.Status;
            }

            if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW || status == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
            {
                PhFree(buffer);
                bufferSize *= 2;
                buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
            }
            else
            {
                break;
            }
        }

        // If we don't have any entries to read, exit. (wj32)
        if (status == STATUS_NO_MORE_FILES)
        {
            status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
            break;
        }

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            break;

        // Read the batch and execute the callback function for each file. (wj32)

        i = 0;
        cont = TRUE;

        while (TRUE)
        {
            PFILE_NAMES_INFORMATION information;

            // HACK: Use the wrong structure for the NextEntryOffset. (dmex)
            information = PTR_ADD_OFFSET(buffer, i);

            if (!Callback(information, Context))
            {
                cont = FALSE;
                break;
            }

            if (information->NextEntryOffset != 0)
                i += information->NextEntryOffset;
            else
                break;
        }

        if (!cont)
            break;

        firstTime = FALSE;
    }

    PhFree(buffer);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhEnumFileExtendedAttributes(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _In_ PPH_ENUM_FILE_EA Callback,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    BOOLEAN firstTime = TRUE;
    BOOLEAN success = FALSE;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;
    ULONG bufferSize;
    PVOID buffer;
    PFILE_FULL_EA_INFORMATION i;

    bufferSize = 0x400;
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    while (TRUE)
    {
        while (TRUE)
        {
            status = NtQueryEaFile(
                FileHandle,
                &isb,
                buffer,
                bufferSize,
                FALSE,
                NULL,
                0,
                NULL,
                firstTime
                );

            if (status == STATUS_PENDING)
            {
                status = NtWaitForSingleObject(FileHandle, FALSE, NULL);

                if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
                    status = isb.Status;
            }

            if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW || status == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
            {
                PhFree(buffer);
                bufferSize *= 2;
                buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
            }
            else
            {
                break;
            }
        }

        if (status == STATUS_NO_MORE_FILES)
        {
            status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
            break;
        }

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            break;

        success = TRUE;

        for (i = PH_FIRST_FILE_EA(buffer); i; i = PH_NEXT_FILE_EA(i))
        {
            if (!Callback(i, Context))
            {
                success = FALSE;
                break;
            }
        }

        if (!success)
            break;

        firstTime = FALSE;
    }

    PhFree(buffer);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetFileExtendedAttributes(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _In_ PPH_BYTESREF Name,
    _In_opt_ PPH_BYTESREF Value
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    ULONG infoLength;
    PFILE_FULL_EA_INFORMATION info;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    infoLength = sizeof(FILE_FULL_EA_INFORMATION) + (ULONG)Name->Length + sizeof(ANSI_NULL);
    if (Value) infoLength += (ULONG)Value->Length + sizeof(ANSI_NULL);

    info = PhAllocateZero(infoLength);
    info->EaNameLength = (UCHAR)Name->Length;
    memcpy(
        info->EaName,
        Name->Buffer,
        Name->Length
        );

    if (Value)
    {
        info->EaValueLength = (USHORT)Value->Length;
        memcpy(
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(info->EaName, info->EaNameLength + sizeof(ANSI_NULL)),
            Value->Buffer,
            Value->Length
            );
    }

    status = NtSetEaFile(
        FileHandle,
        &isb,
        info,
        infoLength
        );

    PhFree(info);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhEnumFileStreams(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _Out_ PVOID *Streams
    )
{
    return PhpQueryFileVariableSize(
        FileHandle,
        FileStreamInformation,
        Streams
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhEnumFileStreamsEx(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _In_ PPH_ENUM_FILE_STREAMS Callback,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    PFILE_STREAM_INFORMATION i;

    status = PhpQueryFileVariableSize(
        FileHandle,
        FileStreamInformation,
        &buffer
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        for (i = PH_FIRST_STREAM(buffer); i; i = PH_NEXT_STREAM(i))
        {
            if (!Callback(i, Context))
                break;
        }

        PhFree(buffer);
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhEnumFileHardLinks(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _Out_ PVOID *HardLinks
    )
{
    return PhpQueryFileVariableSize(
        FileHandle,
        FileHardLinkInformation,
        HardLinks
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhEnumFileHardLinksEx(
    _In_ HANDLE FileHandle,
    _In_ PPH_ENUM_FILE_HARDLINKS Callback,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PFILE_LINKS_INFORMATION buffer;
    PFILE_LINK_ENTRY_INFORMATION i;

    status = PhpQueryFileVariableSize(
        FileHandle,
        FileHardLinkInformation,
        &buffer
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        for (i = PH_FIRST_LINK(&buffer->Entry); i; i = PH_NEXT_LINK(i))
        {
            if (!Callback(i, Context))
                break;
        }

        PhFree(buffer);
    }

    return status;
}

/**
 * Initializes the device prefixes module.
 */
VOID PhpInitializeDevicePrefixes(
    VOID
    )
{
    ULONG i;
    PWCHAR buffer;

    // Allocate one buffer for all 26 prefixes to reduce overhead.
    buffer = PhAllocate(PH_DEVICE_PREFIX_LENGTH * sizeof(WCHAR) * 26);

    for (i = 0; i < 26; i++)
    {
        PhDevicePrefixes[i].Length = 0;
        PhDevicePrefixes[i].MaximumLength = PH_DEVICE_PREFIX_LENGTH * sizeof(WCHAR);
        PhDevicePrefixes[i].Buffer = buffer;
        buffer = PTR_ADD_OFFSET(buffer, PH_DEVICE_PREFIX_LENGTH * sizeof(WCHAR));
    }
}

VOID PhUpdateMupDevicePrefixes(
    VOID
    )
{
    static PH_STRINGREF orderKeyName = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\NetworkProvider\\Order");
    static PH_STRINGREF servicesStringPart = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"System\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\");
    static PH_STRINGREF networkProviderStringPart = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"\\NetworkProvider");

    HANDLE orderKeyHandle;
    PPH_STRING providerOrder = NULL;
    ULONG i;
    PH_STRINGREF remainingPart;
    PH_STRINGREF part;

    // The provider names are stored in the ProviderOrder value in this key:
    // HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\NetworkProvider\Order
    // Each name can then be looked up, its device name in the DeviceName value in:
    // HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\<ProviderName>\NetworkProvider

    // Note that we assume the providers only claim their device name. Some providers such as DFS
    // claim an extra part, and are not resolved correctly here.

    if (NT_SUCCESS(PhOpenKey(
        &orderKeyHandle,
        KEY_READ,
        PH_KEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
        &orderKeyName,
        0
        )))
    {
        providerOrder = PhQueryRegistryString(orderKeyHandle, L"ProviderOrder");
        NtClose(orderKeyHandle);
    }

    if (!providerOrder)
        return;

    PhAcquireQueuedLockExclusive(&PhDeviceMupPrefixesLock);

    for (i = 0; i < PhDeviceMupPrefixesCount; i++)
    {
        PhDereferenceObject(PhDeviceMupPrefixes[i]);
        PhDeviceMupPrefixes[i] = NULL;
    }

    PhDeviceMupPrefixesCount = 0;

    PhDeviceMupPrefixes[PhDeviceMupPrefixesCount++] = PhCreateString(L"\\Device\\Mup");

    // DFS claims an extra part of file names, which we don't handle.
    // PhDeviceMupPrefixes[PhDeviceMupPrefixesCount++] = PhCreateString(L"\\Device\\DfsClient");

    remainingPart = providerOrder->sr;

    while (remainingPart.Length != 0)
    {
        PPH_STRING serviceKeyName;
        HANDLE networkProviderKeyHandle;
        PPH_STRING deviceName;

        if (PhDeviceMupPrefixesCount == PH_DEVICE_MUP_PREFIX_MAX_COUNT)
            break;

        PhSplitStringRefAtChar(&remainingPart, L',', &part, &remainingPart);

        if (part.Length != 0)
        {
            serviceKeyName = PhConcatStringRef3(&servicesStringPart, &part, &networkProviderStringPart);

            if (NT_SUCCESS(PhOpenKey(
                &networkProviderKeyHandle,
                KEY_READ,
                PH_KEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
                &serviceKeyName->sr,
                0
                )))
            {
                if (deviceName = PhQueryRegistryString(networkProviderKeyHandle, L"DeviceName"))
                {
                    PhDeviceMupPrefixes[PhDeviceMupPrefixesCount] = deviceName;
                    PhDeviceMupPrefixesCount++;
                }

                NtClose(networkProviderKeyHandle);
            }

            PhDereferenceObject(serviceKeyName);
        }
    }

    PhReleaseQueuedLockExclusive(&PhDeviceMupPrefixesLock);

    PhDereferenceObject(providerOrder);
}

/**
 * Updates the DOS device names array.
 */
VOID PhUpdateDosDevicePrefixes(
    VOID
    )
{
    ULONG deviceMap = 0;
    WCHAR deviceNameBuffer[7] = L"\\??\\ :";

    PhGetProcessDeviceMap(NtCurrentProcess(), &deviceMap);

    for (ULONG i = 0; i < 0x1A; i++)
    {
        HANDLE linkHandle;
        OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
        UNICODE_STRING deviceName;

        if (deviceMap)
        {
            if (!(deviceMap & (0x1 << i)))
                continue;
        }

        deviceNameBuffer[4] = (WCHAR)('A' + i);
        deviceName.Buffer = deviceNameBuffer;
        deviceName.Length = 6 * sizeof(WCHAR);
        deviceName.MaximumLength = deviceName.Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL);

        InitializeObjectAttributes(
            &objectAttributes,
            &deviceName,
            OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
            NULL,
            NULL
            );

        if (NT_SUCCESS(NtOpenSymbolicLinkObject(
            &linkHandle,
            SYMBOLIC_LINK_QUERY,
            &objectAttributes
            )))
        {
            PhAcquireQueuedLockExclusive(&PhDevicePrefixesLock);

            if (!NT_SUCCESS(NtQuerySymbolicLinkObject(
                linkHandle,
                &PhDevicePrefixes[i],
                NULL
                )))
            {
                PhDevicePrefixes[i].Length = 0;
            }

            PhReleaseQueuedLockExclusive(&PhDevicePrefixesLock);

            NtClose(linkHandle);
        }
        else
        {
            PhDevicePrefixes[i].Length = 0;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Resolves a NT path into a Win32 path.
 *
 * \param Name A string containing the path to resolve.
 *
 * \return A pointer to a string containing the Win32 path. You must free the string using
 * PhDereferenceObject() when you no longer need it.
 */
PPH_STRING PhResolveDevicePrefix(
    _In_ PPH_STRING Name
    )
{
    ULONG i;
    PPH_STRING newName = NULL;

    if (PhBeginInitOnce(&PhDevicePrefixesInitOnce))
    {
        PhpInitializeDevicePrefixes();
        PhUpdateDosDevicePrefixes();
        PhUpdateMupDevicePrefixes();

        PhEndInitOnce(&PhDevicePrefixesInitOnce);
    }

    // Go through the DOS devices and try to find a matching prefix.
    for (i = 0; i < 26; i++)
    {
        BOOLEAN isPrefix = FALSE;
        PH_STRINGREF prefix;

        PhAcquireQueuedLockShared(&PhDevicePrefixesLock);

        PhUnicodeStringToStringRef(&PhDevicePrefixes[i], &prefix);

        if (prefix.Length != 0)
        {
            if (PhStartsWithStringRef(&Name->sr, &prefix, TRUE))
            {
                // To ensure we match the longest prefix, make sure the next character is a
                // backslash or the path is equal to the prefix.
                if (Name->Length == prefix.Length || Name->Buffer[prefix.Length / sizeof(WCHAR)] == OBJ_NAME_PATH_SEPARATOR)
                {
                    isPrefix = TRUE;
                }
            }
        }

        PhReleaseQueuedLockShared(&PhDevicePrefixesLock);

        if (isPrefix)
        {
            // <letter>:path
            newName = PhCreateStringEx(NULL, 2 * sizeof(WCHAR) + Name->Length - prefix.Length);
            newName->Buffer[0] = (WCHAR)('A' + i);
            newName->Buffer[1] = L':';
            memcpy(
                &newName->Buffer[2],
                &Name->Buffer[prefix.Length / sizeof(WCHAR)],
                Name->Length - prefix.Length
                );

            break;
        }
    }

    if (i == 26)
    {
        // Resolve network providers.

        PhAcquireQueuedLockShared(&PhDeviceMupPrefixesLock);

        for (i = 0; i < PhDeviceMupPrefixesCount; i++)
        {
            BOOLEAN isPrefix = FALSE;
            SIZE_T prefixLength;

            prefixLength = PhDeviceMupPrefixes[i]->Length;

            if (prefixLength != 0)
            {
                if (PhStartsWithString(Name, PhDeviceMupPrefixes[i], TRUE))
                {
                    // To ensure we match the longest prefix, make sure the next character is a
                    // backslash. Don't resolve if the name *is* the prefix. Otherwise, we will end
                    // up with a useless string like "\".
                    if (Name->Length != prefixLength && Name->Buffer[prefixLength / sizeof(WCHAR)] == OBJ_NAME_PATH_SEPARATOR)
                    {
                        isPrefix = TRUE;
                    }
                }
            }

            if (isPrefix)
            {
                // \path
                newName = PhCreateStringEx(NULL, 1 * sizeof(WCHAR) + Name->Length - prefixLength);
                newName->Buffer[0] = OBJ_NAME_PATH_SEPARATOR;
                memcpy(
                    &newName->Buffer[1],
                    &Name->Buffer[prefixLength / sizeof(WCHAR)],
                    Name->Length - prefixLength
                    );

                break;
            }
        }

        PhReleaseQueuedLockShared(&PhDeviceMupPrefixesLock);
    }

    if (newName)
        PhTrimToNullTerminatorString(newName);

    return newName;
}

/**
 * Converts a file name into Win32 format.
 *
 * \param FileName A string containing a file name.
 *
 * \return A pointer to a string containing the Win32 file name. You must free the string using
 * PhDereferenceObject() when you no longer need it.
 *
 * \remarks This function may convert NT object name paths to invalid ones. If the path to be
 * converted is not necessarily a file name, use PhResolveDevicePrefix().
 */
PPH_STRING PhGetFileName(
    _In_ PPH_STRING FileName
    )
{
    PPH_STRING newFileName;

    newFileName = FileName;

    // "\??\" refers to \GLOBAL??\. Just remove it.
    if (PhStartsWithString2(FileName, L"\\??\\", FALSE))
    {
        newFileName = PhCreateStringEx(NULL, FileName->Length - 4 * sizeof(WCHAR));
        memcpy(newFileName->Buffer, &FileName->Buffer[4], FileName->Length - 4 * sizeof(WCHAR));
    }
    // "\SystemRoot" means "C:\Windows".
    else if (PhStartsWithString2(FileName, L"\\SystemRoot", TRUE))
    {
        PH_STRINGREF systemRoot;

        PhGetSystemRoot(&systemRoot);
        newFileName = PhCreateStringEx(NULL, systemRoot.Length + FileName->Length - 11 * sizeof(WCHAR));
        memcpy(newFileName->Buffer, systemRoot.Buffer, systemRoot.Length);
        memcpy(PTR_ADD_OFFSET(newFileName->Buffer, systemRoot.Length), &FileName->Buffer[11], FileName->Length - 11 * sizeof(WCHAR));
    }
    // "system32\" means "C:\Windows\system32\".
    else if (PhStartsWithString2(FileName, L"system32\\", TRUE))
    {
        PH_STRINGREF systemRoot;

        PhGetSystemRoot(&systemRoot);
        newFileName = PhCreateStringEx(NULL, systemRoot.Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL) + FileName->Length);
        memcpy(newFileName->Buffer, systemRoot.Buffer, systemRoot.Length);
        newFileName->Buffer[systemRoot.Length / sizeof(WCHAR)] = OBJ_NAME_PATH_SEPARATOR;
        memcpy(PTR_ADD_OFFSET(newFileName->Buffer, systemRoot.Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL)), FileName->Buffer, FileName->Length);
    }
#ifdef _WIN64
    // "SysWOW64\" means "C:\Windows\SysWOW64\".
    else if (PhStartsWithString2(FileName, L"SysWOW64\\", TRUE))
    {
        PH_STRINGREF systemRoot;

        PhGetSystemRoot(&systemRoot);
        newFileName = PhCreateStringEx(NULL, systemRoot.Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL) + FileName->Length);
        memcpy(newFileName->Buffer, systemRoot.Buffer, systemRoot.Length);
        newFileName->Buffer[systemRoot.Length / sizeof(WCHAR)] = OBJ_NAME_PATH_SEPARATOR;
        memcpy(PTR_ADD_OFFSET(newFileName->Buffer, systemRoot.Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL)), FileName->Buffer, FileName->Length);
    }
#endif
    else if (FileName->Length != 0 && FileName->Buffer[0] == OBJ_NAME_PATH_SEPARATOR)
    {
        PPH_STRING resolvedName;

        resolvedName = PhResolveDevicePrefix(FileName);

        if (resolvedName)
        {
            newFileName = resolvedName;
        }
        else
        {
            // We didn't find a match.
            // If the file name starts with "\Windows", prepend the system drive.
            if (PhStartsWithString2(newFileName, L"\\Windows", TRUE))
            {
                PH_STRINGREF systemRoot;

                PhGetSystemRoot(&systemRoot);
                newFileName = PhCreateStringEx(NULL, FileName->Length + 2 * sizeof(WCHAR));
                newFileName->Buffer[0] = systemRoot.Buffer[0];
                newFileName->Buffer[1] = L':';
                memcpy(&newFileName->Buffer[2], FileName->Buffer, FileName->Length);
            }
            else
            {
                PhReferenceObject(newFileName);
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // Just return the supplied file name. Note that we need to add a reference.
        PhReferenceObject(newFileName);
    }

    return newFileName;
}

typedef struct _ENUM_GENERIC_PROCESS_MODULES_CONTEXT
{
    PPH_ENUM_GENERIC_MODULES_CALLBACK Callback;
    PVOID Context;
    ULONG Type;
    PPH_HASHTABLE BaseAddressHashtable;

    ULONG LoadOrderIndex;
} ENUM_GENERIC_PROCESS_MODULES_CONTEXT, *PENUM_GENERIC_PROCESS_MODULES_CONTEXT;

static BOOLEAN EnumGenericProcessModulesCallback(
    _In_ PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY Module,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context
    )
{
    PENUM_GENERIC_PROCESS_MODULES_CONTEXT context = Context;
    PH_MODULE_INFO moduleInfo;
    BOOLEAN cont;

    if (!context)
        return FALSE;

    // Check if we have a duplicate base address.
    if (PhFindEntryHashtable(context->BaseAddressHashtable, &Module->DllBase))
    {
        return TRUE;
    }
    else
    {
        PhAddEntryHashtable(context->BaseAddressHashtable, &Module->DllBase);
    }

    moduleInfo.Type = context->Type;
    moduleInfo.BaseAddress = Module->DllBase;
    moduleInfo.Size = Module->SizeOfImage;
    moduleInfo.EntryPoint = Module->EntryPoint;
    moduleInfo.Flags = Module->Flags;
    moduleInfo.LoadOrderIndex = (USHORT)(context->LoadOrderIndex++);
    moduleInfo.LoadCount = Module->ObsoleteLoadCount;

    moduleInfo.Name = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(&Module->BaseDllName);
    moduleInfo.FileName = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(&Module->FullDllName);
    moduleInfo.FileNameWin32 = PhGetFileName(moduleInfo.FileName);

    if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_8)
    {
        moduleInfo.ParentBaseAddress = Module->ParentDllBase;
        moduleInfo.OriginalBaseAddress = (PVOID)Module->OriginalBase;
        moduleInfo.LoadReason = (USHORT)Module->LoadReason;
        moduleInfo.LoadTime = Module->LoadTime;
    }
    else
    {
        moduleInfo.ParentBaseAddress = NULL;
        moduleInfo.OriginalBaseAddress = NULL;
        moduleInfo.LoadReason = USHRT_MAX;
        moduleInfo.LoadTime.QuadPart = 0;
    }

    cont = context->Callback(&moduleInfo, context->Context);

    PhDereferenceObject(moduleInfo.Name);
    PhDereferenceObject(moduleInfo.FileNameWin32);
    PhDereferenceObject(moduleInfo.FileName);

    return cont;
}

VOID PhpRtlModulesToGenericModules(
    _In_ PRTL_PROCESS_MODULES Modules,
    _In_ PPH_ENUM_GENERIC_MODULES_CALLBACK Callback,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context,
    _In_ PPH_HASHTABLE BaseAddressHashtable
    )
{
    PRTL_PROCESS_MODULE_INFORMATION module;
    ULONG i;
    PH_MODULE_INFO moduleInfo;
    BOOLEAN cont;

    for (i = 0; i < Modules->NumberOfModules; i++)
    {
        PPH_STRING fileName;

        module = &Modules->Modules[i];

        // Check if we have a duplicate base address.
        if (PhFindEntryHashtable(BaseAddressHashtable, &module->ImageBase))
        {
            continue;
        }
        else
        {
            PhAddEntryHashtable(BaseAddressHashtable, &module->ImageBase);
        }

        fileName = PhConvertMultiByteToUtf16(module->FullPathName);

        if ((ULONG_PTR)module->ImageBase <= PhSystemBasicInformation.MaximumUserModeAddress)
            moduleInfo.Type = PH_MODULE_TYPE_MODULE;
        else
            moduleInfo.Type = PH_MODULE_TYPE_KERNEL_MODULE;

        moduleInfo.BaseAddress = module->ImageBase;
        moduleInfo.Size = module->ImageSize;
        moduleInfo.EntryPoint = NULL;
        moduleInfo.Flags = module->Flags;
        moduleInfo.Name = PhConvertMultiByteToUtf16(&module->FullPathName[module->OffsetToFileName]);
        moduleInfo.FileNameWin32 = PhGetFileName(fileName); // convert to DOS file name
        moduleInfo.FileName = fileName;
        moduleInfo.LoadOrderIndex = module->LoadOrderIndex;
        moduleInfo.LoadCount = module->LoadCount;
        moduleInfo.LoadReason = USHRT_MAX;
        moduleInfo.LoadTime.QuadPart = 0;
        moduleInfo.ParentBaseAddress = NULL;
        moduleInfo.OriginalBaseAddress = NULL;

        if (module->OffsetToFileName == 0)
        {
            static PH_STRINGREF driversString = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"\\System32\\Drivers\\");
            PH_STRINGREF systemRoot;
            PPH_STRING newFileName;

            // We only have the file name, without a path. The driver must be in the default drivers
            // directory.
            PhGetSystemRoot(&systemRoot);
            newFileName = PhConcatStringRef3(&systemRoot, &driversString, &moduleInfo.Name->sr);
            PhMoveReference(&moduleInfo.FileNameWin32, newFileName);
        }

        cont = Callback(&moduleInfo, Context);

        PhDereferenceObject(moduleInfo.Name);
        PhDereferenceObject(moduleInfo.FileNameWin32);
        PhDereferenceObject(moduleInfo.FileName);

        if (!cont)
            break;
    }
}

VOID PhpRtlModulesExToGenericModules(
    _In_ PRTL_PROCESS_MODULE_INFORMATION_EX Modules,
    _In_ PPH_ENUM_GENERIC_MODULES_CALLBACK Callback,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context,
    _In_ PPH_HASHTABLE BaseAddressHashtable
    )
{
    PRTL_PROCESS_MODULE_INFORMATION_EX module;
    PH_MODULE_INFO moduleInfo;
    BOOLEAN cont;

    module = Modules;

    while (module->NextOffset != 0)
    {
        PPH_STRING fileName;

        // Check if we have a duplicate base address.
        if (PhFindEntryHashtable(BaseAddressHashtable, &module->BaseInfo.ImageBase))
        {
            continue;
        }
        else
        {
            PhAddEntryHashtable(BaseAddressHashtable, &module->BaseInfo.ImageBase);
        }

        fileName = PhConvertMultiByteToUtf16(module->BaseInfo.FullPathName);

        if ((ULONG_PTR)module->BaseInfo.ImageBase <= PhSystemBasicInformation.MaximumUserModeAddress)
            moduleInfo.Type = PH_MODULE_TYPE_MODULE;
        else
            moduleInfo.Type = PH_MODULE_TYPE_KERNEL_MODULE;

        moduleInfo.BaseAddress = module->BaseInfo.ImageBase;
        moduleInfo.Size = module->BaseInfo.ImageSize;
        moduleInfo.EntryPoint = NULL;
        moduleInfo.Flags = module->BaseInfo.Flags;
        moduleInfo.Name = PhConvertMultiByteToUtf16(&module->BaseInfo.FullPathName[module->BaseInfo.OffsetToFileName]);
        moduleInfo.FileNameWin32 = PhGetFileName(fileName); // convert to DOS file name
        moduleInfo.FileName = fileName;
        moduleInfo.LoadOrderIndex = module->BaseInfo.LoadOrderIndex;
        moduleInfo.LoadCount = module->BaseInfo.LoadCount;
        moduleInfo.LoadReason = USHRT_MAX;
        moduleInfo.LoadTime.QuadPart = 0;
        moduleInfo.ParentBaseAddress = NULL;
        moduleInfo.OriginalBaseAddress = NULL;

        cont = Callback(&moduleInfo, Context);

        PhDereferenceObject(moduleInfo.Name);
        PhDereferenceObject(moduleInfo.FileNameWin32);
        PhDereferenceObject(moduleInfo.FileName);

        if (!cont)
            break;

        module = PTR_ADD_OFFSET(module, module->NextOffset);
    }
}

BOOLEAN PhpCallbackMappedFileOrImage(
    _In_ PVOID AllocationBase,
    _In_ SIZE_T AllocationSize,
    _In_ ULONG Type,
    _In_ PPH_STRING FileName,
    _In_ PPH_ENUM_GENERIC_MODULES_CALLBACK Callback,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context,
    _In_ PPH_HASHTABLE BaseAddressHashtable
    )
{
    PH_MODULE_INFO moduleInfo;
    BOOLEAN cont;

    moduleInfo.Type = Type;
    moduleInfo.BaseAddress = AllocationBase;
    moduleInfo.Size = (ULONG)AllocationSize;
    moduleInfo.EntryPoint = NULL;
    moduleInfo.Flags = 0;
    moduleInfo.FileNameWin32 = PhGetFileName(FileName);
    moduleInfo.FileName = FileName;
    moduleInfo.Name = PhGetBaseName(moduleInfo.FileNameWin32);
    moduleInfo.LoadOrderIndex = USHRT_MAX;
    moduleInfo.LoadCount = USHRT_MAX;
    moduleInfo.LoadReason = USHRT_MAX;
    moduleInfo.LoadTime.QuadPart = 0;
    moduleInfo.ParentBaseAddress = NULL;
    moduleInfo.OriginalBaseAddress = NULL;

    cont = Callback(&moduleInfo, Context);

    PhDereferenceObject(moduleInfo.FileNameWin32);
    PhDereferenceObject(moduleInfo.FileName);
    PhDereferenceObject(moduleInfo.Name);

    return cont;
}

VOID PhpEnumGenericMappedFilesAndImages(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ ULONG Flags,
    _In_ PPH_ENUM_GENERIC_MODULES_CALLBACK Callback,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context,
    _In_ PPH_HASHTABLE BaseAddressHashtable
    )
{
    BOOLEAN querySucceeded;
    PVOID baseAddress;
    MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;

    baseAddress = (PVOID)0;

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(NtQueryVirtualMemory(
        ProcessHandle,
        baseAddress,
        MemoryBasicInformation,
        &basicInfo,
        sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION),
        NULL
        )))
    {
        return;
    }

    querySucceeded = TRUE;

    while (querySucceeded)
    {
        PVOID allocationBase;
        SIZE_T allocationSize;
        ULONG type;
        PPH_STRING fileName;
        BOOLEAN cont;

        if (basicInfo.Type == MEM_MAPPED || basicInfo.Type == MEM_IMAGE)
        {
            if (basicInfo.Type == MEM_MAPPED)
                type = PH_MODULE_TYPE_MAPPED_FILE;
            else
                type = PH_MODULE_TYPE_MAPPED_IMAGE;

            // Find the total allocation size.

            allocationBase = basicInfo.AllocationBase;
            allocationSize = 0;

            do
            {
                baseAddress = PTR_ADD_OFFSET(baseAddress, basicInfo.RegionSize);
                allocationSize += basicInfo.RegionSize;

                if (!NT_SUCCESS(NtQueryVirtualMemory(
                    ProcessHandle,
                    baseAddress,
                    MemoryBasicInformation,
                    &basicInfo,
                    sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION),
                    NULL
                    )))
                {
                    querySucceeded = FALSE;
                    break;
                }
            } while (basicInfo.AllocationBase == allocationBase);

            if ((type == PH_MODULE_TYPE_MAPPED_FILE && !(Flags & PH_ENUM_GENERIC_MAPPED_FILES)) ||
                (type == PH_MODULE_TYPE_MAPPED_IMAGE && !(Flags & PH_ENUM_GENERIC_MAPPED_IMAGES)))
            {
                // The user doesn't want this type of entry.
                continue;
            }

            // Check if we have a duplicate base address.
            if (PhFindEntryHashtable(BaseAddressHashtable, &allocationBase))
            {
                continue;
            }

            if (!NT_SUCCESS(PhGetProcessMappedFileName(
                ProcessHandle,
                allocationBase,
                &fileName
                )))
            {
                continue;
            }

            PhAddEntryHashtable(BaseAddressHashtable, &allocationBase);

            cont = PhpCallbackMappedFileOrImage(
                allocationBase,
                allocationSize,
                type,
                fileName,
                Callback,
                Context,
                BaseAddressHashtable
                );

            if (!cont)
                break;
        }
        else
        {
            baseAddress = PTR_ADD_OFFSET(baseAddress, basicInfo.RegionSize);

            if (!NT_SUCCESS(NtQueryVirtualMemory(
                ProcessHandle,
                baseAddress,
                MemoryBasicInformation,
                &basicInfo,
                sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION),
                NULL
                )))
            {
                querySucceeded = FALSE;
            }
        }
    }
}

BOOLEAN NTAPI PhpBaseAddressHashtableEqualFunction(
    _In_ PVOID Entry1,
    _In_ PVOID Entry2
    )
{
    return *(PVOID *)Entry1 == *(PVOID *)Entry2;
}

ULONG NTAPI PhpBaseAddressHashtableHashFunction(
    _In_ PVOID Entry
    )
{
    return PhHashIntPtr((ULONG_PTR)*(PVOID *)Entry);
}

/**
 * Enumerates the modules loaded by a process.
 *
 * \param ProcessId The ID of a process. If \ref SYSTEM_PROCESS_ID is specified the function
 * enumerates the kernel modules.
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to the process.
 * \param Flags Flags controlling the information to retrieve.
 * \li \c PH_ENUM_GENERIC_MAPPED_FILES Enumerate mapped files.
 * \li \c PH_ENUM_GENERIC_MAPPED_IMAGES Enumerate mapped images (those which are not mapped by the
 * loader).
 * \param Callback A callback function which is executed for each module.
 * \param Context A user-defined value to pass to the callback function.
 */
NTSTATUS PhEnumGenericModules(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessId,
    _In_opt_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ ULONG Flags,
    _In_ PPH_ENUM_GENERIC_MODULES_CALLBACK Callback,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PPH_HASHTABLE baseAddressHashtable;

    baseAddressHashtable = PhCreateHashtable(
        sizeof(PVOID),
        PhpBaseAddressHashtableEqualFunction,
        PhpBaseAddressHashtableHashFunction,
        100
        );

    if (ProcessId == SYSTEM_PROCESS_ID)
    {
        // Kernel modules

        PVOID modules;

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status = PhEnumKernelModules((PRTL_PROCESS_MODULES *)&modules)))
        {
            PhpRtlModulesToGenericModules(
                modules,
                Callback,
                Context,
                baseAddressHashtable
                );
            PhFree(modules);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // Process modules

        BOOLEAN opened = FALSE;
#ifdef _WIN64
        BOOLEAN isWow64 = FALSE;
#endif
        ENUM_GENERIC_PROCESS_MODULES_CONTEXT context;
        PH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_PARAMETERS parameters;

        if (!ProcessHandle)
        {
            if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhOpenProcess(
                &ProcessHandle,
                PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION | PROCESS_VM_READ, // needed for enumerating mapped files
                ProcessId
                )))
            {
                if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhOpenProcess(
                    &ProcessHandle,
                    PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION | PROCESS_VM_READ,
                    ProcessId
                    )))
                {
                    goto CleanupExit;
                }
            }

            opened = TRUE;
        }

        context.Callback = Callback;
        context.Context = Context;
        context.Type = PH_MODULE_TYPE_MODULE;
        context.BaseAddressHashtable = baseAddressHashtable;
        context.LoadOrderIndex = 0;

        parameters.Callback = EnumGenericProcessModulesCallback;
        parameters.Context = &context;
        parameters.Flags = PH_ENUM_PROCESS_MODULES_TRY_MAPPED_FILE_NAME;

        status = PhEnumProcessModulesEx(
            ProcessHandle,
            &parameters
            );

#ifdef _WIN64
        PhGetProcessIsWow64(ProcessHandle, &isWow64);

        // 32-bit process modules
        if (isWow64)
        {
            context.Callback = Callback;
            context.Context = Context;
            context.Type = PH_MODULE_TYPE_WOW64_MODULE;
            context.BaseAddressHashtable = baseAddressHashtable;
            context.LoadOrderIndex = 0;

            status = PhEnumProcessModules32Ex(
                ProcessHandle,
                &parameters
                );
        }
#endif

        // Mapped files and mapped images
        // This is done last because it provides the least amount of information.

        if (Flags & (PH_ENUM_GENERIC_MAPPED_FILES | PH_ENUM_GENERIC_MAPPED_IMAGES))
        {
            PhpEnumGenericMappedFilesAndImages(
                ProcessHandle,
                Flags,
                Callback,
                Context,
                baseAddressHashtable
                );
        }

        if (opened)
            NtClose(ProcessHandle);
    }

CleanupExit:
    PhDereferenceObject(baseAddressHashtable);

    return status;
}

/**
 * Initializes usage of predefined keys.
 */
VOID PhpInitializePredefineKeys(
    VOID
    )
{
    static UNICODE_STRING currentUserPrefix = RTL_CONSTANT_STRING(L"\\Registry\\User\\");
    NTSTATUS status;
    PTOKEN_USER tokenUser;
    UNICODE_STRING stringSid;
    WCHAR stringSidBuffer[SECURITY_MAX_SID_STRING_CHARACTERS];
    PUNICODE_STRING currentUserKeyName;

    // Get the string SID of the current user.

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status = PhGetTokenUser(PhGetOwnTokenAttributes().TokenHandle, &tokenUser)))
    {
        stringSid.Buffer = stringSidBuffer;
        stringSid.MaximumLength = sizeof(stringSidBuffer);

        status = RtlConvertSidToUnicodeString(
            &stringSid,
            tokenUser->User.Sid,
            FALSE
            );

        PhFree(tokenUser);
    }

    // Construct the current user key name.

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        currentUserKeyName = &PhPredefineKeyNames[PH_KEY_CURRENT_USER_NUMBER];
        currentUserKeyName->Length = currentUserPrefix.Length + stringSid.Length;
        currentUserKeyName->Buffer = PhAllocate(currentUserKeyName->Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL));
        memcpy(currentUserKeyName->Buffer, currentUserPrefix.Buffer, currentUserPrefix.Length);
        memcpy(&currentUserKeyName->Buffer[currentUserPrefix.Length / sizeof(WCHAR)], stringSid.Buffer, stringSid.Length);
    }
}

/**
 * Initializes the attributes of a key object for creating/opening.
 *
 * \param RootDirectory A handle to a root key, or one of the predefined keys. See PhCreateKey() for
 * details.
 * \param ObjectName The path to the key.
 * \param Attributes Additional object flags.
 * \param ObjectAttributes The OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES structure to initialize.
 * \param NeedsClose A variable which receives a handle that must be closed when the create/open
 * operation is finished. The variable may be set to NULL if no handle needs to be closed.
 */
NTSTATUS PhpInitializeKeyObjectAttributes(
    _In_opt_ HANDLE RootDirectory,
    _In_ PUNICODE_STRING ObjectName,
    _In_ ULONG Attributes,
    _Out_ POBJECT_ATTRIBUTES ObjectAttributes,
    _Out_ PHANDLE NeedsClose
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    ULONG predefineIndex;
    HANDLE predefineHandle;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES predefineObjectAttributes;

    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        ObjectAttributes,
        ObjectName,
        Attributes | OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        RootDirectory,
        NULL
        );

    *NeedsClose = NULL;

    if (RootDirectory && PH_KEY_IS_PREDEFINED(RootDirectory))
    {
        predefineIndex = PH_KEY_PREDEFINE_TO_NUMBER(RootDirectory);

        if (predefineIndex < PH_KEY_MAXIMUM_PREDEFINE)
        {
            if (PhBeginInitOnce(&PhPredefineKeyInitOnce))
            {
                PhpInitializePredefineKeys();
                PhEndInitOnce(&PhPredefineKeyInitOnce);
            }

            predefineHandle = PhPredefineKeyHandles[predefineIndex];

            if (!predefineHandle)
            {
                // The predefined key has not been opened yet. Do so now.

                if (!PhPredefineKeyNames[predefineIndex].Buffer) // we may have failed in getting the current user key name
                    return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;

                InitializeObjectAttributes(
                    &predefineObjectAttributes,
                    &PhPredefineKeyNames[predefineIndex],
                    OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
                    NULL,
                    NULL
                    );

                status = NtOpenKey(
                    &predefineHandle,
                    KEY_READ,
                    &predefineObjectAttributes
                    );

                if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
                    return status;

                if (_InterlockedCompareExchangePointer(
                    &PhPredefineKeyHandles[predefineIndex],
                    predefineHandle,
                    NULL
                    ) != NULL)
                {
                    // Someone else already opened the key and cached it. Indicate that the caller
                    // needs to close the handle later, since it isn't shared.
                    *NeedsClose = predefineHandle;
                }
            }

            ObjectAttributes->RootDirectory = predefineHandle;
        }
    }

    return STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

/**
 * Creates or opens a registry key.
 *
 * \param KeyHandle A variable which receives a handle to the key.
 * \param DesiredAccess The desired access to the key.
 * \param RootDirectory A handle to a root key, or one of the following predefined keys:
 * \li \c PH_KEY_LOCAL_MACHINE Represents \\Registry\\Machine.
 * \li \c PH_KEY_USERS Represents \\Registry\\User.
 * \li \c PH_KEY_CLASSES_ROOT Represents \\Registry\\Machine\\Software\\Classes.
 * \li \c PH_KEY_CURRENT_USER Represents \\Registry\\User\\[SID of current user].
 * \param ObjectName The path to the key.
 * \param Attributes Additional object flags.
 * \param CreateOptions The options to apply when creating or opening the key.
 * \param Disposition A variable which receives a value indicating whether a new key was created or
 * an existing key was opened:
 * \li \c REG_CREATED_NEW_KEY A new key was created.
 * \li \c REG_OPENED_EXISTING_KEY An existing key was opened.
 */
NTSTATUS PhCreateKey(
    _Out_ PHANDLE KeyHandle,
    _In_ ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
    _In_opt_ HANDLE RootDirectory,
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF ObjectName,
    _In_ ULONG Attributes,
    _In_ ULONG CreateOptions,
    _Out_opt_ PULONG Disposition
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    UNICODE_STRING objectName;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
    HANDLE needsClose;

    if (!PhStringRefToUnicodeString(ObjectName, &objectName))
        return STATUS_NAME_TOO_LONG;

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhpInitializeKeyObjectAttributes(
        RootDirectory,
        &objectName,
        Attributes,
        &objectAttributes,
        &needsClose
        )))
    {
        return status;
    }

    status = NtCreateKey(
        KeyHandle,
        DesiredAccess,
        &objectAttributes,
        0,
        NULL,
        CreateOptions,
        Disposition
        );

    if (needsClose)
        NtClose(needsClose);

    return status;
}

/**
 * Opens a registry key.
 *
 * \param KeyHandle A variable which receives a handle to the key.
 * \param DesiredAccess The desired access to the key.
 * \param RootDirectory A handle to a root key, or one of the predefined keys. See PhCreateKey() for
 * details.
 * \param ObjectName The path to the key.
 * \param Attributes Additional object flags.
 */
NTSTATUS PhOpenKey(
    _Out_ PHANDLE KeyHandle,
    _In_ ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
    _In_opt_ HANDLE RootDirectory,
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF ObjectName,
    _In_ ULONG Attributes
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    UNICODE_STRING objectName;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
    HANDLE needsClose;

    if (!PhStringRefToUnicodeString(ObjectName, &objectName))
        return STATUS_NAME_TOO_LONG;

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhpInitializeKeyObjectAttributes(
        RootDirectory,
        &objectName,
        Attributes,
        &objectAttributes,
        &needsClose
        )))
    {
        return status;
    }

    status = NtOpenKey(
        KeyHandle,
        DesiredAccess,
        &objectAttributes
        );

    if (needsClose)
        NtClose(needsClose);

    return status;
}

// rev from RegLoadAppKey
/**
 * Loads the specified registry hive file into a private application hive.
 *
 * \param KeyHandle A variable which receives a handle to the key.
 * \param FileName The Win32 file name.
 * \param DesiredAccess The desired access to the key.
 * \param Flags Optional flags for loading the hive.
 */
NTSTATUS PhLoadAppKey(
    _Out_ PHANDLE KeyHandle,
    _In_ PWSTR FileName,
    _In_ ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
    _In_opt_ ULONG Flags
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    GUID guid;
    UNICODE_STRING fileName;
    UNICODE_STRING objectName;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES targetAttributes;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES sourceAttributes;

    PhGenerateGuid(&guid);

#if (PHNT_USE_NATIVE_APPEND)
    UNICODE_STRING guidStringUs;
    WCHAR objectNameBuffer[MAXIMUM_FILENAME_LENGTH];

    RtlInitEmptyUnicodeString(&objectName, objectNameBuffer, sizeof(objectNameBuffer));

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = RtlStringFromGUID(&guid, &guidStringUs)))
        return status;

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = RtlAppendUnicodeToString(&objectName, L"\\REGISTRY\\A\\")))
        goto CleanupExit;

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = RtlAppendUnicodeStringToString(&objectName, &guidStringUs)))
        goto CleanupExit;
#else
    static PH_STRINGREF namespaceString = PH_STRINGREF_INIT(L"\\REGISTRY\\A\\");
    PPH_STRING guidString;

    if (!(guidString = PhFormatGuid(&guid)))
        return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;

    PhMoveReference(&guidString, PhConcatStringRef2(&namespaceString, &guidString->sr));

    if (!PhStringRefToUnicodeString(&guidString->sr, &objectName))
    {
        PhDereferenceObject(guidString);
        return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
    }
#endif

    status = RtlDosPathNameToNtPathName_U_WithStatus(
        FileName,
        &fileName,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &targetAttributes,
        &objectName,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &sourceAttributes,
        &fileName,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    status = NtLoadKeyEx(
        &targetAttributes,
        &sourceAttributes,
        REG_APP_HIVE | Flags,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        DesiredAccess,
        KeyHandle,
        NULL
        );

    RtlFreeUnicodeString(&fileName);

#if (PHNT_USE_NATIVE_APPEND)
CleanupExit:
    RtlFreeUnicodeString(&guidStringUs);
#else
CleanupExit:
    PhDereferenceObject(guidString);
#endif

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets information about a registry key.
 *
 * \param KeyHandle A handle to the key.
 * \param KeyInformationClass The information class to query.
 * \param Buffer A variable which receives a pointer to a buffer containing information about the
 * registry key. You must free the buffer with PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhQueryKey(
    _In_ HANDLE KeyHandle,
    _In_ KEY_INFORMATION_CLASS KeyInformationClass,
    _Out_ PVOID *Buffer
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize;
    ULONG attempts = 16;

    bufferSize = 0x100;
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    do
    {
        status = NtQueryKey(
            KeyHandle,
            KeyInformationClass,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            &bufferSize
            );

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
            break;

        if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW)
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
            buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
        }
        else
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
            return status;
        }
    } while (--attempts);

    *Buffer = buffer;

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets the last write time for a registry key without allocating memory. (dmex)
 *
 * \param KeyHandle A handle to the key.
 * \param LastWriteTime The last write time of the key.
 */
NTSTATUS PhQueryKeyLastWriteTime(
    _In_ HANDLE KeyHandle,
    _Out_ PLARGE_INTEGER LastWriteTime
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    KEY_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo = { 0 };
    ULONG bufferLength = 0;

    status = NtQueryKey(
        KeyHandle,
        KeyBasicInformation,
        &basicInfo,
        UFIELD_OFFSET(KEY_BASIC_INFORMATION, Name),
        &bufferLength
        );

    if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW && basicInfo.LastWriteTime.QuadPart != 0)
    {
        *LastWriteTime = basicInfo.LastWriteTime;
        return STATUS_SUCCESS;
    }

    return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
}

/**
 * Gets a registry value of any type.
 *
 * \param KeyHandle A handle to the key.
 * \param ValueName The name of the value.
 * \param KeyValueInformationClass The information class to query.
 * \param Buffer A variable which receives a pointer to a buffer containing information about the
 * registry value. You must free the buffer with PhFree() when you no longer need it.
 */
NTSTATUS PhQueryValueKey(
    _In_ HANDLE KeyHandle,
    _In_opt_ PPH_STRINGREF ValueName,
    _In_ KEY_VALUE_INFORMATION_CLASS KeyValueInformationClass,
    _Out_ PVOID *Buffer
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    UNICODE_STRING valueName;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize;
    ULONG attempts = 16;

    if (ValueName && ValueName->Length)
    {
        if (!PhStringRefToUnicodeString(ValueName, &valueName))
            return STATUS_NAME_TOO_LONG;
    }
    else
    {
        RtlInitEmptyUnicodeString(&valueName, NULL, 0);
    }

    bufferSize = 0x100;
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    do
    {
        status = NtQueryValueKey(
            KeyHandle,
            &valueName,
            KeyValueInformationClass,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            &bufferSize
            );

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
            break;

        if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW)
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
            buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);
        }
        else
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
            return status;
        }
    } while (--attempts);

    *Buffer = buffer;

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetValueKey(
    _In_ HANDLE KeyHandle,
    _In_opt_ PPH_STRINGREF ValueName,
    _In_ ULONG ValueType,
    _In_ PVOID Buffer,
    _In_ ULONG BufferLength
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    UNICODE_STRING valueName;

    if (ValueName)
    {
        if (!PhStringRefToUnicodeString(ValueName, &valueName))
            return STATUS_NAME_TOO_LONG;
    }
    else
    {
        RtlInitEmptyUnicodeString(&valueName, NULL, 0);
    }

    status = NtSetValueKey(
        KeyHandle,
        &valueName,
        0,
        ValueType,
        Buffer,
        BufferLength
        );

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhDeleteValueKey(
    _In_ HANDLE KeyHandle,
    _In_opt_ PPH_STRINGREF ValueName
    )
{
    UNICODE_STRING valueName;

    if (ValueName)
    {
        if (!PhStringRefToUnicodeString(ValueName, &valueName))
            return STATUS_NAME_TOO_LONG;
    }
    else
    {
        RtlInitEmptyUnicodeString(&valueName, NULL, 0);
    }

    return NtDeleteValueKey(KeyHandle, &valueName);
}

NTSTATUS PhEnumerateKey(
    _In_ HANDLE KeyHandle,
    _In_ KEY_INFORMATION_CLASS InformationClass,
    _In_ PPH_ENUM_KEY_CALLBACK Callback,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize;
    ULONG index = 0;

    bufferSize = 0x100;
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    do
    {
        status = NtEnumerateKey(
            KeyHandle,
            index,
            InformationClass,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            &bufferSize
            );

        if (status == STATUS_NO_MORE_ENTRIES)
        {
            status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
            break;
        }

        if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW || status == STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL)
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
            buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

            status = NtEnumerateKey(
                KeyHandle,
                index,
                InformationClass,
                buffer,
                bufferSize,
                &bufferSize
                );
        }

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            break;

        if (!Callback(KeyHandle, buffer, Context))
            break;

        index++;
    } while (TRUE);

    PhFree(buffer);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhEnumerateValueKey(
    _In_ HANDLE KeyHandle,
    _In_ KEY_VALUE_INFORMATION_CLASS InformationClass,
    _In_ PPH_ENUM_KEY_CALLBACK Callback,
    _In_opt_ PVOID Context
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize;
    ULONG index = 0;

    bufferSize = 0x100;
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    do
    {
        status = NtEnumerateValueKey(
            KeyHandle,
            index,
            InformationClass,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            &bufferSize
            );

        if (status == STATUS_NO_MORE_ENTRIES)
        {
            status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
            break;
        }

        if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW || status == STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL)
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
            buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

            status = NtEnumerateValueKey(
                KeyHandle,
                index,
                InformationClass,
                buffer,
                bufferSize,
                &bufferSize
                );
        }

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            break;

        if (!Callback(KeyHandle, buffer, Context))
            break;

        index++;
    } while (TRUE);

    PhFree(buffer);

    return status;
}

/**
 * Creates or opens a file.
 *
 * \param FileHandle A variable that receives the file handle.
 * \param FileName The Win32 file name.
 * \param DesiredAccess The desired access to the file.
 * \param FileAttributes File attributes applied if the file is created or overwritten.
 * \param ShareAccess The file access granted to other threads.
 * \li \c FILE_SHARE_READ Allows other threads to read from the file.
 * \li \c FILE_SHARE_WRITE Allows other threads to write to the file.
 * \li \c FILE_SHARE_DELETE Allows other threads to delete the file.
 * \param CreateDisposition The action to perform if the file does or does not exist.
 * \li \c FILE_SUPERSEDE If the file exists, replace it. Otherwise, create the file.
 * \li \c FILE_CREATE If the file exists, fail. Otherwise, create the file.
 * \li \c FILE_OPEN If the file exists, open it. Otherwise, fail.
 * \li \c FILE_OPEN_IF If the file exists, open it. Otherwise, create the file.
 * \li \c FILE_OVERWRITE If the file exists, open and overwrite it. Otherwise, fail.
 * \li \c FILE_OVERWRITE_IF If the file exists, open and overwrite it. Otherwise, create the file.
 * \param CreateOptions The options to apply when the file is opened or created.
 */
NTSTATUS PhCreateFileWin32(
    _Out_ PHANDLE FileHandle,
    _In_ PWSTR FileName,
    _In_ ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
    _In_ ULONG FileAttributes,
    _In_ ULONG ShareAccess,
    _In_ ULONG CreateDisposition,
    _In_ ULONG CreateOptions
    )
{
    return PhCreateFileWin32Ex(
        FileHandle,
        FileName,
        DesiredAccess,
        NULL,
        FileAttributes,
        ShareAccess,
        CreateDisposition,
        CreateOptions,
        NULL
        );
}

/**
 * Creates or opens a file.
 *
 * \param FileHandle A variable that receives the file handle.
 * \param FileName The Win32 file name.
 * \param DesiredAccess The desired access to the file.
 * \param AllocationSize The initial allocation size if the file is being created, overwritten, or superseded.
 * \param FileAttributes File attributes applied if the file is created or overwritten.
 * \param ShareAccess The file access granted to other threads.
 * \li \c FILE_SHARE_READ Allows other threads to read from the file.
 * \li \c FILE_SHARE_WRITE Allows other threads to write to the file.
 * \li \c FILE_SHARE_DELETE Allows other threads to delete the file.
 * \param CreateDisposition The action to perform if the file does or does not exist.
 * \li \c FILE_SUPERSEDE If the file exists, replace it. Otherwise, create the file.
 * \li \c FILE_CREATE If the file exists, fail. Otherwise, create the file.
 * \li \c FILE_OPEN If the file exists, open it. Otherwise, fail.
 * \li \c FILE_OPEN_IF If the file exists, open it. Otherwise, create the file.
 * \li \c FILE_OVERWRITE If the file exists, open and overwrite it. Otherwise, fail.
 * \li \c FILE_OVERWRITE_IF If the file exists, open and overwrite it. Otherwise, create the file.
 * \param CreateOptions The options to apply when the file is opened or created.
 * \param CreateStatus A variable that receives creation information.
 * \li \c FILE_SUPERSEDED The file was replaced because \c FILE_SUPERSEDE was specified in
 * \a CreateDisposition.
 * \li \c FILE_OPENED The file was opened because \c FILE_OPEN or \c FILE_OPEN_IF was specified in
 * \a CreateDisposition.
 * \li \c FILE_CREATED The file was created because \c FILE_CREATE or \c FILE_OPEN_IF was specified
 * in \a CreateDisposition.
 * \li \c FILE_OVERWRITTEN The file was overwritten because \c FILE_OVERWRITE or
 * \c FILE_OVERWRITE_IF was specified in \a CreateDisposition.
 * \li \c FILE_EXISTS The file was not opened because it already existed and \c FILE_CREATE was
 * specified in \a CreateDisposition.
 * \li \c FILE_DOES_NOT_EXIST The file was not opened because it did not exist and \c FILE_OPEN or
 * \c FILE_OVERWRITE was specified in \a CreateDisposition.
 */
NTSTATUS PhCreateFileWin32Ex(
    _Out_ PHANDLE FileHandle,
    _In_ PWSTR FileName,
    _In_ ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
    _In_opt_ PLARGE_INTEGER AllocationSize,
    _In_ ULONG FileAttributes,
    _In_ ULONG ShareAccess,
    _In_ ULONG CreateDisposition,
    _In_ ULONG CreateOptions,
    _Out_opt_ PULONG CreateStatus
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    HANDLE fileHandle;
    UNICODE_STRING fileName;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK ioStatusBlock;

    status = RtlDosPathNameToNtPathName_U_WithStatus(
        FileName,
        &fileName,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &fileName,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    status = NtCreateFile(
        &fileHandle,
        DesiredAccess,
        &objectAttributes,
        &ioStatusBlock,
        AllocationSize,
        FileAttributes,
        ShareAccess,
        CreateDisposition,
        CreateOptions,
        NULL,
        0
        );

    RtlFreeUnicodeString(&fileName);

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *FileHandle = fileHandle;
    }

    if (CreateStatus)
        *CreateStatus = (ULONG)ioStatusBlock.Information;

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhCreateFile(
    _Out_ PHANDLE FileHandle,
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF FileName,
    _In_ ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
    _In_ ULONG FileAttributes,
    _In_ ULONG ShareAccess,
    _In_ ULONG CreateDisposition,
    _In_ ULONG CreateOptions
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    HANDLE fileHandle;
    UNICODE_STRING fileName;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK ioStatusBlock;

    if (!PhStringRefToUnicodeString(FileName, &fileName))
        return STATUS_NAME_TOO_LONG;

    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &fileName,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    status = NtCreateFile(
        &fileHandle,
        DesiredAccess,
        &objectAttributes,
        &ioStatusBlock,
        NULL,
        FileAttributes,
        ShareAccess,
        CreateDisposition,
        CreateOptions,
        NULL,
        0
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *FileHandle = fileHandle;
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhOpenFileWin32(
    _Out_ PHANDLE FileHandle,
    _In_ PWSTR FileName,
    _In_ ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
    _In_ ULONG ShareAccess,
    _In_ ULONG OpenOptions
    )
{
    return PhOpenFileWin32Ex(
        FileHandle,
        FileName,
        DesiredAccess,
        ShareAccess,
        OpenOptions,
        NULL
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhOpenFileWin32Ex(
    _Out_ PHANDLE FileHandle,
    _In_ PWSTR FileName,
    _In_ ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
    _In_ ULONG ShareAccess,
    _In_ ULONG OpenOptions,
    _Out_opt_ PULONG OpenStatus
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    HANDLE fileHandle;
    UNICODE_STRING fileName;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK ioStatusBlock;

    status = RtlDosPathNameToNtPathName_U_WithStatus(
        FileName,
        &fileName,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &fileName,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    status = NtOpenFile(
        &fileHandle,
        DesiredAccess,
        &objectAttributes,
        &ioStatusBlock,
        ShareAccess,
        OpenOptions
        );

    RtlFreeUnicodeString(&fileName);

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *FileHandle = fileHandle;
    }

    if (OpenStatus)
        *OpenStatus = (ULONG)ioStatusBlock.Information;

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhOpenFile(
    _Out_ PHANDLE FileHandle,
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF FileName,
    _In_ ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
    _In_opt_ HANDLE RootDirectory,
    _In_ ULONG ShareAccess,
    _In_ ULONG OpenOptions,
    _Out_opt_ PULONG OpenStatus
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    HANDLE fileHandle;
    UNICODE_STRING fileName;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK ioStatusBlock;

    if (!PhStringRefToUnicodeString(FileName, &fileName))
        return STATUS_NAME_TOO_LONG;

    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &fileName,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        RootDirectory,
        NULL
        );

    status = NtOpenFile(
        &fileHandle,
        DesiredAccess,
        &objectAttributes,
        &ioStatusBlock,
        ShareAccess,
        OpenOptions
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *FileHandle = fileHandle;
    }

    if (OpenStatus)
    {
        *OpenStatus = (ULONG)ioStatusBlock.Information;
    }

    return status;
}

// rev from OpenFileById
NTSTATUS PhOpenFileById(
    _Out_ PHANDLE FileHandle,
    _In_ HANDLE VolumeHandle,
    _In_ PPH_FILE_ID_DESCRIPTOR FileId,
    _In_ ACCESS_MASK DesiredAccess,
    _In_ ULONG ShareAccess,
    _In_ ULONG OpenOptions
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    HANDLE fileHandle;
    UNICODE_STRING fileName;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK ioStatusBlock;

    switch (FileId->Type)
    {
    case FileIdType:
        {
            fileName.Length = sizeof(LONGLONG);
            fileName.MaximumLength = sizeof(LONGLONG);
            fileName.Buffer = (PWSTR)&FileId->FileId.QuadPart;
        }
        break;
    case ObjectIdType:
        {
            fileName.Length = sizeof(GUID);
            fileName.MaximumLength = sizeof(GUID);
            fileName.Buffer = (PWSTR)&FileId->ObjectId;
        }
        break;
    case ExtendedFileIdType:
        {
            fileName.Length = sizeof(FILE_ID_128);
            fileName.MaximumLength = sizeof(FILE_ID_128);
            fileName.Buffer = (PWSTR)&FileId->ExtendedFileId.Identifier;
        }
        break;
    default:
        return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
    }

    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &fileName,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        VolumeHandle,
        NULL
        );

    status = NtOpenFile(
        &fileHandle,
        DesiredAccess,
        &objectAttributes,
        &ioStatusBlock,
        ShareAccess,
        OpenOptions | FILE_OPEN_BY_FILE_ID
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *FileHandle = fileHandle;
    }

    return status;
}

/**
 * Queries file attributes.
 *
 * \param FileName The Win32 file name.
 * \param FileInformation A variable that receives the file information.
 */
NTSTATUS PhQueryFullAttributesFileWin32(
    _In_ PWSTR FileName,
    _Out_ PFILE_NETWORK_OPEN_INFORMATION FileInformation
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    UNICODE_STRING fileName;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;

    status = RtlDosPathNameToNtPathName_U_WithStatus(
        FileName,
        &fileName,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &fileName,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    status = NtQueryFullAttributesFile(&objectAttributes, FileInformation);

    RtlFreeUnicodeString(&fileName);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhQueryFullAttributesFile(
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF FileName,
    _Out_ PFILE_NETWORK_OPEN_INFORMATION FileInformation
    )
{
    UNICODE_STRING fileName;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;

    if (!PhStringRefToUnicodeString(FileName, &fileName))
        return STATUS_NAME_TOO_LONG;

    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &fileName,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    return NtQueryFullAttributesFile(&objectAttributes, FileInformation);
}

NTSTATUS PhQueryAttributesFileWin32(
    _In_ PWSTR FileName,
    _Out_ PFILE_BASIC_INFORMATION FileInformation
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    UNICODE_STRING fileName;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;

    status = RtlDosPathNameToNtPathName_U_WithStatus(
        FileName,
        &fileName,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &fileName,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    status = NtQueryAttributesFile(&objectAttributes, FileInformation);

    RtlFreeUnicodeString(&fileName);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhQueryAttributesFile(
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF FileName,
    _Out_ PFILE_BASIC_INFORMATION FileInformation
    )
{
    UNICODE_STRING fileName;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;

    if (!PhStringRefToUnicodeString(FileName, &fileName))
        return STATUS_NAME_TOO_LONG;

    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &fileName,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    return NtQueryAttributesFile(&objectAttributes, FileInformation);
}

// rev from RtlDoesFileExists_U (dmex)
BOOLEAN PhDoesFileExistWin32(
    _In_ PWSTR FileName
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    FILE_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;

    status = PhQueryAttributesFileWin32(FileName, &basicInfo);

    if (
        NT_SUCCESS(status) ||
        status == STATUS_SHARING_VIOLATION ||
        status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED
        )
    {
        return TRUE;
    }

    return FALSE;
}

BOOLEAN PhDoesFileExist(
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF FileName
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    FILE_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;

    status = PhQueryAttributesFile(FileName, &basicInfo);

    if (
        NT_SUCCESS(status) ||
        status == STATUS_SHARING_VIOLATION ||
        status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED
        )
    {
        return TRUE;
    }

    return FALSE;
}

BOOLEAN PhDoesDirectoryExistWin32(
    _In_ PWSTR FileName
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    FILE_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;

    status = PhQueryAttributesFileWin32(FileName, &basicInfo);

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        if (basicInfo.FileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
            return TRUE;
    }

    return FALSE;
}

RTL_PATH_TYPE PhDetermineDosPathNameType(
    _In_ PWSTR FileName
    )
{
    return RtlDetermineDosPathNameType_U(FileName);
}

/**
 * Deletes a file.
 *
 * \param FileName The Win32 file name.
 */
NTSTATUS PhDeleteFileWin32(
    _In_ PWSTR FileName
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    HANDLE fileHandle;

    status = PhCreateFileWin32(
        &fileHandle,
        FileName,
        DELETE,
        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
        FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
        FILE_OPEN,
        FILE_DELETE_ON_CLOSE // required for mapped references GH#794 (dmex)
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    NtClose(fileHandle);
    return status;
}

/**
* Creates a directory path recursively.
*
* \param DirectoryPath The Win32 directory path.
*/
NTSTATUS PhCreateDirectoryWin32(
    _In_ PPH_STRING DirectoryPath
    )
{
    PPH_STRING directoryPath = NULL;
    PPH_STRING fileName;
    PH_STRINGREF fileNamePart;
    PH_STRINGREF remainingPart;

    if (PhDoesFileExistWin32(PhGetString(DirectoryPath)))
        return STATUS_SUCCESS;

    remainingPart = PhGetStringRef(DirectoryPath);

    while (remainingPart.Length != 0)
    {
        PhSplitStringRefAtChar(&remainingPart, OBJ_NAME_PATH_SEPARATOR, &fileNamePart, &remainingPart);

        if (fileNamePart.Length != 0)
        {
            if (PhIsNullOrEmptyString(directoryPath))
            {
                PhMoveReference(&directoryPath, PhCreateString2(&fileNamePart));
            }
            else
            {
                fileName = PhConcatStringRef3(&directoryPath->sr, &PhNtPathSeperatorString, &fileNamePart);

                // Check if the directory already exists. (dmex)

                if (!PhDoesFileExistWin32(PhGetString(fileName)))
                {
                    HANDLE directoryHandle;

                    // Create the directory. (dmex)

                    if (NT_SUCCESS(PhCreateFileWin32(
                        &directoryHandle,
                        PhGetString(fileName),
                        FILE_GENERIC_READ,
                        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY,
                        FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
                        FILE_CREATE,
                        FILE_DIRECTORY_FILE | FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT | FILE_OPEN_FOR_BACKUP_INTENT
                        )))
                    {
                        NtClose(directoryHandle);
                    }
                }

                PhMoveReference(&directoryPath, fileName);
            }
        }
    }

    PhClearReference(&directoryPath);

    if (!PhDoesFileExistWin32(PhGetString(DirectoryPath)))
        return STATUS_NOT_FOUND;

    return STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

NTSTATUS PhCreateDirectoryFullPathWin32(
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF FileName
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status = STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
    ULONG indexOfFileName;
    PPH_STRING directory;
    PPH_STRING path;

    if (path = PhGetFullPath(PhGetStringRefZ(FileName), &indexOfFileName))
    {
        if (indexOfFileName != ULONG_MAX)
        {
            if (directory = PhSubstring(path, 0, indexOfFileName))
            {
                status = PhCreateDirectoryWin32(directory);

                PhDereferenceObject(directory);
            }
        }

        PhDereferenceObject(path);
    }

    return status;
}

static BOOLEAN PhpDeleteDirectoryCallback(
    _In_ PFILE_DIRECTORY_INFORMATION Information,
    _In_ PVOID Context
    )
{
    PPH_STRING parentDirectory = Context;
    PPH_STRING fullName;
    PH_STRINGREF baseName;

    baseName.Buffer = Information->FileName;
    baseName.Length = Information->FileNameLength;

    if (PhEqualStringRef2(&baseName, L".", TRUE) || PhEqualStringRef2(&baseName, L"..", TRUE))
        return TRUE;

    fullName = PhConcatStringRef3(
        &parentDirectory->sr,
        &PhNtPathSeperatorString,
        &baseName
        );

    if (Information->FileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
    {
        HANDLE directoryHandle;

        if (NT_SUCCESS(PhCreateFileWin32(
            &directoryHandle,
            PhGetString(fullName),
            FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY | FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES | DELETE | SYNCHRONIZE,
            FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY,
            FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
            FILE_OPEN,
            FILE_DIRECTORY_FILE | FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT
            )))
        {
            PhEnumDirectoryFile(directoryHandle, NULL, PhpDeleteDirectoryCallback, fullName);

            PhDeleteFile(directoryHandle);

            NtClose(directoryHandle);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if (Information->FileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)
        {
            HANDLE fileHandle;

            if (NT_SUCCESS(PhCreateFileWin32(
                &fileHandle,
                PhGetString(fullName),
                FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES | DELETE | SYNCHRONIZE,
                FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
                FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
                FILE_OPEN,
                FILE_NON_DIRECTORY_FILE | FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT
                )))
            {
                if (WindowsVersion < WINDOWS_10_RS5)
                {
                    IO_STATUS_BLOCK ioStatusBlock;
                    FILE_BASIC_INFORMATION fileBasicInfo = { 0 };

                    fileBasicInfo.FileAttributes = ClearFlag(Information->FileAttributes, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY);

                    NtSetInformationFile(
                        fileHandle,
                        &ioStatusBlock,
                        &fileBasicInfo,
                        sizeof(FILE_BASIC_INFORMATION),
                        FileBasicInformation
                        );
                }

                PhDeleteFile(fileHandle);

                NtClose(fileHandle);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            PhDeleteFileWin32(PhGetString(fullName));
        }
    }

    PhDereferenceObject(fullName);
    return TRUE;
}

/**
* Deletes a directory path recursively.
*
* \param DirectoryPath The Win32 directory path.
*/
NTSTATUS PhDeleteDirectoryWin32(
    _In_ PPH_STRING DirectoryPath
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    HANDLE directoryHandle;

    status = PhCreateFileWin32(
        &directoryHandle,
        PhGetString(DirectoryPath),
        FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY | DELETE | SYNCHRONIZE,
        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY,
        FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
        FILE_OPEN,
        FILE_DIRECTORY_FILE | FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        // Remove any files or folders inside the directory. (dmex)
        status = PhEnumDirectoryFile(
            directoryHandle,
            NULL,
            PhpDeleteDirectoryCallback,
            DirectoryPath
            );

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
        {
            // Remove the directory. (dmex)
            status = PhDeleteFile(directoryHandle);
        }

        NtClose(directoryHandle);
    }

    if (!PhDoesFileExistWin32(PhGetString(DirectoryPath)))
        return STATUS_SUCCESS;

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhCopyFileWin32(
    _In_ PWSTR OldFileName,
    _In_ PWSTR NewFileName,
    _In_ BOOLEAN FailIfExists
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    HANDLE fileHandle;
    HANDLE newFileHandle;
    FILE_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;
    LARGE_INTEGER newFileSize;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;
    BYTE buffer[PAGE_SIZE];

    status = PhCreateFileWin32(
        &fileHandle,
        OldFileName,
        FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES | FILE_READ_DATA | SYNCHRONIZE,
        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
        FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
        FILE_OPEN,
        FILE_NON_DIRECTORY_FILE | FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT | FILE_SEQUENTIAL_ONLY
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    status = PhGetFileBasicInformation(fileHandle, &basicInfo);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    status = PhGetFileSize(fileHandle, &newFileSize);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    status = PhCreateFileWin32Ex(
        &newFileHandle,
        NewFileName,
        FILE_GENERIC_WRITE,
        &newFileSize,
        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
        FILE_SHARE_READ,
        FailIfExists ? FILE_CREATE : FILE_OVERWRITE_IF,
        FILE_NON_DIRECTORY_FILE | FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT | FILE_SEQUENTIAL_ONLY,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    while (TRUE)
    {
        status = NtReadFile(
            fileHandle,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            &isb,
            buffer,
            sizeof(buffer),
            NULL,
            NULL
            );

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            break;
        if (isb.Information == 0)
            break;

        status = NtWriteFile(
            newFileHandle,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            &isb,
            buffer,
            (ULONG)isb.Information,
            NULL,
            NULL
            );

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            break;
        if (isb.Information == 0)
            break;
    }

    if (status == STATUS_END_OF_FILE)
    {
        status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        NtSetInformationFile(
            newFileHandle,
            &isb,
            &basicInfo,
            sizeof(FILE_BASIC_INFORMATION),
            FileBasicInformation
            );
    }
    else
    {
        PhDeleteFile(newFileHandle);
    }

    NtClose(newFileHandle);

CleanupExit:
    NtClose(fileHandle);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhMoveFileWin32(
    _In_ PWSTR OldFileName,
    _In_ PWSTR NewFileName,
    _In_ BOOLEAN FailIfExists
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    HANDLE fileHandle;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;
    ULONG renameInfoLength;
    UNICODE_STRING newFileName;
    PFILE_RENAME_INFORMATION renameInfo;

    status = RtlDosPathNameToNtPathName_U_WithStatus(
        NewFileName,
        &newFileName,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    status = PhCreateFileWin32(
        &fileHandle,
        OldFileName,
        FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES | FILE_READ_DATA | DELETE | SYNCHRONIZE,
        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
        FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
        FILE_OPEN,
        FILE_NON_DIRECTORY_FILE | FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT | FILE_SEQUENTIAL_ONLY
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        RtlFreeUnicodeString(&newFileName);
        return status;
    }

    renameInfoLength = sizeof(FILE_RENAME_INFORMATION) + newFileName.Length + sizeof(UNICODE_NULL);
    renameInfo = PhAllocateZero(renameInfoLength);
    renameInfo->ReplaceIfExists = FailIfExists ? FALSE : TRUE;
    renameInfo->RootDirectory = NULL;
    renameInfo->FileNameLength = newFileName.Length;
    memcpy(renameInfo->FileName, newFileName.Buffer, newFileName.Length);
    RtlFreeUnicodeString(&newFileName);

    status = NtSetInformationFile(
        fileHandle,
        &isb,
        renameInfo,
        renameInfoLength,
        FileRenameInformation
        );

    if (status == STATUS_NOT_SAME_DEVICE)
    {
        HANDLE newFileHandle;
        LARGE_INTEGER newFileSize;
        BYTE buffer[PAGE_SIZE];

        status = PhGetFileSize(fileHandle, &newFileSize);

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            goto CleanupExit;

        status = PhCreateFileWin32Ex(
            &newFileHandle,
            NewFileName,
            FILE_GENERIC_WRITE,
            &newFileSize,
            FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
            FILE_SHARE_READ,
            FailIfExists ? FILE_CREATE : FILE_OVERWRITE_IF,
            FILE_NON_DIRECTORY_FILE | FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT | FILE_SEQUENTIAL_ONLY,
            NULL
            );

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
        {
            while (TRUE)
            {
                status = NtReadFile(
                    fileHandle,
                    NULL,
                    NULL,
                    NULL,
                    &isb,
                    buffer,
                    sizeof(buffer),
                    NULL,
                    NULL
                    );

                if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
                    break;
                if (isb.Information == 0)
                    break;

                status = NtWriteFile(
                    newFileHandle,
                    NULL,
                    NULL,
                    NULL,
                    &isb,
                    buffer,
                    (ULONG)isb.Information,
                    NULL,
                    NULL
                    );

                if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
                    break;
                if (isb.Information == 0)
                    break;
            }

            if (status == STATUS_END_OF_FILE)
            {
                status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
            }

            if (status != STATUS_SUCCESS)
            {
                PhDeleteFile(newFileHandle);
            }

            NtClose(newFileHandle);
        }
    }

CleanupExit:
    NtClose(fileHandle);
    PhFree(renameInfo);

    return status;
}

/**
* Creates an anonymous pipe.
*
* \param PipeReadHandle The pipe read handle.
* \param PipeWriteHandle The pipe write handle.
*/
NTSTATUS PhCreatePipe(
    _Out_ PHANDLE PipeReadHandle,
    _Out_ PHANDLE PipeWriteHandle
    )
{
    return PhCreatePipeEx(PipeReadHandle, PipeWriteHandle, FALSE, NULL);
}

NTSTATUS PhCreatePipeEx(
    _Out_ PHANDLE PipeReadHandle,
    _Out_ PHANDLE PipeWriteHandle,
    _In_ BOOLEAN InheritHandles,
    _In_opt_ PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR SecurityDescriptor
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PACL pipeAcl = NULL;
    HANDLE pipeDirectoryHandle;
    HANDLE pipeReadHandle;
    HANDLE pipeWriteHandle;
    LARGE_INTEGER pipeTimeout;
    UNICODE_STRING pipeName;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    RtlInitUnicodeString(&pipeName, DEVICE_NAMED_PIPE);
    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &pipeName,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    status = NtOpenFile(
        &pipeDirectoryHandle,
        GENERIC_READ | SYNCHRONIZE,
        &objectAttributes,
        &isb,
        FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
        FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    RtlInitEmptyUnicodeString(&pipeName, NULL, 0);
    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &pipeName,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE | (InheritHandles ? OBJ_INHERIT : 0),
        pipeDirectoryHandle,
        NULL
        );

    if (SecurityDescriptor)
    {
        objectAttributes.SecurityDescriptor = SecurityDescriptor;
    }
    else
    {
        if (NT_SUCCESS(RtlDefaultNpAcl_Import()(&pipeAcl)))
        {
            SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR securityDescriptor;

            RtlCreateSecurityDescriptor(&securityDescriptor, SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_REVISION);
            RtlSetDaclSecurityDescriptor(&securityDescriptor, TRUE, pipeAcl, FALSE);

            objectAttributes.SecurityDescriptor = &securityDescriptor;
        }
    }

    status = NtCreateNamedPipeFile(
        &pipeReadHandle,
        FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES | GENERIC_READ | SYNCHRONIZE,
        &objectAttributes,
        &isb,
        FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
        FILE_CREATE,
        FILE_PIPE_INBOUND | FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT,
        FILE_PIPE_BYTE_STREAM_TYPE | FILE_PIPE_REJECT_REMOTE_CLIENTS,
        FILE_PIPE_BYTE_STREAM_MODE,
        FILE_PIPE_QUEUE_OPERATION,
        1,
        PAGE_SIZE,
        PAGE_SIZE,
        PhTimeoutFromMilliseconds(&pipeTimeout, 120000)
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        if (pipeAcl)
            RtlFreeHeap(RtlProcessHeap(), 0, pipeAcl);

        NtClose(pipeDirectoryHandle);
        return status;
    }

    RtlInitEmptyUnicodeString(&pipeName, NULL, 0);
    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &pipeName,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE | (InheritHandles ? OBJ_INHERIT : 0),
        pipeReadHandle,
        NULL
        );

    status = NtOpenFile(
        &pipeWriteHandle,
        FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES | GENERIC_WRITE | SYNCHRONIZE,
        &objectAttributes,
        &isb,
        FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
        FILE_NON_DIRECTORY_FILE | FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *PipeReadHandle = pipeReadHandle;
        *PipeWriteHandle = pipeWriteHandle;
    }

    if (pipeAcl)
        RtlFreeHeap(RtlProcessHeap(), 0, pipeAcl);

    NtClose(pipeDirectoryHandle);
    return status;
}

/**
* Creates an named pipe.
*
* \param PipeHandle The pipe read/write handle.
* \param PipeName The pipe name.
*/
NTSTATUS PhCreateNamedPipe(
    _Out_ PHANDLE PipeHandle,
    _In_ PWSTR PipeName
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PACL pipeAcl = NULL;
    HANDLE pipeHandle;
    PPH_STRING pipeName;
    LARGE_INTEGER pipeTimeout;
    UNICODE_STRING pipeNameUs;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;
    SECURITY_QUALITY_OF_SERVICE pipeSecurityQos =
    {
        sizeof(SECURITY_QUALITY_OF_SERVICE),
        SecurityAnonymous,
        SECURITY_STATIC_TRACKING,
        FALSE
    };

    pipeName = PhConcatStrings2(DEVICE_NAMED_PIPE, PipeName);
    PhStringRefToUnicodeString(&pipeName->sr, &pipeNameUs);

    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &pipeNameUs,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );
    objectAttributes.SecurityQualityOfService = &pipeSecurityQos;

    if (NT_SUCCESS(RtlDefaultNpAcl_Import()(&pipeAcl)))
    {
        SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR securityDescriptor;

        RtlCreateSecurityDescriptor(&securityDescriptor, SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_REVISION);
        RtlSetDaclSecurityDescriptor(&securityDescriptor, TRUE, pipeAcl, FALSE);

        objectAttributes.SecurityDescriptor = &securityDescriptor;
    }

    status = NtCreateNamedPipeFile(
        &pipeHandle,
        FILE_GENERIC_READ | FILE_GENERIC_WRITE | SYNCHRONIZE,
        &objectAttributes,
        &isb,
        FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
        FILE_OPEN_IF,
        FILE_PIPE_FULL_DUPLEX | FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT,
        FILE_PIPE_MESSAGE_TYPE | FILE_PIPE_REJECT_REMOTE_CLIENTS,
        FILE_PIPE_MESSAGE_MODE,
        FILE_PIPE_QUEUE_OPERATION,
        FILE_PIPE_UNLIMITED_INSTANCES,
        PAGE_SIZE,
        PAGE_SIZE,
        PhTimeoutFromMilliseconds(&pipeTimeout, 1000)
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *PipeHandle = pipeHandle;
    }

    if (pipeAcl)
        RtlFreeHeap(RtlProcessHeap(), 0, pipeAcl);

    PhDereferenceObject(pipeName);
    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhConnectPipe(
    _Out_ PHANDLE PipeHandle,
    _In_ PWSTR PipeName
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    HANDLE pipeHandle;
    PPH_STRING pipeName;
    UNICODE_STRING pipeNameUs;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;
    SECURITY_QUALITY_OF_SERVICE pipeSecurityQos =
    {
        sizeof(SECURITY_QUALITY_OF_SERVICE),
        SecurityAnonymous,
        SECURITY_STATIC_TRACKING,
        FALSE
    };

    pipeName = PhConcatStrings2(DEVICE_NAMED_PIPE, PipeName);
    PhStringRefToUnicodeString(&pipeName->sr, &pipeNameUs);

    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &pipeNameUs,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );
    objectAttributes.SecurityQualityOfService = &pipeSecurityQos;

    status = NtCreateFile(
        &pipeHandle,
        FILE_GENERIC_READ | FILE_GENERIC_WRITE | SYNCHRONIZE,
        &objectAttributes,
        &isb,
        NULL,
        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
        FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
        FILE_OPEN_IF,
        FILE_NON_DIRECTORY_FILE | FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT,
        NULL,
        0
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *PipeHandle = pipeHandle;
    }

    PhDereferenceObject(pipeName);
    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhListenNamedPipe(
    _In_ HANDLE PipeHandle
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    status = NtFsControlFile(
        PipeHandle,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        &isb,
        FSCTL_PIPE_LISTEN,
        NULL,
        0,
        NULL,
        0
        );

    if (status == STATUS_PENDING)
    {
        status = NtWaitForSingleObject(PipeHandle, FALSE, NULL);

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
            status = isb.Status;
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhDisconnectNamedPipe(
    _In_ HANDLE PipeHandle
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    status = NtFsControlFile(
        PipeHandle,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        &isb,
        FSCTL_PIPE_DISCONNECT,
        NULL,
        0,
        NULL,
        0
        );

    if (status == STATUS_PENDING)
    {
        status = NtWaitForSingleObject(PipeHandle, FALSE, NULL);

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
            status = isb.Status;
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhPeekNamedPipe(
    _In_ HANDLE PipeHandle,
    _Out_writes_bytes_opt_(Length) PVOID Buffer,
    _In_ ULONG Length,
    _Out_opt_ PULONG NumberOfBytesRead,
    _Out_opt_ PULONG NumberOfBytesAvailable,
    _Out_opt_ PULONG NumberOfBytesLeftInMessage
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;
    PFILE_PIPE_PEEK_BUFFER peekBuffer;
    ULONG peekBufferLength;

    peekBufferLength = FIELD_OFFSET(FILE_PIPE_PEEK_BUFFER, Data) + Length;
    peekBuffer = PhAllocate(peekBufferLength);

    status = NtFsControlFile(
        PipeHandle,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        &isb,
        FSCTL_PIPE_PEEK,
        NULL,
        0,
        peekBuffer,
        peekBufferLength
        );

    if (status == STATUS_PENDING)
    {
        status = NtWaitForSingleObject(PipeHandle, FALSE, NULL);

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
            status = isb.Status;
    }

    // STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW means that there is data remaining; this is normal.
    if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW)
        status = STATUS_SUCCESS;

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        ULONG numberOfBytesRead = 0;

        if (Buffer || NumberOfBytesRead || NumberOfBytesLeftInMessage)
            numberOfBytesRead = (ULONG)(isb.Information - FIELD_OFFSET(FILE_PIPE_PEEK_BUFFER, Data));

        if (Buffer)
            memcpy(Buffer, peekBuffer->Data, numberOfBytesRead);

        if (NumberOfBytesRead)
            *NumberOfBytesRead = numberOfBytesRead;

        if (NumberOfBytesAvailable)
            *NumberOfBytesAvailable = peekBuffer->ReadDataAvailable;

        if (NumberOfBytesLeftInMessage)
            *NumberOfBytesLeftInMessage = peekBuffer->MessageLength - numberOfBytesRead;
    }

    PhFree(peekBuffer);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhCallNamedPipe(
    _In_ PWSTR PipeName,
    _In_reads_bytes_(InputBufferLength) PVOID InputBuffer,
    _In_ ULONG InputBufferLength,
    _Out_writes_bytes_(OutputBufferLength) PVOID OutputBuffer,
    _In_ ULONG OutputBufferLength
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    HANDLE pipeHandle = NULL;

    status = PhConnectPipe(&pipeHandle, PipeName);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        PhWaitForNamedPipe(PipeName, 1000);

        status = PhConnectPipe(&pipeHandle, PipeName);
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        FILE_PIPE_INFORMATION pipeInfo;
        IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

        memset(&pipeInfo, 0, sizeof(FILE_PIPE_INFORMATION));
        pipeInfo.CompletionMode = FILE_PIPE_QUEUE_OPERATION;
        pipeInfo.ReadMode = FILE_PIPE_MESSAGE_MODE;

        status = NtSetInformationFile(
            pipeHandle,
            &isb,
            &pipeInfo,
            sizeof(FILE_PIPE_INFORMATION),
            FilePipeInformation
            );
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        status = PhTransceiveNamedPipe(
            pipeHandle,
            InputBuffer,
            InputBufferLength,
            OutputBuffer,
            OutputBufferLength
            );
    }

    if (pipeHandle)
    {
        //IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;
        //NtFlushBuffersFile(pipeHandle, &isb);
        PhDisconnectNamedPipe(pipeHandle);
        NtClose(pipeHandle);
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhTransceiveNamedPipe(
    _In_ HANDLE PipeHandle,
    _In_reads_bytes_(InputBufferLength) PVOID InputBuffer,
    _In_ ULONG InputBufferLength,
    _Out_writes_bytes_(OutputBufferLength) PVOID OutputBuffer,
    _In_ ULONG OutputBufferLength
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    status = NtFsControlFile(
        PipeHandle,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        &isb,
        FSCTL_PIPE_TRANSCEIVE,
        InputBuffer,
        InputBufferLength,
        OutputBuffer,
        OutputBufferLength
        );

    if (status == STATUS_PENDING)
    {
        status = NtWaitForSingleObject(PipeHandle, FALSE, NULL);

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
            status = isb.Status;
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhWaitForNamedPipe(
    _In_ PWSTR PipeName,
    _In_opt_ ULONG Timeout
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;
    PH_STRINGREF localNpfsNameSr;
    UNICODE_STRING localNpfsName;
    HANDLE fileSystemHandle;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
    PFILE_PIPE_WAIT_FOR_BUFFER waitForBuffer;
    ULONG waitForBufferLength;

    RtlInitUnicodeString(&localNpfsName, DEVICE_NAMED_PIPE);
    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &localNpfsName,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    status = NtOpenFile(
        &fileSystemHandle,
        FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES | SYNCHRONIZE,
        &objectAttributes,
        &isb,
        FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
        FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    PhInitializeStringRefLongHint(&localNpfsNameSr, PipeName);
    waitForBufferLength = FIELD_OFFSET(FILE_PIPE_WAIT_FOR_BUFFER, Name) + (ULONG)localNpfsNameSr.Length;
    waitForBuffer = PhAllocate(waitForBufferLength);

    if (Timeout)
    {
        PhTimeoutFromMilliseconds(&waitForBuffer->Timeout, Timeout);
        waitForBuffer->TimeoutSpecified = TRUE;
    }
    else
    {
        waitForBuffer->Timeout.LowPart = 0;
        waitForBuffer->Timeout.HighPart = MINLONG; // a very long time
        waitForBuffer->TimeoutSpecified = TRUE;
    }

    waitForBuffer->NameLength = (ULONG)localNpfsNameSr.Length;
    memcpy(waitForBuffer->Name, localNpfsNameSr.Buffer, localNpfsNameSr.Length);

    status = NtFsControlFile(
        fileSystemHandle,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        &isb,
        FSCTL_PIPE_WAIT,
        waitForBuffer,
        waitForBufferLength,
        NULL,
        0
        );

    PhFree(waitForBuffer);
    NtClose(fileSystemHandle);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhImpersonateClientOfNamedPipe(
    _In_ HANDLE PipeHandle
    )
{
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    return NtFsControlFile(
        PipeHandle,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        &isb,
        FSCTL_PIPE_IMPERSONATE,
        NULL,
        0,
        NULL,
        0
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhDisableImpersonateNamedPipe(
    _In_ HANDLE PipeHandle
    )
{
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    return NtFsControlFile(
        PipeHandle,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        &isb,
        FSCTL_PIPE_DISABLE_IMPERSONATE,
        NULL,
        0,
        NULL,
        0
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhGetNamedPipeClientComputerName(
    _In_ HANDLE PipeHandle,
    _In_ ULONG ClientComputerNameLength,
    _Out_ PVOID ClientComputerName
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;

    status = NtFsControlFile(
        PipeHandle,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        &isb,
        FSCTL_PIPE_GET_CONNECTION_ATTRIBUTE,
        "ClientComputerName",
        sizeof("ClientComputerName"),
        ClientComputerName,
        ClientComputerNameLength
        );

    if (status == STATUS_PENDING)
    {
        status = NtWaitForSingleObject(PipeHandle, FALSE, NULL);

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
            status = isb.Status;
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetNamedPipeClientProcessId(
    _In_ HANDLE PipeHandle,
    _Out_ PHANDLE ClientProcessId
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;
    ULONG processId = 0;

    status = NtFsControlFile(
        PipeHandle,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        &isb,
        FSCTL_PIPE_GET_CONNECTION_ATTRIBUTE,
        "ClientProcessId",
        sizeof("ClientProcessId"),
        &processId,
        sizeof(ULONG)
        );

    if (status == STATUS_PENDING)
    {
        status = NtWaitForSingleObject(PipeHandle, FALSE, NULL);

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
            status = isb.Status;
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        if (ClientProcessId)
        {
            *ClientProcessId = UlongToHandle(processId);
        }
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetNamedPipeClientSessionId(
    _In_ HANDLE PipeHandle,
    _Out_ PHANDLE ClientSessionId
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;
    ULONG processId = 0;

    status = NtFsControlFile(
        PipeHandle,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        &isb,
        FSCTL_PIPE_GET_CONNECTION_ATTRIBUTE,
        "ClientSessionId",
        sizeof("ClientSessionId"),
        &processId,
        sizeof(ULONG)
        );

    if (status == STATUS_PENDING)
    {
        status = NtWaitForSingleObject(PipeHandle, FALSE, NULL);

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
            status = isb.Status;
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        if (ClientSessionId)
        {
            *ClientSessionId = UlongToHandle(processId);
        }
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetNamedPipeServerProcessId(
    _In_ HANDLE PipeHandle,
    _Out_ PHANDLE ServerProcessId
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;
    ULONG processId = 0;

    status = NtFsControlFile(
        PipeHandle,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        &isb,
        FSCTL_PIPE_GET_PIPE_ATTRIBUTE,
        "ServerProcessId",
        sizeof("ServerProcessId"),
        &processId,
        sizeof(ULONG)
        );

    if (status == STATUS_PENDING)
    {
        status = NtWaitForSingleObject(PipeHandle, FALSE, NULL);

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
            status = isb.Status;
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        if (ServerProcessId)
        {
            *ServerProcessId = UlongToHandle(processId);
        }
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetNamedPipeServerSessionId(
    _In_ HANDLE PipeHandle,
    _Out_ PHANDLE ServerSessionId
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK isb;
    ULONG processId = 0;

    status = NtFsControlFile(
        PipeHandle,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        NULL,
        &isb,
        FSCTL_PIPE_GET_PIPE_ATTRIBUTE,
        "ServerSessionId",
        sizeof("ServerSessionId"),
        &processId,
        sizeof(ULONG)
        );

    if (status == STATUS_PENDING)
    {
        status = NtWaitForSingleObject(PipeHandle, FALSE, NULL);

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
            status = isb.Status;
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        if (ServerSessionId)
        {
            *ServerSessionId = UlongToHandle(processId);
        }
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetThreadName(
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadHandle,
    _Out_ PPH_STRING *ThreadName
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PTHREAD_NAME_INFORMATION buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize;
    ULONG returnLength;

    bufferSize = 0x100;
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    status = NtQueryInformationThread(
        ThreadHandle,
        ThreadNameInformation,
        buffer,
        bufferSize,
        &returnLength
        );

    if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_OVERFLOW)
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        bufferSize = returnLength;
        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

        status = NtQueryInformationThread(
            ThreadHandle,
            ThreadNameInformation,
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            &returnLength
            );
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        // Note: Some threads have UNICODE_NULL as their name. (dmex)
        if (buffer->ThreadName.Length == 0)
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
            return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
        }

        *ThreadName = PhCreateStringFromUnicodeString(&buffer->ThreadName);
    }

    PhFree(buffer);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetThreadName(
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadHandle,
    _In_ PCWSTR ThreadName
    )
{
    THREAD_NAME_INFORMATION threadNameInfo;

    memset(&threadNameInfo, 0, sizeof(THREAD_NAME_INFORMATION));
    RtlInitUnicodeString(&threadNameInfo.ThreadName, ThreadName);

    return NtSetInformationThread(
        ThreadHandle,
        ThreadNameInformation,
        &threadNameInfo,
        sizeof(THREAD_NAME_INFORMATION)
        );
}

/**
 * Sets a thread's affinity mask.
 *
 * \param ThreadHandle A handle to a thread. The handle must have THREAD_SET_LIMITED_INFORMATION
 * access.
 * \param AffinityMask The new affinity mask.
 */
NTSTATUS PhSetThreadAffinityMask(
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadHandle,
    _In_ KAFFINITY AffinityMask
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;

    status = NtSetInformationThread(
        ThreadHandle,
        ThreadAffinityMask,
        &AffinityMask,
        sizeof(KAFFINITY)
        );

    if ((status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) && (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax))
    {
        status = KphSetInformationThread(
            ThreadHandle,
            KphThreadAffinityMask,
            &AffinityMask,
            sizeof(KAFFINITY)
            );
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetThreadBasePriority(
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadHandle,
    _In_ KPRIORITY Increment
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;

    status = NtSetInformationThread(
        ThreadHandle,
        ThreadBasePriority,
        &Increment,
        sizeof(KPRIORITY)
        );

    if ((status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) && (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax))
    {
        status = KphSetInformationThread(
            ThreadHandle,
            KphThreadBasePriority,
            &Increment,
            sizeof(KPRIORITY)
            );
    }

    return status;
}

/**
 * Sets a thread's I/O priority.
 *
 * \param ThreadHandle A handle to a thread. The handle must have THREAD_SET_LIMITED_INFORMATION
 * access.
 * \param IoPriority The new I/O priority.
 */
NTSTATUS PhSetThreadIoPriority(
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadHandle,
    _In_ IO_PRIORITY_HINT IoPriority
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;

    status = NtSetInformationThread(
        ThreadHandle,
        ThreadIoPriority,
        &IoPriority,
        sizeof(IO_PRIORITY_HINT)
        );

    if ((status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) && (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax))
    {
        status = KphSetInformationThread(
            ThreadHandle,
            KphThreadIoPriority,
            &IoPriority,
            sizeof(IO_PRIORITY_HINT)
            );
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetThreadPagePriority(
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadHandle,
    _In_ ULONG PagePriority
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PAGE_PRIORITY_INFORMATION pagePriorityInfo;

    pagePriorityInfo.PagePriority = PagePriority;

    status = NtSetInformationThread(
        ThreadHandle,
        ThreadPagePriority,
        &pagePriorityInfo,
        sizeof(PAGE_PRIORITY_INFORMATION)
        );

    if ((status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) && (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax))
    {
        status = KphSetInformationThread(
            ThreadHandle,
            KphThreadPagePriority,
            &pagePriorityInfo,
            sizeof(PAGE_PRIORITY_INFORMATION)
            );
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetThreadPriorityBoost(
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadHandle,
    _In_ BOOLEAN PriorityBoost
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    ULONG priorityBoost;

    priorityBoost = PriorityBoost ? 1 : 0;

    status = NtSetInformationThread(
        ThreadHandle,
        ThreadPriorityBoost,
        &priorityBoost,
        sizeof(ULONG)
        );

    if ((status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) && (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax))
    {
        status = KphSetInformationThread(
            ThreadHandle,
            KphThreadPriorityBoost,
            &priorityBoost,
            sizeof(ULONG)
            );
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetThreadIdealProcessor(
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadHandle,
    _In_ PPROCESSOR_NUMBER ProcessorNumber,
    _Out_opt_ PPROCESSOR_NUMBER PreviousIdealProcessor
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PROCESSOR_NUMBER processorNumber;

    processorNumber = *ProcessorNumber;
    status = NtSetInformationThread(
        ThreadHandle,
        ThreadIdealProcessorEx,
        &processorNumber,
        sizeof(PROCESSOR_NUMBER)
        );

    if ((status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) && (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax))
    {
        status = KphSetInformationThread(
            ThreadHandle,
            KphThreadIdealProcessorEx,
            &processorNumber,
            sizeof(PROCESSOR_NUMBER)
            );
    }

    if (PreviousIdealProcessor)
        *PreviousIdealProcessor = processorNumber;

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetThreadGroupAffinity(
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadHandle,
    _In_ GROUP_AFFINITY GroupAffinity
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;

    status = NtSetInformationThread(
        ThreadHandle,
        ThreadGroupInformation,
        &GroupAffinity,
        sizeof(GROUP_AFFINITY)
        );

    if ((status == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED) && (KphLevel() == KphLevelMax))
    {
        status = KphSetInformationThread(
            ThreadHandle,
            KphThreadGroupInformation,
            &GroupAffinity,
            sizeof(GROUP_AFFINITY)
            );
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetThreadLastSystemCall(
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadHandle,
    _Out_ PTHREAD_LAST_SYSCALL_INFORMATION LastSystemCall
    )
{
    if (WindowsVersion < WINDOWS_8)
    {
        return NtQueryInformationThread(
            ThreadHandle,
            ThreadLastSystemCall,
            LastSystemCall,
            RTL_SIZEOF_THROUGH_FIELD(THREAD_LAST_SYSCALL_INFORMATION, Pad),
            NULL
            );
    }
    else
    {
        return NtQueryInformationThread(
            ThreadHandle,
            ThreadLastSystemCall,
            LastSystemCall,
            sizeof(THREAD_LAST_SYSCALL_INFORMATION),
            NULL
            );
    }
}

NTSTATUS PhImpersonateToken(
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadHandle,
    _In_ HANDLE TokenHandle
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    TOKEN_TYPE tokenType;
    ULONG returnLength;

    status = NtQueryInformationToken(
        TokenHandle,
        TokenType,
        &tokenType,
        sizeof(TOKEN_TYPE),
        &returnLength
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    if (tokenType == TokenPrimary)
    {
        SECURITY_QUALITY_OF_SERVICE securityService;
        OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
        HANDLE tokenHandle;

        InitializeObjectAttributes(
            &objectAttributes,
            NULL,
            0,
            NULL,
            NULL
            );

        securityService.Length = sizeof(SECURITY_QUALITY_OF_SERVICE);
        securityService.ImpersonationLevel = SecurityImpersonation;
        securityService.ContextTrackingMode = SECURITY_DYNAMIC_TRACKING;
        securityService.EffectiveOnly = FALSE;
        objectAttributes.SecurityQualityOfService = &securityService;

        status = NtDuplicateToken(
            TokenHandle,
            TOKEN_IMPERSONATE | TOKEN_QUERY,
            &objectAttributes,
            FALSE,
            TokenImpersonation,
            &tokenHandle
            );

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            return status;

        status = NtSetInformationThread(
            ThreadHandle,
            ThreadImpersonationToken,
            &tokenHandle,
            sizeof(HANDLE)
            );

        NtClose(tokenHandle);
    }
    else
    {
        status = NtSetInformationThread(
            ThreadHandle,
            ThreadImpersonationToken,
            &TokenHandle,
            sizeof(HANDLE)
            );
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhRevertImpersonationToken(
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadHandle
    )
{
    HANDLE tokenHandle = NULL;

    return NtSetInformationThread(
        ThreadHandle,
        ThreadImpersonationToken,
        &tokenHandle,
        sizeof(HANDLE)
        );
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessHeapSignature(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PVOID HeapAddress,
    _In_ ULONG IsWow64,
    _Out_ ULONG *HeapSignature
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status = STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
    ULONG heapSignature = ULONG_MAX;

    if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_7)
    {
        // dt _HEAP SegmentSignature
        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(HeapAddress, IsWow64 ? 0x8 : 0x10),
            &heapSignature,
            sizeof(ULONG),
            NULL
            );
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        if (HeapSignature)
            *HeapSignature = heapSignature;
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessHeapFrontEndType(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PVOID HeapAddress,
    _In_ ULONG IsWow64,
    _Out_ UCHAR *HeapFrontEndType
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status = STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
    UCHAR heapFrontEndType = UCHAR_MAX;

    if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_10)
    {
        // dt _HEAP FrontEndHeapType
        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(HeapAddress, IsWow64 ? 0x0ea : 0x1a2),
            &heapFrontEndType,
            sizeof(UCHAR),
            NULL
            );
    }
    else if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_8_1)
    {
        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(HeapAddress, IsWow64 ? 0x0d6 : 0x17a),
            &heapFrontEndType,
            sizeof(UCHAR),
            NULL
            );
    }
    else if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_7)
    {
        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(HeapAddress, IsWow64 ? 0x0da : 0x182),
            &heapFrontEndType,
            sizeof(UCHAR),
            NULL
            );
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        if (HeapFrontEndType)
            *HeapFrontEndType = heapFrontEndType;
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhQueryProcessHeapInformation(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessId,
    _Out_ PPH_PROCESS_DEBUG_HEAP_INFORMATION* HeapInformation
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PRTL_DEBUG_INFORMATION debugBuffer = NULL;
    PPH_PROCESS_DEBUG_HEAP_INFORMATION heapDebugInfo = NULL;

    for (ULONG i = 0x400000; ; i *= 2) // rev from Heap32First/Heap32Next (dmex)
    {
        if (!(debugBuffer = RtlCreateQueryDebugBuffer(i, FALSE)))
            return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;

        status = RtlQueryProcessDebugInformation(
            ProcessId,
            RTL_QUERY_PROCESS_HEAP_SUMMARY | RTL_QUERY_PROCESS_HEAP_ENTRIES | RTL_QUERY_PROCESS_NONINVASIVE,
            debugBuffer
            );

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        {
            RtlDestroyQueryDebugBuffer(debugBuffer);
            debugBuffer = NULL;
        }

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status) || status != STATUS_NO_MEMORY)
            break;

        if (2 * i <= i)
        {
            status = STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
            break;
        }
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    if (!debugBuffer->Heaps)
    {
        // The RtlQueryProcessDebugInformation function has two bugs on some versions
        // when querying the ProcessId for a frozen (suspended) immersive process. (dmex)
        //
        // 1) It'll deadlock the current thread for 30 seconds.
        // 2) It'll return STATUS_SUCCESS but with a NULL Heaps buffer.
        //
        // A workaround was implemented using PhCreateExecutionRequiredRequest() (dmex)

        RtlDestroyQueryDebugBuffer(debugBuffer);
        return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
    }

    if (WindowsVersion > WINDOWS_11)
    {
        heapDebugInfo = PhAllocateZero(sizeof(PH_PROCESS_DEBUG_HEAP_INFORMATION) + ((PRTL_PROCESS_HEAPS_V2)debugBuffer->Heaps)->NumberOfHeaps * sizeof(PH_PROCESS_DEBUG_HEAP_ENTRY));
        heapDebugInfo->NumberOfHeaps = ((PRTL_PROCESS_HEAPS_V2)debugBuffer->Heaps)->NumberOfHeaps;
    }
    else
    {
        heapDebugInfo = PhAllocateZero(sizeof(PH_PROCESS_DEBUG_HEAP_INFORMATION) + ((PRTL_PROCESS_HEAPS_V1)debugBuffer->Heaps)->NumberOfHeaps * sizeof(PH_PROCESS_DEBUG_HEAP_ENTRY));
        heapDebugInfo->NumberOfHeaps = ((PRTL_PROCESS_HEAPS_V1)debugBuffer->Heaps)->NumberOfHeaps;
    }

    heapDebugInfo->DefaultHeap = debugBuffer->ProcessHeap;

    for (ULONG i = 0; i < heapDebugInfo->NumberOfHeaps; i++)
    {
        RTL_HEAP_INFORMATION_V2 heapInfo = { 0 };
        HANDLE processHandle;
        SIZE_T allocated = 0;
        SIZE_T committed = 0;

        if (WindowsVersion > WINDOWS_11)
        {
            heapInfo = ((PRTL_PROCESS_HEAPS_V2)debugBuffer->Heaps)->Heaps[i];
        }
        else
        {
            RTL_HEAP_INFORMATION_V1 heapInfoV1 = ((PRTL_PROCESS_HEAPS_V1)debugBuffer->Heaps)->Heaps[i];
            heapInfo.NumberOfEntries = heapInfoV1.NumberOfEntries;
            heapInfo.Entries = heapInfoV1.Entries;
            heapInfo.BytesCommitted = heapInfoV1.BytesCommitted;
            heapInfo.Flags = heapInfoV1.Flags;
            heapInfo.BaseAddress = heapInfoV1.BaseAddress;
        }

        // go through all heap entries and compute amount of allocated and committed bytes
        for (ULONG e = 0; e < heapInfo.NumberOfEntries; e++)
        {
            PRTL_HEAP_ENTRY entry = &heapInfo.Entries[e];

            if (entry->Flags & RTL_HEAP_BUSY)
                allocated += entry->Size;
            if (entry->Flags & RTL_HEAP_SEGMENT)
                committed += entry->u.s2.CommittedSize;
        }

        // sometimes computed number if commited bytes is few pages smaller than the one reported by API, lets use the higher value
        if (committed < heapInfo.BytesCommitted)
            committed = heapInfo.BytesCommitted;

        // make sure number of allocated bytes is not higher than number of committed bytes (as that would make no sense)
        if (allocated > committed)
            allocated = committed;

        heapDebugInfo->Heaps[i].Flags = heapInfo.Flags;
        heapDebugInfo->Heaps[i].Signature = ULONG_MAX;
        heapDebugInfo->Heaps[i].HeapFrontEndType = UCHAR_MAX;
        heapDebugInfo->Heaps[i].NumberOfEntries = heapInfo.NumberOfEntries;
        heapDebugInfo->Heaps[i].BaseAddress = heapInfo.BaseAddress;
        heapDebugInfo->Heaps[i].BytesAllocated = allocated;
        heapDebugInfo->Heaps[i].BytesCommitted = committed;

        if (NT_SUCCESS(PhOpenProcess(
            &processHandle,
            PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION | PROCESS_VM_READ,
            ProcessId
            )))
        {
            ULONG signature = ULONG_MAX;
            UCHAR frontEndType = UCHAR_MAX;
#ifndef _WIN64
            BOOLEAN isWow64 = TRUE;
#else
            BOOLEAN isWow64 = FALSE;

            PhGetProcessIsWow64(processHandle, &isWow64);
#endif
            if (NT_SUCCESS(PhGetProcessHeapSignature(
                processHandle,
                heapInfo.BaseAddress,
                isWow64,
                &signature
                )))
            {
                heapDebugInfo->Heaps[i].Signature = signature;
            }

            if (NT_SUCCESS(PhGetProcessHeapFrontEndType(
                processHandle,
                heapInfo.BaseAddress,
                isWow64,
                &frontEndType
                )))
            {
                heapDebugInfo->Heaps[i].HeapFrontEndType = frontEndType;
            }

            NtClose(processHandle);
        }
    }

    if (HeapInformation)
        *HeapInformation = heapDebugInfo;
    else
        PhFree(heapDebugInfo);

    if (debugBuffer)
        RtlDestroyQueryDebugBuffer(debugBuffer);

    return STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessArchitecture(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PUSHORT ProcessArchitecture
    )
{
    USHORT architecture;
    NTSTATUS status;
    SYSTEM_SUPPORTED_PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURES_INFORMATION* buffer;
    ULONG bufferLength;
    ULONG returnLength;

    // Essentially KernelBase!QueryProcessMachine (jxy-s)
    bufferLength = sizeof(SYSTEM_SUPPORTED_PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURES_INFORMATION[5]);
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferLength);

    status = NtQuerySystemInformationEx(
        SystemSupportedProcessorArchitectures2,
        &ProcessHandle,
        sizeof(ProcessHandle),
        buffer,
        bufferLength,
        &returnLength
        );

    if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL)
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        bufferLength = returnLength;
        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferLength);

        status = NtQuerySystemInformationEx(
            SystemSupportedProcessorArchitectures2,
            &ProcessHandle,
            sizeof(ProcessHandle),
            buffer,
            bufferLength,
            &returnLength
            );
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        status = STATUS_NOT_FOUND;

        for (ULONG i = 0; i < returnLength / sizeof(SYSTEM_SUPPORTED_PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURES_INFORMATION); i++)
        {
            if (buffer[i].Process)
            {
                architecture = (USHORT)buffer[i].Machine;
                status = STATUS_SUCCESS;
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    PhFree(buffer);

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *ProcessArchitecture = architecture;
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessImageBaseAddress(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PVOID* ImageBaseAddress
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID pebBaseAddress;
    PVOID baseAddress;
#ifdef _WIN64
    BOOLEAN isWow64;

    PhGetProcessIsWow64(ProcessHandle, &isWow64);

    if (isWow64)
    {
        ULONG imageBaseAddress32;

        status = PhGetProcessPeb32(ProcessHandle, &pebBaseAddress);

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            return status;

        // No PEB for System and minimal/pico processes. (dmex)
        if (!pebBaseAddress)
            return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;

        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(pebBaseAddress, UFIELD_OFFSET(PEB32, ImageBaseAddress)),
            &imageBaseAddress32,
            sizeof(ULONG),
            NULL
            );

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            return status;

        baseAddress = UlongToPtr(imageBaseAddress32);
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        PVOID imageBaseAddress;

        status = PhGetProcessPeb(ProcessHandle, &pebBaseAddress);

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            return status;

        // No PEB for System and minimal/pico processes. (dmex)
        if (!pebBaseAddress)
            return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;

        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(pebBaseAddress, UFIELD_OFFSET(PEB, ImageBaseAddress)),
            &imageBaseAddress,
            sizeof(PVOID),
            NULL
            );

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            return status;

        baseAddress = imageBaseAddress;
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *ImageBaseAddress = baseAddress;
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessCodePage(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PUSHORT ProcessCodePage
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
#ifdef _WIN64
    BOOLEAN isWow64;
#endif
    USHORT codePage = 0;
    PVOID nlsAnsiCodePage;

#ifdef _WIN64
    status = PhGetProcessIsWow64(ProcessHandle, &isWow64);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    status = PhGetProcedureAddressRemote(
        ProcessHandle,
        isWow64 ? L"\\SystemRoot\\SysWow64\\ntdll.dll" : L"\\SystemRoot\\System32\\ntdll.dll",
        "NlsAnsiCodePage",
        0,
        &nlsAnsiCodePage,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;
#else
    status = PhGetProcedureAddressRemote(
        ProcessHandle,
        L"\\SystemRoot\\System32\\ntdll.dll",
        "NlsAnsiCodePage",
        0,
        &nlsAnsiCodePage,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;
#endif

    status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
        ProcessHandle,
        nlsAnsiCodePage,
        &codePage,
        sizeof(USHORT),
        NULL
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *ProcessCodePage = codePage;
    }

CleanupExit:
    return status;

    //    if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_11)
    //    {
    //#ifdef _WIN64
    //        if (isWow64)
    //        {
    //            PVOID peb32;
    //
    //            status = PhGetProcessPeb32(ProcessHandle, &peb32);
    //
    //            if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    //                return status;
    //
    //            status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
    //                ProcessHandle,
    //                PTR_ADD_OFFSET(peb32, UFIELD_OFFSET(PEB, ActiveCodePage)),
    //                &codePage,
    //                sizeof(USHORT),
    //                NULL
    //                );
    //        }
    //        else
    //#endif
    //        {
    //            PVOID peb;
    //
    //            status = PhGetProcessPeb(ProcessHandle, &peb);
    //
    //            if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    //                return status;
    //
    //            status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
    //                ProcessHandle,
    //                PTR_ADD_OFFSET(peb, UFIELD_OFFSET(PEB, ActiveCodePage)),
    //                &codePage,
    //                sizeof(USHORT),
    //                NULL
    //                );
    //        }
    //
    //        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    //        {
    //            *ProcessCodePage = codePage;
    //        }
    //
    //        return status;
    //    }
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessConsoleCodePage(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ BOOLEAN ConsoleOutputCP,
    _Out_ PUSHORT ConsoleCodePage
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
#ifdef _WIN64
    BOOLEAN isWow64;
#endif
    THREAD_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInformation;
    HANDLE threadHandle = NULL;
    PVOID getConsoleCP = NULL;

#ifdef _WIN64
    status = PhGetProcessIsWow64(ProcessHandle, &isWow64);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    status = PhGetProcedureAddressRemote(
        ProcessHandle,
        isWow64 ? L"\\SystemRoot\\SysWow64\\kernel32.dll" : L"\\SystemRoot\\System32\\kernel32.dll",
        ConsoleOutputCP ? "GetConsoleOutputCP" : "GetConsoleCP",
        0,
        &getConsoleCP,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;
#else
    status = PhGetProcedureAddressRemote(
        ProcessHandle,
        L"\\SystemRoot\\System32\\kernel32.dll",
        ConsoleOutputCP ? "GetConsoleOutputCP" : "GetConsoleCP",
        0,
        &getConsoleCP,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;
#endif

    status = RtlCreateUserThread(
        ProcessHandle,
        NULL,
        FALSE,
        0,
        0,
        0,
        getConsoleCP,
        NULL,
        &threadHandle,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    status = NtWaitForSingleObject(threadHandle, FALSE, PhTimeoutFromMillisecondsEx(1000));

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    status = PhGetThreadBasicInformation(threadHandle, &basicInformation);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        goto CleanupExit;

    *ConsoleCodePage = (USHORT)basicInformation.ExitStatus;

CleanupExit:
    if (threadHandle)
    {
        NtClose(threadHandle);
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessSequenceNumber(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PULONGLONG SequenceNumber
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    ULONGLONG sequenceNumber;

    status = NtQueryInformationProcess(
        ProcessHandle,
        ProcessSequenceNumber,
        &sequenceNumber,
        sizeof(ULONGLONG),
        NULL
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *SequenceNumber = sequenceNumber;
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessStartKey(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PULONGLONG ProcessStartKey
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    ULONGLONG processSequenceNumber;

    status = PhGetProcessSequenceNumber(
        ProcessHandle,
        &processSequenceNumber
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *ProcessStartKey = PH_PROCESS_EXTENSION_STARTKEY(processSequenceNumber);
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessSystemDllInitBlock(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PPS_SYSTEM_DLL_INIT_BLOCK* SystemDllInitBlock
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status = STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
    PPS_SYSTEM_DLL_INIT_BLOCK ldrInitBlock;
    PVOID ldrInitBlockAddress;

    status = PhGetProcedureAddressRemote(
        ProcessHandle,
        L"\\SystemRoot\\System32\\ntdll.dll",
        "LdrSystemDllInitBlock",
        0,
        &ldrInitBlockAddress,
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    ldrInitBlock = PhAllocate(sizeof(PS_SYSTEM_DLL_INIT_BLOCK));
    memset(ldrInitBlock, 0, sizeof(PS_SYSTEM_DLL_INIT_BLOCK));

    status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
        ProcessHandle,
        ldrInitBlockAddress,
        ldrInitBlock,
        sizeof(PS_SYSTEM_DLL_INIT_BLOCK),
        NULL
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *SystemDllInitBlock = ldrInitBlock;
    }
    else
    {
        PhFree(ldrInitBlock);
    }

    return status;
}

/**
 * Gets whether the process is running under the POSIX subsystem.
 *
 * \param ProcessHandle A handle to a process. The handle
 * must have PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION and
 * PROCESS_VM_READ access.
 * \param IsPosix A variable which receives a boolean
 * indicating whether the process is running under the
 * POSIX subsystem.
 */
NTSTATUS PhGetProcessIsPosix(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PBOOLEAN IsPosix
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID pebBaseAddress;
    ULONG imageSubsystem;
#ifdef _WIN64
    BOOLEAN isWow64;
#endif

    if (WindowsVersion >= WINDOWS_10)
    {
        *IsPosix = FALSE; // Not supported (dmex)
        return STATUS_SUCCESS;
    }

#ifdef _WIN64
    PhGetProcessIsWow64(ProcessHandle, &isWow64);

    if (isWow64)
    {
        status = PhGetProcessPeb32(ProcessHandle, &pebBaseAddress);

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            return status;

        // No PEB for System and minimal/pico processes. (dmex)
        if (!pebBaseAddress)
            return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;

        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(pebBaseAddress, UFIELD_OFFSET(PEB32, ImageSubsystem)),
            &imageSubsystem,
            sizeof(ULONG),
            NULL
            );
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        status = PhGetProcessPeb(ProcessHandle, &pebBaseAddress);

        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
            return status;

        // No PEB for System and minimal/pico processes. (dmex)
        if (!pebBaseAddress)
            return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;

        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(pebBaseAddress, UFIELD_OFFSET(PEB, ImageSubsystem)),
            &imageSubsystem,
            sizeof(ULONG),
            NULL
            );
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *IsPosix = imageSubsystem == IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_POSIX_CUI;
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetThreadLastStatusValue(
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadHandle,
    _In_opt_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PNTSTATUS LastStatusValue
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    THREAD_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;
    BOOLEAN openedProcessHandle = FALSE;
#ifdef _WIN64
    BOOLEAN isWow64 = FALSE;
#endif

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhGetThreadBasicInformation(ThreadHandle, &basicInfo)))
        return status;

    if (!ProcessHandle)
    {
        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhOpenProcess(
            &ProcessHandle,
            PROCESS_VM_READ | (WindowsVersion > WINDOWS_7 ? PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION : PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION),
            basicInfo.ClientId.UniqueProcess
            )))
            return status;

        openedProcessHandle = TRUE;
    }

#ifdef _WIN64
    PhGetProcessIsWow64(ProcessHandle, &isWow64);

    if (isWow64)
    {
        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(WOW64_GET_TEB32(basicInfo.TebBaseAddress), UFIELD_OFFSET(TEB32, LastStatusValue)),
            LastStatusValue,
            sizeof(NTSTATUS),
            NULL
            );
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(basicInfo.TebBaseAddress, UFIELD_OFFSET(TEB, LastStatusValue)), // LastErrorValue/ExceptionCode
            LastStatusValue,
            sizeof(NTSTATUS),
            NULL
            );
    }

    if (openedProcessHandle)
        NtClose(ProcessHandle);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetThreadApartmentState(
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadHandle,
    _In_opt_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ POLETLSFLAGS ApartmentState
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    THREAD_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;
    BOOLEAN openedProcessHandle = FALSE;
#ifdef _WIN64
    BOOLEAN isWow64 = FALSE;
#endif
    ULONG_PTR oletlsDataAddress = 0;

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhGetThreadBasicInformation(ThreadHandle, &basicInfo)))
        return status;

    if (!ProcessHandle)
    {
        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhOpenProcess(
            &ProcessHandle,
            PROCESS_VM_READ | (WindowsVersion > WINDOWS_7 ? PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION : PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION),
            basicInfo.ClientId.UniqueProcess
            )))
            return status;

        openedProcessHandle = TRUE;
    }

#ifdef _WIN64
    PhGetProcessIsWow64(ProcessHandle, &isWow64);

    if (isWow64)
    {
        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(WOW64_GET_TEB32(basicInfo.TebBaseAddress), UFIELD_OFFSET(TEB32, ReservedForOle)),
            &oletlsDataAddress,
            sizeof(ULONG),
            NULL
            );
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(basicInfo.TebBaseAddress, UFIELD_OFFSET(TEB, ReservedForOle)),
            &oletlsDataAddress,
            sizeof(ULONG_PTR),
            NULL
            );
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status) && oletlsDataAddress)
    {
        PVOID apartmentStateOffset;

        // Note: Teb->ReservedForOle is the SOleTlsData structure
        // and ApartmentState is the dwFlags field. (dmex)

#ifdef _WIN64
        if (isWow64)
            apartmentStateOffset = PTR_ADD_OFFSET(oletlsDataAddress, 0xC);
        else
            apartmentStateOffset = PTR_ADD_OFFSET(oletlsDataAddress, 0x14);
#else
        apartmentStateOffset = PTR_ADD_OFFSET(oletlsDataAddress, 0xC);
#endif

        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            apartmentStateOffset,
            ApartmentState,
            sizeof(ULONG),
            NULL
            );
    }
    else
    {
        status = STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
    }

    if (openedProcessHandle)
        NtClose(ProcessHandle);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetThreadStackLimits(
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadHandle,
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PULONG_PTR LowPart,
    _Out_ PULONG_PTR HighPart
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    THREAD_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;
    NT_TIB ntTib;
    //PVOID deallocationStack;
#ifdef _WIN64
    BOOLEAN isWow64 = FALSE;
#endif

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhGetThreadBasicInformation(ThreadHandle, &basicInfo)))
        return status;

    memset(&ntTib, 0, sizeof(NT_TIB));

#ifdef _WIN64
    PhGetProcessIsWow64(ProcessHandle, &isWow64);

    if (isWow64)
    {
        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(WOW64_GET_TEB32(basicInfo.TebBaseAddress), UFIELD_OFFSET(TEB32, NtTib)),
            &ntTib,
            sizeof(NT_TIB32),
            NULL
            );

        //status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
        //    ProcessHandle,
        //    PTR_ADD_OFFSET(WOW64_GET_TEB32(basicInfo.TebBaseAddress), UFIELD_OFFSET(TEB32, DeallocationStack)),
        //    &deallocationStack,
        //    sizeof(ULONG),
        //    NULL
        //    );
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(basicInfo.TebBaseAddress, UFIELD_OFFSET(TEB, NtTib)),
            &ntTib,
            sizeof(NT_TIB),
            NULL
            );

        //status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
        //    ProcessHandle,
        //    PTR_ADD_OFFSET(basicInfo.TebBaseAddress, UFIELD_OFFSET(TEB, DeallocationStack)),
        //    &deallocationStack,
        //    sizeof(PVOID),
        //    NULL
        //    );
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
#ifdef _WIN64
        if (isWow64)
        {
            PNT_TIB32 ntTib32 = (PNT_TIB32)&ntTib;
            *LowPart = (ULONG_PTR)UlongToPtr(ntTib32->StackLimit);
            *HighPart = (ULONG_PTR)UlongToPtr(ntTib32->StackBase);
        }
        else
        {
            *LowPart = (ULONG_PTR)ntTib.StackLimit;
            *HighPart = (ULONG_PTR)ntTib.StackBase;
        }
#else
        *LowPart = (ULONG_PTR)ntTib.StackLimit;
        *HighPart = (ULONG_PTR)ntTib.StackBase;
#endif
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetThreadStackSize(
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadHandle,
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PULONG_PTR StackUsage,
    _Out_ PULONG_PTR StackLimit
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    THREAD_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;
    NT_TIB ntTib;
#ifdef _WIN64
    BOOLEAN isWow64 = FALSE;
#endif

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhGetThreadBasicInformation(ThreadHandle, &basicInfo)))
        return status;

    memset(&ntTib, 0, sizeof(NT_TIB));

#ifdef _WIN64
    PhGetProcessIsWow64(ProcessHandle, &isWow64);

    if (isWow64)
    {
        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(WOW64_GET_TEB32(basicInfo.TebBaseAddress), UFIELD_OFFSET(TEB32, NtTib)),
            &ntTib,
            sizeof(NT_TIB32),
            NULL
            );
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(basicInfo.TebBaseAddress, UFIELD_OFFSET(TEB, NtTib)),
            &ntTib,
            sizeof(NT_TIB),
            NULL
            );
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;
        PVOID stackBaseAddress = NULL;
        PVOID stackLimitAddress = NULL;

#ifdef _WIN64
        if (isWow64)
        {
            PNT_TIB32 ntTib32 = (PNT_TIB32)&ntTib;
            stackBaseAddress = UlongToPtr(ntTib32->StackBase);
            stackLimitAddress = UlongToPtr(ntTib32->StackLimit);
        }
        else
        {
            stackBaseAddress = ntTib.StackBase;
            stackLimitAddress = ntTib.StackLimit;
        }
#else
        stackBaseAddress = ntTib.StackBase;
        stackLimitAddress = ntTib.StackLimit;
#endif
        memset(&basicInfo, 0, sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION));

        status = NtQueryVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            stackLimitAddress,
            MemoryBasicInformation,
            &basicInfo,
            sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION),
            NULL
            );

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
        {
            // TEB->DeallocationStack == basicInfo.AllocationBase
            *StackUsage = (ULONG_PTR)PTR_SUB_OFFSET(stackBaseAddress, stackLimitAddress);
            *StackLimit = (ULONG_PTR)PTR_SUB_OFFSET(stackBaseAddress, basicInfo.AllocationBase);
        }
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetThreadIsFiber(
    _In_ HANDLE ThreadHandle,
    _In_opt_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PBOOLEAN ThreadIsFiber
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    THREAD_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;
    BOOLEAN openedProcessHandle = FALSE;
#ifdef _WIN64
    BOOLEAN isWow64 = FALSE;
#endif
    LONG flags = 0;

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhGetThreadBasicInformation(ThreadHandle, &basicInfo)))
        return status;

    if (!ProcessHandle)
    {
        if (!NT_SUCCESS(status = PhOpenProcess(
            &ProcessHandle,
            PROCESS_VM_READ | (WindowsVersion > WINDOWS_7 ? PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION : PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION),
            basicInfo.ClientId.UniqueProcess
            )))
            return status;

        openedProcessHandle = TRUE;
    }

#ifdef _WIN64
    PhGetProcessIsWow64(ProcessHandle, &isWow64);

    if (isWow64)
    {
        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(WOW64_GET_TEB32(basicInfo.TebBaseAddress), UFIELD_OFFSET(TEB32, SameTebFlags)),
            &flags,
            sizeof(USHORT),
            NULL
            );
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        status = NtReadVirtualMemory(
            ProcessHandle,
            PTR_ADD_OFFSET(basicInfo.TebBaseAddress, UFIELD_OFFSET(TEB, SameTebFlags)),
            &flags,
            sizeof(USHORT),
            NULL
            );
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *ThreadIsFiber = _bittest(&flags, 2); // HasFiberData offset (dmex)
    }

    if (openedProcessHandle)
        NtClose(ProcessHandle);

    return status;
}

BOOLEAN PhIsFirmwareSupported(
    VOID
    )
{
    UNICODE_STRING variableName = RTL_CONSTANT_STRING(L" ");
    ULONG variableValueLength = 0;
    GUID vendorGuid = { 0 };

    if (NtQuerySystemEnvironmentValueEx(
        &variableName,
        &vendorGuid,
        NULL,
        &variableValueLength,
        NULL
        ) == STATUS_VARIABLE_NOT_FOUND)
    {
        return TRUE;
    }

    return FALSE;
}

// rev from GetFirmwareEnvironmentVariableW (dmex)
NTSTATUS PhGetFirmwareEnvironmentVariable(
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF VariableName,
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF VendorGuid,
    _Out_ PVOID* VariableValueBuffer,
    _Out_opt_ PULONG VariableValueLength
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    GUID vendorGuid;
    UNICODE_STRING variableName;
    PVOID variableValueBuffer = NULL;
    ULONG variableValueLength = 0;

    PhStringRefToUnicodeString(VariableName, &variableName);

    status = PhStringToGuid(
        VendorGuid,
        &vendorGuid
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    status = NtQuerySystemEnvironmentValueEx(
        &variableName,
        &vendorGuid,
        variableValueBuffer,
        &variableValueLength,
        NULL
        );

    if (status != STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL)
        return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;

    variableValueBuffer = PhAllocate(variableValueLength);
    memset(variableValueBuffer, 0, variableValueLength);

    status = NtQuerySystemEnvironmentValueEx(
        &variableName,
        &vendorGuid,
        variableValueBuffer,
        &variableValueLength,
        NULL
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        if (VariableValueLength)
            *VariableValueLength = variableValueLength;
        *VariableValueBuffer = variableValueBuffer;
    }
    else
    {
        PhFree(variableValueBuffer);
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhEnumFirmwareEnvironmentValues(
    _In_ SYSTEM_ENVIRONMENT_INFORMATION_CLASS InformationClass,
    _Out_ PVOID* Variables
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferLength;

    bufferLength = PAGE_SIZE;
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferLength);

    while (TRUE)
    {
        status = NtEnumerateSystemEnvironmentValuesEx(
            InformationClass,
            buffer,
            &bufferLength
            );

        if (status == STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL || status == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH)
        {
            PhFree(buffer);
            buffer = PhAllocate(bufferLength);
        }
        else
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *Variables = buffer;
    }
    else
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhSetSystemEnvironmentBootToFirmware(
    VOID
    )
{
    static GUID EFI_GLOBAL_VARIABLE_GUID = { 0x8be4df61, 0x93ca, 0x11d2, { 0xaa, 0x0d, 0x00, 0xe0, 0x98, 0x03, 0x2b, 0x8c } };
    static UNICODE_STRING OsIndicationsSupportedName = RTL_CONSTANT_STRING(L"OsIndicationsSupported");
    static UNICODE_STRING OsIndicationsName = RTL_CONSTANT_STRING(L"OsIndications");
    const ULONG64 EFI_OS_INDICATIONS_BOOT_TO_FW_UI = 0x0000000000000001ULL;
    ULONG osIndicationsLength = sizeof(ULONG64);
    ULONG osIndicationsAttributes = 0;
    ULONG64 osIndicationsSupported = 0;
    ULONG64 osIndicationsValue = 0;
    NTSTATUS status;

    status = NtQuerySystemEnvironmentValueEx(
        &OsIndicationsSupportedName,
        &EFI_GLOBAL_VARIABLE_GUID,
        &osIndicationsSupported,
        &osIndicationsLength,
        NULL
        );

    if (status == STATUS_VARIABLE_NOT_FOUND || !(osIndicationsSupported & EFI_OS_INDICATIONS_BOOT_TO_FW_UI))
    {
        status = STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        status = NtQuerySystemEnvironmentValueEx(
            &OsIndicationsName,
            &EFI_GLOBAL_VARIABLE_GUID,
            &osIndicationsValue,
            &osIndicationsLength,
            &osIndicationsAttributes
            );

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status) || status == STATUS_VARIABLE_NOT_FOUND)
        {
            osIndicationsValue |= EFI_OS_INDICATIONS_BOOT_TO_FW_UI;

            if (status == STATUS_VARIABLE_NOT_FOUND)
            {
                osIndicationsAttributes = EFI_VARIABLE_NON_VOLATILE;
            }

            status = NtSetSystemEnvironmentValueEx(
                &OsIndicationsName,
                &EFI_GLOBAL_VARIABLE_GUID,
                &osIndicationsValue,
                osIndicationsLength,
                osIndicationsAttributes
                );
        }
    }

    return status;
}

// rev from RtlpCreateExecutionRequiredRequest
NTSTATUS PhCreateExecutionRequiredRequest(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _Out_ PHANDLE PowerRequestHandle
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    HANDLE powerRequestHandle = NULL;
    PROCESS_EXTENDED_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;
    COUNTED_REASON_CONTEXT powerRequestReason;
    POWER_REQUEST_ACTION powerRequestAction;

    status = PhGetProcessExtendedBasicInformation(ProcessHandle, &basicInfo);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    if (!basicInfo.IsFrozen)
    {
        // CreateToolhelp32Snapshot uses RtlpCreateExecutionRequiredRequest but it doesn't create an execution request
        // when IsFrozen==false (such as when the immersive window is visible), CreateToolhelp32Snapshot proceeds to
        // inject the debug thread but if the window closes, there's a race here where the debug thread gets frozen because
        // RtlpCreateExecutionRequiredRequest never created the execution request. We can resolve the race condition
        // by removing the above code checking IsFrozen but for now just copy what RtlpCreateExecutionRequiredRequest
        // does (and copy the race condition) by returning here instead of always creating the execution request. (dmex)
        // TODO: We should remove the check for IsFrozen if the race condition becomes an issue at some point in the future.
        *PowerRequestHandle = NULL;
        return STATUS_SUCCESS;
    }

    memset(&powerRequestReason, 0, sizeof(COUNTED_REASON_CONTEXT));
    powerRequestReason.Version = POWER_REQUEST_CONTEXT_VERSION;
    powerRequestReason.Flags = POWER_REQUEST_CONTEXT_SIMPLE_STRING;
    RtlInitUnicodeString(&powerRequestReason.SimpleString, L"DebugExecutionRequired request");

    status = NtPowerInformation(
        PlmPowerRequestCreate,
        &powerRequestReason,
        sizeof(COUNTED_REASON_CONTEXT),
        &powerRequestHandle,
        sizeof(HANDLE)
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    memset(&powerRequestAction, 0, sizeof(POWER_REQUEST_ACTION));
    powerRequestAction.PowerRequestHandle = powerRequestHandle;
    powerRequestAction.RequestType = PowerRequestExecutionRequiredInternal;
    powerRequestAction.SetAction = TRUE;
    powerRequestAction.ProcessHandle = ProcessHandle;

    status = NtPowerInformation(
        PowerRequestAction,
        &powerRequestAction,
        sizeof(POWER_REQUEST_ACTION),
        NULL,
        0
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *PowerRequestHandle = powerRequestHandle;
    }
    else
    {
        NtClose(powerRequestHandle);
    }

    return status;
}

// rev from RtlpDestroyExecutionRequiredRequest
NTSTATUS PhDestroyExecutionRequiredRequest(
    _In_ HANDLE PowerRequestHandle
    )
{
    POWER_REQUEST_ACTION requestPowerAction;

    memset(&requestPowerAction, 0, sizeof(POWER_REQUEST_ACTION));
    requestPowerAction.PowerRequestHandle = PowerRequestHandle;
    requestPowerAction.RequestType = PowerRequestExecutionRequiredInternal;
    requestPowerAction.SetAction = FALSE;
    requestPowerAction.ProcessHandle = NULL;

    NtPowerInformation(
        PowerRequestAction,
        &requestPowerAction,
        sizeof(POWER_REQUEST_ACTION),
        NULL,
        0
        );

    return NtClose(PowerRequestHandle);
}

// Process freeze/thaw support

static PH_INITONCE PhProcessStateInitOnce = PH_INITONCE_INIT;
static PPH_HASHTABLE PhProcessStateHashtable = NULL;

typedef struct _PH_STATEHANDLE_CACHE_ENTRY
{
    HANDLE ProcessId;
    HANDLE StateHandle;
} PH_STATEHANDLE_CACHE_ENTRY, *PPH_STATEHANDLE_CACHE_ENTRY;

static BOOLEAN NTAPI PhProcessStateHandleHashtableEqualFunction(
    _In_ PVOID Entry1,
    _In_ PVOID Entry2
    )
{
    return
        ((PPH_STATEHANDLE_CACHE_ENTRY)Entry1)->ProcessId ==
        ((PPH_STATEHANDLE_CACHE_ENTRY)Entry2)->ProcessId;
}

static ULONG NTAPI PhProcessStateHandleHashtableHashFunction(
    _In_ PVOID Entry
    )
{
    return HandleToUlong(((PPH_STATEHANDLE_CACHE_ENTRY)Entry)->ProcessId) / 4;
}

BOOLEAN PhInitializeProcessStateHandleTable(
    VOID
    )
{
    if (PhBeginInitOnce(&PhProcessStateInitOnce))
    {
        PhProcessStateHashtable = PhCreateHashtable(
            sizeof(PH_STATEHANDLE_CACHE_ENTRY),
            PhProcessStateHandleHashtableEqualFunction,
            PhProcessStateHandleHashtableHashFunction,
            1
            );

        PhEndInitOnce(&PhProcessStateInitOnce);
    }

    return TRUE;
}

BOOLEAN PhIsProcessStateFrozen(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessId
    )
{
    if (PhInitializeProcessStateHandleTable())
    {
        PH_STATEHANDLE_CACHE_ENTRY entry;

        entry.ProcessId = ProcessId;

        if (PhFindEntryHashtable(PhProcessStateHashtable, &entry))
        {
            return TRUE;
        }
    }

    return FALSE;
}

NTSTATUS PhFreezeProcess(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessId
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
    HANDLE processHandle;
    HANDLE stateHandle = NULL;

    if (!(NtCreateProcessStateChange_Import() && NtChangeProcessState_Import()))
        return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;

    if (PhInitializeProcessStateHandleTable())
    {
        PH_STATEHANDLE_CACHE_ENTRY entry;

        entry.ProcessId = ProcessId;

        if (PhFindEntryHashtable(PhProcessStateHashtable, &entry))
        {
            return STATUS_SUCCESS;
        }
    }

    status = PhOpenProcess(
        &processHandle,
        PROCESS_SET_INFORMATION | PROCESS_SUSPEND_RESUME,
        ProcessId
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        NULL,
        OBJ_EXCLUSIVE,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    status = NtCreateProcessStateChange_Import()(
        &stateHandle,
        STATECHANGE_SET_ATTRIBUTES,
        &objectAttributes,
        processHandle,
        0
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        NtClose(processHandle);
        return status;
    }

    status = NtChangeProcessState_Import()(
        stateHandle,
        processHandle,
        ProcessStateChangeSuspend,
        NULL,
        0,
        0
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        PH_STATEHANDLE_CACHE_ENTRY entry;

        entry.ProcessId = ProcessId;
        entry.StateHandle = stateHandle;

        PhAddEntryHashtable(PhProcessStateHashtable, &entry);
    }
    else if (stateHandle)
    {
        NtClose(stateHandle);
    }

    NtClose(processHandle);

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhThawProcess(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessId
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    HANDLE stateHandle = NULL;
    HANDLE processHandle;

    if (!NtChangeProcessState_Import())
        return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;

    if (PhInitializeProcessStateHandleTable())
    {
        PH_STATEHANDLE_CACHE_ENTRY lookupEntry;
        PPH_STATEHANDLE_CACHE_ENTRY entry;

        lookupEntry.ProcessId = ProcessId;

        if (entry = PhFindEntryHashtable(PhProcessStateHashtable, &lookupEntry))
        {
            stateHandle = entry->StateHandle;
        }
    }

    if (!stateHandle)
    {
        return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
    }

    status = PhOpenProcess(
        &processHandle,
        PROCESS_SET_INFORMATION | PROCESS_SUSPEND_RESUME,
        ProcessId
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    status = NtChangeProcessState_Import()(
        stateHandle,
        processHandle,
        ProcessStateChangeResume,
        NULL,
        0,
        0
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        PH_STATEHANDLE_CACHE_ENTRY entry;

        entry.ProcessId = ProcessId;

        if (PhRemoveEntryHashtable(PhProcessStateHashtable, &entry))
        {
            NtClose(stateHandle);
        }
    }

    NtClose(processHandle);

    return status;
}

// KnownDLLs cache support

static PH_INITONCE PhKnownDllsInitOnce = PH_INITONCE_INIT;
static PPH_HASHTABLE PhKnownDllsHashtable = NULL;

typedef struct _PH_KNOWNDLL_CACHE_ENTRY
{
    PPH_STRING FileName;
} PH_KNOWNDLL_CACHE_ENTRY, *PPH_KNOWNDLL_CACHE_ENTRY;

static BOOLEAN NTAPI PhKnownDllsHashtableEqualFunction(
    _In_ PVOID Entry1,
    _In_ PVOID Entry2
    )
{
    return PhEqualStringRef(&((PPH_KNOWNDLL_CACHE_ENTRY)Entry1)->FileName->sr, &((PPH_KNOWNDLL_CACHE_ENTRY)Entry2)->FileName->sr, TRUE);
}

static ULONG NTAPI PhKnownDllsHashtableHashFunction(
    _In_ PVOID Entry
    )
{
    return PhHashStringRefEx(&((PPH_KNOWNDLL_CACHE_ENTRY)Entry)->FileName->sr, TRUE, PH_STRING_HASH_X65599);
}

static BOOLEAN NTAPI PhpKnownDllObjectsCallback(
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF Name,
    _In_ PPH_STRINGREF TypeName,
    _In_ PVOID Context
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    HANDLE sectionHandle;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
    UNICODE_STRING objectName;
    PVOID baseAddress = NULL;
    SIZE_T viewSize = PAGE_SIZE;
    PPH_STRING fileName;

    if (!PhStringRefToUnicodeString(Name, &objectName))
        return TRUE;

    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &objectName,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        Context,
        NULL
        );

    status = NtOpenSection(
        &sectionHandle,
        SECTION_MAP_READ,
        &objectAttributes
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return TRUE;

    status = NtMapViewOfSection(
        sectionHandle,
        NtCurrentProcess(),
        &baseAddress,
        0,
        0,
        NULL,
        &viewSize,
        ViewUnmap,
        WindowsVersion < WINDOWS_10_RS2 ? 0 : MEM_MAPPED,
        PAGE_READONLY
        );

    NtClose(sectionHandle);

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return TRUE;

    status = PhGetProcessMappedFileName(
        NtCurrentProcess(),
        baseAddress,
        &fileName
        );

    NtUnmapViewOfSection(NtCurrentProcess(), baseAddress);

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        PH_KNOWNDLL_CACHE_ENTRY entry;

        entry.FileName = fileName;

        PhAddEntryHashtable(PhKnownDllsHashtable, &entry);
    }

    return TRUE;
}

VOID PhInitializeKnownDlls(
    _In_ PCWSTR ObjectName
    )
{
    UNICODE_STRING directoryName;
    OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES objectAttributes;
    HANDLE directoryHandle;

    RtlInitUnicodeString(&directoryName, ObjectName);
    InitializeObjectAttributes(
        &objectAttributes,
        &directoryName,
        OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE,
        NULL,
        NULL
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(NtOpenDirectoryObject(
        &directoryHandle,
        DIRECTORY_QUERY,
        &objectAttributes
        )))
    {
        PhEnumDirectoryObjects(
            directoryHandle,
            PhpKnownDllObjectsCallback,
            directoryHandle
            );
        NtClose(directoryHandle);
    }
}

BOOLEAN PhInitializeKnownDllsTable(
    VOID
    )
{
    if (PhBeginInitOnce(&PhKnownDllsInitOnce))
    {
        PhKnownDllsHashtable = PhCreateHashtable(
            sizeof(PH_KNOWNDLL_CACHE_ENTRY),
            PhKnownDllsHashtableEqualFunction,
            PhKnownDllsHashtableHashFunction,
            100
            );

        PhInitializeKnownDlls(L"\\KnownDlls");
        PhInitializeKnownDlls(L"\\KnownDlls32");

        PhEndInitOnce(&PhKnownDllsInitOnce);
    }

    return TRUE;
}

BOOLEAN PhIsKnownDllFileName(
    _In_ PPH_STRING FileName
    )
{
    if (PhInitializeKnownDllsTable())
    {
        PH_KNOWNDLL_CACHE_ENTRY entry;

        entry.FileName = FileName;

        if (PhFindEntryHashtable(PhKnownDllsHashtable, &entry))
        {
            return TRUE;
        }
    }

    return FALSE;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetSystemLogicalProcessorInformation(
    _In_ LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_RELATIONSHIP RelationshipType,
    _Out_ PSYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION_EX *Buffer,
    _Out_ PULONG BufferLength
    )
{
    static ULONG initialBufferSize[] = { 0x200, 0x80, 0x100, 0x1000 };
    NTSTATUS status;
    ULONG classIndex;
    PVOID buffer;
    ULONG bufferSize;
    ULONG attempts;

    switch (RelationshipType)
    {
    case RelationProcessorCore:
        classIndex = 0;
        break;
    case RelationProcessorPackage:
        classIndex = 1;
        break;
    case RelationGroup:
        classIndex = 2;
        break;
    case RelationAll:
        classIndex = 3;
        break;
    default:
        return STATUS_INVALID_INFO_CLASS;
    }

    bufferSize = initialBufferSize[classIndex];
    buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

    status = NtQuerySystemInformationEx(
        SystemLogicalProcessorAndGroupInformation,
        &RelationshipType,
        sizeof(LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_RELATIONSHIP),
        buffer,
        bufferSize,
        &bufferSize
        );
    attempts = 0;

    while (status == STATUS_INFO_LENGTH_MISMATCH && attempts < 8)
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        buffer = PhAllocate(bufferSize);

        status = NtQuerySystemInformationEx(
            SystemLogicalProcessorAndGroupInformation,
            &RelationshipType,
            sizeof(LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_RELATIONSHIP),
            buffer,
            bufferSize,
            &bufferSize
            );
        attempts++;
    }

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        PhFree(buffer);
        return status;
    }

    if (bufferSize <= 0x100000) initialBufferSize[classIndex] = bufferSize;
    *Buffer = buffer;
    *BufferLength = bufferSize;

    return status;
}

// based on GetActiveProcessorCount (dmex)
USHORT PhGetActiveProcessorCount(
    _In_ USHORT ProcessorGroup
    )
{
    if (PhSystemProcessorInformation.ActiveProcessorCount)
    {
        USHORT numberOfProcessors = 0;

        if (ProcessorGroup == ALL_PROCESSOR_GROUPS)
        {
            for (USHORT i = 0; i < PhSystemProcessorInformation.NumberOfProcessorGroups; i++)
            {
                numberOfProcessors += PhSystemProcessorInformation.ActiveProcessorCount[i];
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (ProcessorGroup < PhSystemProcessorInformation.NumberOfProcessorGroups)
            {
                numberOfProcessors = PhSystemProcessorInformation.ActiveProcessorCount[ProcessorGroup];
            }
        }

        return numberOfProcessors;
    }
    else
    {
        return PhSystemProcessorInformation.NumberOfProcessors;
    }
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessorNumberFromIndex(
    _In_ ULONG ProcessorIndex,
    _Out_ PPH_PROCESSOR_NUMBER ProcessorNumber
    )
{
    USHORT processorIndex = 0;

    for (USHORT processorGroup = 0; processorGroup < PhSystemProcessorInformation.NumberOfProcessorGroups; processorGroup++)
    {
        USHORT processorCount = PhGetActiveProcessorCount(processorGroup);

        for (USHORT processorNumber = 0; processorNumber < processorCount; processorNumber++)
        {
            if (processorIndex++ == ProcessorIndex)
            {
                memset(ProcessorNumber, 0, sizeof(PH_PROCESSOR_NUMBER));
                (*ProcessorNumber).Group = processorGroup;
                (*ProcessorNumber).Number = processorNumber;
                return STATUS_SUCCESS;
            }
        }
    }

    return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessorGroupActiveAffinityMask(
    _In_ USHORT ProcessorGroup,
    _Out_ PKAFFINITY ActiveProcessorMask
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    PSYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION_EX processorInformation;
    ULONG processorInformationLength;

    status = PhGetSystemLogicalProcessorInformation(
        RelationGroup,
        &processorInformation,
        &processorInformationLength
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        if (ProcessorGroup < processorInformation->Group.ActiveGroupCount)
        {
            *ActiveProcessorMask = processorInformation->Group.GroupInfo[ProcessorGroup].ActiveProcessorMask;
        }
        else
        {
            status = STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
        }

        PhFree(processorInformation);
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetProcessorSystemAffinityMask(
    _Out_ PKAFFINITY ActiveProcessorsAffinityMask
    )
{
    if (PhSystemProcessorInformation.SingleProcessorGroup)
    {
        *ActiveProcessorsAffinityMask = PhSystemBasicInformation.ActiveProcessorsAffinityMask;
        return STATUS_SUCCESS;
    }
    else
    {
        PROCESSOR_NUMBER processorNumber;

        memset(&processorNumber, 0, sizeof(PROCESSOR_NUMBER));
        //RtlGetCurrentProcessorNumberEx(&processorNumber);

        return PhGetProcessorGroupActiveAffinityMask(processorNumber.Group, ActiveProcessorsAffinityMask);
    }
}

// rev from GetNumaHighestNodeNumber (dmex)
NTSTATUS PhGetNumaHighestNodeNumber(
    _Out_ PUSHORT NodeNumber
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    SYSTEM_NUMA_INFORMATION numaProcessorMap;

    status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
        SystemNumaProcessorMap,
        &numaProcessorMap,
        sizeof(SYSTEM_NUMA_INFORMATION),
        NULL
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *NodeNumber = (USHORT)numaProcessorMap.HighestNodeNumber;
    }

    return status;
}

// rev from GetNumaProcessorNodeEx (dmex)
BOOLEAN PhGetNumaProcessorNode(
    _In_ PPH_PROCESSOR_NUMBER ProcessorNumber,
    _Out_ PUSHORT NodeNumber
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    SYSTEM_NUMA_INFORMATION numaProcessorMap;
    USHORT processorNode = 0;

    if (ProcessorNumber->Group >= 20 || ProcessorNumber->Number >= MAXIMUM_PROC_PER_GROUP)
    {
        *NodeNumber = USHRT_MAX;
        return FALSE;
    }

    status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
        SystemNumaProcessorMap,
        &numaProcessorMap,
        sizeof(SYSTEM_NUMA_INFORMATION),
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *NodeNumber = USHRT_MAX;
        return FALSE;
    }

    while (
        numaProcessorMap.ActiveProcessorsGroupAffinity[processorNode].Group != ProcessorNumber->Group ||
        (numaProcessorMap.ActiveProcessorsGroupAffinity[processorNode].Mask & AFFINITY_MASK(ProcessorNumber->Number)) == 0
        )
    {
        if (++processorNode > numaProcessorMap.HighestNodeNumber)
        {
            *NodeNumber = USHRT_MAX;
            return FALSE;
        }
    }

    *NodeNumber = processorNode;
    return TRUE;
}

// rev from GetNumaProximityNodeEx (dmex)
NTSTATUS PhGetNumaProximityNode(
    _In_ ULONG ProximityId,
    _Out_ PUSHORT NodeNumber
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    SYSTEM_NUMA_PROXIMITY_MAP numaProximityMap;

    memset(&numaProximityMap, 0, sizeof(SYSTEM_NUMA_PROXIMITY_MAP));
    numaProximityMap.NodeProximityId = ProximityId;

    status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
        SystemNumaProximityNodeInformation,
        &numaProximityMap,
        sizeof(SYSTEM_NUMA_PROXIMITY_MAP),
        NULL
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        *NodeNumber = numaProximityMap.NodeNumber;
    }

    return status;
}

// rev from SetProcessValidCallTargets (dmex)
NTSTATUS PhSetProcessValidCallTarget(
    _In_ HANDLE ProcessHandle,
    _In_ PVOID VirtualAddress
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION basicInfo;
    MEMORY_RANGE_ENTRY cfgCallTargetRangeInfo;
    CFG_CALL_TARGET_INFO cfgCallTargetInfo;
    CFG_CALL_TARGET_LIST_INFORMATION cfgCallTargetListInfo;
    ULONG numberOfEntriesProcessed = 0;

    if (!NtSetInformationVirtualMemory_Import())
        return STATUS_PROCEDURE_NOT_FOUND;

    status = NtQueryVirtualMemory(
        ProcessHandle,
        VirtualAddress,
        MemoryBasicInformation, 
        &basicInfo, 
        sizeof(MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION), 
        NULL
        );

    if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
        return status;

    memset(&cfgCallTargetInfo, 0, sizeof(CFG_CALL_TARGET_INFO));
    cfgCallTargetInfo.Offset = (ULONG_PTR)VirtualAddress - (ULONG_PTR)basicInfo.AllocationBase;
    cfgCallTargetInfo.Flags = CFG_CALL_TARGET_VALID;

    memset(&cfgCallTargetRangeInfo, 0, sizeof(MEMORY_RANGE_ENTRY));
    cfgCallTargetRangeInfo.VirtualAddress = basicInfo.AllocationBase;
    cfgCallTargetRangeInfo.NumberOfBytes = basicInfo.RegionSize;

    memset(&cfgCallTargetListInfo, 0, sizeof(CFG_CALL_TARGET_LIST_INFORMATION));
    cfgCallTargetListInfo.NumberOfEntries = 1;
    cfgCallTargetListInfo.Reserved = 0;
    cfgCallTargetListInfo.NumberOfEntriesProcessed = &numberOfEntriesProcessed;
    cfgCallTargetListInfo.CallTargetInfo = &cfgCallTargetInfo;

    status = NtSetInformationVirtualMemory_Import()(
        ProcessHandle,
        VmCfgCallTargetInformation,
        1,
        &cfgCallTargetRangeInfo,
        &cfgCallTargetListInfo,
        sizeof(CFG_CALL_TARGET_LIST_INFORMATION)
        );

    if (status == STATUS_INVALID_PAGE_PROTECTION)
        status = STATUS_SUCCESS;

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetSystemCompressionStoreInformation(
    _Out_ PPH_SYSTEM_STORE_COMPRESSION_INFORMATION SystemCompressionStoreInformation
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    SYSTEM_STORE_INFORMATION storeInfo;
    SM_MEM_COMPRESSION_INFO_REQUEST compressionInfo;

    memset(&compressionInfo, 0, sizeof(SM_MEM_COMPRESSION_INFO_REQUEST));
    compressionInfo.Version = SYSTEM_STORE_COMPRESSION_INFORMATION_VERSION;

    memset(&storeInfo, 0, sizeof(SYSTEM_STORE_INFORMATION));
    storeInfo.Version = SYSTEM_STORE_INFORMATION_VERSION;
    storeInfo.StoreInformationClass = MemCompressionInfoRequest;
    storeInfo.Data = &compressionInfo;
    storeInfo.Length = sizeof(compressionInfo);

    status = NtQuerySystemInformation(
        SystemStoreInformation,
        &storeInfo,
        sizeof(SYSTEM_STORE_INFORMATION),
        NULL
        );

    if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
    {
        memset(SystemCompressionStoreInformation, 0, sizeof(PH_SYSTEM_STORE_COMPRESSION_INFORMATION));
        SystemCompressionStoreInformation->CompressionPid = compressionInfo.CompressionPid;
        SystemCompressionStoreInformation->WorkingSetSize = compressionInfo.WorkingSetSize;
        SystemCompressionStoreInformation->TotalDataCompressed = compressionInfo.TotalDataCompressed;
        SystemCompressionStoreInformation->TotalCompressedSize = compressionInfo.TotalCompressedSize;
        SystemCompressionStoreInformation->TotalUniqueDataCompressed = compressionInfo.TotalUniqueDataCompressed;
    }

    return status;
}

NTSTATUS PhGetSystemFileCacheSize(
    _Out_ PSYSTEM_FILECACHE_INFORMATION CacheInfo
    )
{
    return NtQuerySystemInformation(
        SystemFileCacheInformationEx,
        CacheInfo,
        sizeof(SYSTEM_FILECACHE_INFORMATION),
        0
        );
}

// rev from SetSystemFileCacheSize (MSDN) (dmex)
NTSTATUS PhSetSystemFileCacheSize(
    _In_ SIZE_T MinimumFileCacheSize,
    _In_ SIZE_T MaximumFileCacheSize,
    _In_ ULONG Flags
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    SYSTEM_FILECACHE_INFORMATION cacheInfo;

    memset(&cacheInfo, 0, sizeof(SYSTEM_FILECACHE_INFORMATION));
    cacheInfo.MinimumWorkingSet = MinimumFileCacheSize;
    cacheInfo.MaximumWorkingSet = MaximumFileCacheSize;
    cacheInfo.Flags = Flags;

    status = NtSetSystemInformation(
        SystemFileCacheInformationEx,
        &cacheInfo,
        sizeof(SYSTEM_FILECACHE_INFORMATION)
        );

    return status;
}

// rev from DeviceIoControl (dmex)
NTSTATUS PhDeviceIoControlFile(
    _In_ HANDLE DeviceHandle,
    _In_ ULONG IoControlCode,
    _In_reads_bytes_opt_(InputBufferLength) PVOID InputBuffer,
    _In_ ULONG InputBufferLength,
    _Out_writes_bytes_to_opt_(OutputBufferLength, *ReturnLength) PVOID OutputBuffer,
    _In_ ULONG OutputBufferLength,
    _Out_opt_ PULONG ReturnLength
    )
{
    NTSTATUS status;
    IO_STATUS_BLOCK ioStatusBlock;

    if (DEVICE_TYPE_FROM_CTL_CODE(IoControlCode) == FILE_DEVICE_FILE_SYSTEM)
    {
        status = NtFsControlFile(
            DeviceHandle,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            &ioStatusBlock,
            IoControlCode,
            InputBuffer,
            InputBufferLength,
            OutputBuffer,
            OutputBufferLength
            );
    }
    else
    {
        status = NtDeviceIoControlFile(
            DeviceHandle,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            &ioStatusBlock,
            IoControlCode,
            InputBuffer,
            InputBufferLength,
            OutputBuffer,
            OutputBufferLength
            );
    }

    if (status == STATUS_PENDING)
    {
        status = NtWaitForSingleObject(DeviceHandle, FALSE, NULL);

        if (NT_SUCCESS(status))
        {
            status = ioStatusBlock.Status;
        }
    }

    if (ReturnLength)
    {
        *ReturnLength = (ULONG)ioStatusBlock.Information;
    }

    return status;
}