Bugfixes in FX data allocation (#4783)

DedeHai · web-flow · commit e2f5becdd02a · 2025-07-23T06:42:06.000+02:00
- Bugfixes in FX data allocation: realloc was not handled properly. - Added *intermediate* fix for waitForIt(), see #4779 - Bugfix in 1D->2D expansions: corner-expansion MUST be boundary checked as it blindly writes the max dimension - removed some realloc(), improving fragmentation on large setups - increased min heap constant - ESP32 C3 has no PSRAM, it now uses default alloc functions - also added missing UI info for "Error 7"
diff --git a/wled00/FX_fcn.cpp b/wled00/FX_fcn.cpp
@@ -159,8 +159,16 @@ bool Segment::allocateData(size_t len) {
     return false;
   }
   // prefer DRAM over SPI RAM on ESP32 since it is slow
-  if (data) data = (byte*)d_realloc(data, len);
-  else      data = (byte*)d_malloc(len);
+  if (data) {
+    data = (byte*)d_realloc_malloc(data, len); // realloc with malloc fallback
+    if (!data) {
+      data = nullptr;
+      Segment::addUsedSegmentData(-_dataLen); // subtract original buffer size
+      _dataLen = 0;   // reset data length
+    }
+  }
+  else data = (byte*)d_malloc(len);
+
   if (data) {
     memset(data, 0, len);  // erase buffer
     Segment::addUsedSegmentData(len - _dataLen);
@@ -170,7 +178,6 @@ bool Segment::allocateData(size_t len) {
   }
   // allocation failed
   DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("!!! Allocation failed. !!!"));
-  Segment::addUsedSegmentData(-_dataLen); // subtract original buffer size
   errorFlag = ERR_NORAM;
   return false;
 }
@@ -449,8 +456,8 @@ void Segment::setGeometry(uint16_t i1, uint16_t i2, uint8_t grp, uint8_t spc, ui
   }
   // re-allocate FX render buffer
   if (length() != oldLength) {
-    if (pixels) pixels = static_cast<uint32_t*>(d_realloc(pixels, sizeof(uint32_t) * length()));
-    else        pixels = static_cast<uint32_t*>(d_malloc(sizeof(uint32_t) * length()));
+    if (pixels) d_free(pixels); // using realloc on large buffers can cause additional fragmentation instead of reducing it
+    pixels = static_cast<uint32_t*>(d_malloc(sizeof(uint32_t) * length()));
     if (!pixels) {
       DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("!!! Not enough RAM for pixel buffer !!!"));
       errorFlag = ERR_NORAM_PX;
@@ -563,8 +570,8 @@ Segment &Segment::setName(const char *newName) {
   if (newName) {
     const int newLen = min(strlen(newName), (size_t)WLED_MAX_SEGNAME_LEN);
     if (newLen) {
-      if (name) name = static_cast<char*>(d_realloc(name, newLen+1));
-      else      name = static_cast<char*>(d_malloc(newLen+1));
+      if (name) d_free(name); // free old name
+      name = static_cast<char*>(d_malloc(newLen+1));
       if (name) strlcpy(name, newName, newLen+1);
       name[newLen] = 0;
       return *this;
@@ -737,8 +744,8 @@ void IRAM_ATTR_YN Segment::setPixelColor(int i, uint32_t col) const
         }
         break;
       case M12_pCorner:
-        for (int x = 0; x <= i; x++) setPixelColorRaw(XY(x, i), col);
-        for (int y = 0; y <  i; y++) setPixelColorRaw(XY(i, y), col);
+        for (int x = 0; x <= i; x++) setPixelColorXY(x, i, col); // note: <= to include i=0. Relies on overflow check in sPC()
+        for (int y = 0; y <  i; y++) setPixelColorXY(i, y, col);
         break;
       case M12_sPinwheel: {
         // Uses Bresenham's algorithm to place coordinates of two lines in arrays then draws between them
@@ -1203,8 +1210,8 @@ void WS2812FX::finalizeInit() {
   deserializeMap();     // (re)load default ledmap (will also setUpMatrix() if ledmap does not exist)
 
   // allocate frame buffer after matrix has been set up (gaps!)
-  if (_pixels) _pixels = static_cast<uint32_t*>(d_realloc(_pixels, getLengthTotal() * sizeof(uint32_t)));
-  else         _pixels = static_cast<uint32_t*>(d_malloc(getLengthTotal() * sizeof(uint32_t)));
+  if (_pixels) d_free(_pixels); // using realloc on large buffers can cause additional fragmentation instead of reducing it
+  _pixels = static_cast<uint32_t*>(d_malloc(getLengthTotal() * sizeof(uint32_t)));
   DEBUG_PRINTF_P(PSTR("strip buffer size: %uB\n"), getLengthTotal() * sizeof(uint32_t));
 
   DEBUG_PRINTF_P(PSTR("Heap after strip init: %uB\n"), ESP.getFreeHeap());
@@ -1691,7 +1698,7 @@ void WS2812FX::setTransitionMode(bool t) {
 
 // wait until frame is over (service() has finished or time for 1 frame has passed; yield() crashes on 8266)
 void WS2812FX::waitForIt() {
-  unsigned long maxWait = millis() + getFrameTime();
+  unsigned long maxWait = millis() + getFrameTime() + 100; // TODO: this needs a proper fix for timeout!
   while (isServicing() && maxWait > millis()) delay(1);
   #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
   if (millis() >= maxWait) DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Waited for strip to finish servicing."));
diff --git a/wled00/bus_manager.cpp b/wled00/bus_manager.cpp
@@ -36,25 +36,32 @@ uint8_t realtimeBroadcast(uint8_t type, IPAddress client, uint16_t length, const
 
 //util.cpp
 // PSRAM allocation wrappers
-#ifndef ESP8266
+#if !defined(ESP8266) && !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3)
 extern "C" {
   void *p_malloc(size_t);           // prefer PSRAM over DRAM
   void *p_calloc(size_t, size_t);   // prefer PSRAM over DRAM
   void *p_realloc(void *, size_t);  // prefer PSRAM over DRAM
+  void *p_realloc_malloc(void *ptr, size_t size); // realloc with malloc fallback, prefer PSRAM over DRAM
   inline void p_free(void *ptr) { heap_caps_free(ptr); }
   void *d_malloc(size_t);           // prefer DRAM over PSRAM
   void *d_calloc(size_t, size_t);   // prefer DRAM over PSRAM
   void *d_realloc(void *, size_t);  // prefer DRAM over PSRAM
+  void *d_realloc_malloc(void *ptr, size_t size); // realloc with malloc fallback, prefer DRAM over PSRAM
   inline void d_free(void *ptr) { heap_caps_free(ptr); }
 }
 #else
+extern "C" {
+  void *realloc_malloc(void *ptr, size_t size);
+}
 #define p_malloc malloc
 #define p_calloc calloc
 #define p_realloc realloc
+#define p_realloc_malloc realloc_malloc
 #define p_free free
 #define d_malloc malloc
 #define d_calloc calloc
 #define d_realloc realloc
+#define d_realloc_malloc realloc_malloc
 #define d_free free
 #endif
 
diff --git a/wled00/const.h b/wled00/const.h
@@ -546,8 +546,8 @@ static_assert(WLED_MAX_BUSSES <= 32, "WLED_MAX_BUSSES exceeds hard limit");
   #endif
 #endif
 
-//#define MIN_HEAP_SIZE
-#define MIN_HEAP_SIZE 2048
+// minimum heap size required to process web requests
+#define MIN_HEAP_SIZE 8192
 
 // Web server limits
 #ifdef ESP8266
diff --git a/wled00/data/index.js b/wled00/data/index.js
@@ -1527,6 +1527,9 @@ function readState(s,command=false)
 			case  3:
 				errstr = "Buffer locked!";
 				break;
+			case  7:
+				errstr = "No RAM for buffer!";
+				break;
 			case  8:
 				errstr = "Effect RAM depleted!";
 				break;
diff --git a/wled00/fcn_declare.h b/wled00/fcn_declare.h
@@ -551,25 +551,32 @@ inline uint8_t hw_random8(uint32_t upperlimit) { return (hw_random8() * upperlim
 inline uint8_t hw_random8(uint32_t lowerlimit, uint32_t upperlimit) { uint32_t range = upperlimit - lowerlimit; return lowerlimit + hw_random8(range); }; // input range 0-255
 
 // PSRAM allocation wrappers
-#ifndef ESP8266
+#if !defined(ESP8266) && !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3)
 extern "C" {
   void *p_malloc(size_t);           // prefer PSRAM over DRAM
   void *p_calloc(size_t, size_t);   // prefer PSRAM over DRAM
   void *p_realloc(void *, size_t);  // prefer PSRAM over DRAM
+  void *p_realloc_malloc(void *ptr, size_t size); // realloc with malloc fallback, prefer PSRAM over DRAM
   inline void p_free(void *ptr) { heap_caps_free(ptr); }
   void *d_malloc(size_t);           // prefer DRAM over PSRAM
   void *d_calloc(size_t, size_t);   // prefer DRAM over PSRAM
   void *d_realloc(void *, size_t);  // prefer DRAM over PSRAM
+  void *d_realloc_malloc(void *ptr, size_t size); // realloc with malloc fallback, prefer DRAM over PSRAM
   inline void d_free(void *ptr) { heap_caps_free(ptr); }
 }
 #else
+extern "C" {
+  void *realloc_malloc(void *ptr, size_t size);
+}
 #define p_malloc malloc
 #define p_calloc calloc
 #define p_realloc realloc
+#define p_realloc_malloc realloc_malloc
 #define p_free free
 #define d_malloc malloc
 #define d_calloc calloc
 #define d_realloc realloc
+#define d_realloc_malloc realloc_malloc
 #define d_free free
 #endif
 
diff --git a/wled00/util.cpp b/wled00/util.cpp
@@ -619,7 +619,8 @@ int32_t hw_random(int32_t lowerlimit, int32_t upperlimit) {
   return hw_random(diff) + lowerlimit;
 }
 
-#ifndef ESP8266
+#if !defined(ESP8266) && !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3) // ESP8266 does not support PSRAM, ESP32-C3 does not have PSRAM
+// p_x prefer PSRAM, d_x prefer DRAM
 void *p_malloc(size_t size) {
   int caps1 = MALLOC_CAP_SPIRAM  | MALLOC_CAP_8BIT;
   int caps2 = MALLOC_CAP_DEFAULT | MALLOC_CAP_8BIT;
@@ -640,6 +641,14 @@ void *p_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size) {
   return heap_caps_realloc(ptr, size, caps2);
 }
 
+// realloc with malloc fallback, original buffer is freed if realloc fails but not copied!
+void *p_realloc_malloc(void *ptr, size_t size) {
+  void *newbuf = p_realloc(ptr, size); // try realloc first
+  if (newbuf) return newbuf; // realloc successful
+  p_free(ptr); // free old buffer if realloc failed
+  return p_malloc(size); // fallback to malloc
+}
+
 void *p_calloc(size_t count, size_t size) {
   int caps1 = MALLOC_CAP_SPIRAM  | MALLOC_CAP_8BIT;
   int caps2 = MALLOC_CAP_DEFAULT | MALLOC_CAP_8BIT;
@@ -654,7 +663,7 @@ void *d_malloc(size_t size) {
   int caps1 = MALLOC_CAP_DEFAULT | MALLOC_CAP_8BIT;
   int caps2 = MALLOC_CAP_SPIRAM  | MALLOC_CAP_8BIT;
   if (psramSafe) {
-    if (size > MIN_HEAP_SIZE) std::swap(caps1, caps2);  // prefer PSRAM for large alloactions
+    if (heap_caps_get_largest_free_block(caps1) < 3*MIN_HEAP_SIZE && size > MIN_HEAP_SIZE) std::swap(caps1, caps2);  // prefer PSRAM for large alloactions & when DRAM is low
     return heap_caps_malloc_prefer(size, 2, caps1, caps2); // otherwise prefer DRAM
   }
   return heap_caps_malloc(size, caps1);
@@ -664,12 +673,20 @@ void *d_realloc(void *ptr, size_t size) {
   int caps1 = MALLOC_CAP_DEFAULT | MALLOC_CAP_8BIT;
   int caps2 = MALLOC_CAP_SPIRAM  | MALLOC_CAP_8BIT;
   if (psramSafe) {
-    if (size > MIN_HEAP_SIZE) std::swap(caps1, caps2);  // prefer PSRAM for large alloactions
+    if (heap_caps_get_largest_free_block(caps1) < 3*MIN_HEAP_SIZE && size > MIN_HEAP_SIZE) std::swap(caps1, caps2);  // prefer PSRAM for large alloactions & when DRAM is low
     return heap_caps_realloc_prefer(ptr, size, 2, caps1, caps2); // otherwise prefer DRAM
   }
   return heap_caps_realloc(ptr, size, caps1);
 }
 
+// realloc with malloc fallback, original buffer is freed if realloc fails but not copied!
+void *d_realloc_malloc(void *ptr, size_t size) {
+  void *newbuf = d_realloc(ptr, size); // try realloc first
+  if (newbuf) return newbuf; // realloc successful
+  d_free(ptr); // free old buffer if realloc failed
+  return d_malloc(size); // fallback to malloc
+}
+
 void *d_calloc(size_t count, size_t size) {
   int caps1 = MALLOC_CAP_DEFAULT | MALLOC_CAP_8BIT;
   int caps2 = MALLOC_CAP_SPIRAM  | MALLOC_CAP_8BIT;
@@ -679,6 +696,14 @@ void *d_calloc(size_t count, size_t size) {
   }
   return heap_caps_calloc(count, size, caps1);
 }
+#else // ESP8266 & ESP32-C3
+// realloc with malloc fallback, original buffer is freed if realloc fails but not copied!
+void *realloc_malloc(void *ptr, size_t size) {
+  void *newbuf = realloc(ptr, size); // try realloc first
+  if (newbuf) return newbuf; // realloc successful
+  free(ptr); // free old buffer if realloc failed
+  return malloc(size); // fallback to malloc
+}
 #endif
 
 /*
