Merge branch '2.7' into 2.8

* 2.7:
  [symfony#5480] minor tweaks
  Added instructions about testing a PR
  Integrated PR comments
  Wording
  Fixed numbering
  Fixed case
  Improved sample comment
  Added link to PRs in need of review
  Added initial draft of "Community Reviews" page

Author: weaverryan

Diff for: contributing/code/patches.rst

@@ -253,6 +253,8 @@ Check that all tests still pass and push your branch remotely:
 
     $ git push --force origin BRANCH_NAME
 
+.. _contributing-code-pull-request:
+
 Make a Pull Request
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 

Diff for: contributing/community/index.rst

@@ -5,4 +5,5 @@ Community
     :maxdepth: 2
 
     releases
+    reviews
     other

Diff for: contributing/community/reviews.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+Community Reviews
+=================
+
+Symfony is an open-source project driven by a large community. If you don't feel
+ready to contribute code or patches, reviewing issues and pull requests (PRs)
+can be a great start to get involved and give back. In fact, people who "triage"
+issues are the backbone to Symfony's success!
+
+Why Reviewing Is Important
+--------------------------
+
+Community reviews are essential for the development of the Symfony framework,
+since there are many more pull requests and bug reports than there are members
+in the Symfony core team to review, fix and merge them.
+
+On the `Symfony issue tracker`_, you can find many items in a `Needs Review`_
+status:
+
+* **Bug Reports**: Bug reports need to be checked for completeness.
+  Is any important information missing? Can the bug be *easily* reproduced?
+
+* **Pull Requests**: Pull requests contain code that fixes a bug or implements
+  new functionality. Reviews of pull requests ensure that they are implemented
+  properly, are covered by test cases, don't introduce new bugs and maintain
+  backwards compatibility.
+
+Note that **anyone who has some basic familiarity with Symfony and PHP can
+review bug reports and pull requests**. You don't need to be an expert to help.
+
+Be Constructive
+---------------
+
+Before you begin, remember that you are looking at the result of someone else's
+hard work. A good review comment thanks the contributor for their work,
+identifies what was done well, identifies what should be improved and suggests a
+next step.
+
+Create a GitHub Account
+-----------------------
+
+Symfony uses GitHub_ to manage bug reports and pull requests. If you want to
+do reviews, you need to `create a GitHub account`_ and log in.
+
+The Bug Report Review Process
+-----------------------------
+
+A good way to get started with reviewing is to pick a bug report from the
+`bug reports in need of review`_.
+
+The steps for the review are:
+
+#. **Is the Report Complete?**
+
+   Good bug reports contain a link to a fork of the `Symfony Standard Edition`_
+   (the "reproduction project") that reproduces the bug. If it doesn't, the
+   report should at least contain enough information and code samples to
+   reproduce the bug.
+
+#. **Reproduce the Bug**
+
+   Download the reproduction project and test whether the bug can be reproduced
+   on your system. If the reporter did not provide a reproduction project,
+   create one by forking_ the `Symfony Standard Edition`_. Reproduce the bug
+   with the instructions given by the reporter.
+
+#. **Update the Issue Status**
+
+   At last, add a comment to the bug report. **Thank the reporter for reporting
+   the bug**. Include the line ``Status: <status>`` in your comment to update
+   the status of the ticket. This line will trigger our `Carson Bot`_ which
+   updates the labels of the issue accordingly. You can set the status to one of
+   the following:
+
+   **Needs Work** If the bug does not contain enough information to be
+   reproduced, explain what information is missing and move the report to this
+   status.
+
+   **Works for me** If the bug *does* contain enough information to be
+   reproduced but works on your system, or if the reported bug is a feature and
+   not a bug, provide a short explanation and move the report to this status.
+
+   **Reviewed** If you can reproduce the bug, move the report to this status.
+   If you created a reproduction project, include the link to the project in
+   your comment.
+
+.. topic:: Example
+
+    Here is a sample comment for a bug report that could be reproduced:
+
+    .. code-block:: text
+
+        Thank you @weaverryan for creating this bug report! This indeed looks
+        like a bug. I reproduced the bug in the "kernel-bug" branch of
+        https://github.com/webmozart/symfony-standard.
+
+        Status: Reviewed
+
+The Pull Request Review Process
+-------------------------------
+
+The process for reviewing pull requests (PRs) is similar to doing a review of a
+bug report. Reviews of pull requests usually take a little longer since you need
+to understand the functionality that has been fixed or implemented and then find
+out whether the implementation is complete.
+
+It is okay to do partial reviews. If you do a partial review, comment how far
+you got and leave the PR in "Needs Review" state.
+
+Pick a pull request from the `PRs in need of review`_ and follow these steps:
+
+#. **Is the PR Complete**?
+
+   Every pull request must contain a header that gives some basic information
+   about the PR. You can find the template for that header in the
+   :ref:`Contribution Guidelines <contributing-code-pull-request>`.
+
+#. **Is the Base Branch Correct?**
+
+   GitHub displays the branch that a PR is based on below the title of the
+   pull request. Is that branch correct?
+
+   * Bugs should be fixed in the oldest, maintained version that contains the
+     bug. Check :doc:`Symfony's Release Schedule <releases>` to find the oldest
+     currently supported version.
+
+   * New features should always be added to the current development version.
+     Check the `Symfony Roadmap`_ to find the current development version.
+
+#. **Reproduce the Problem**
+
+   Read the issue that the pull request is supposed to fix. Reproduce the
+   problem on a clean `Symfony Standard Edition`_ project and try to understand
+   why it exists.
+
+#. **Review the Code**
+
+   Read the code of the pull request and check it against some common criteria:
+
+   * Does the code address the issue the PR is intended to fix/implement?
+   * Does the PR stay within scope to address *only* that issue?
+   * Does the PR contain automated tests? Do those tests cover all relevant
+     edge cases?
+   * Does the PR contain sufficient comments to easily understand its code?
+   * Does the code break backwards compatibility? If yes, does the PR header say
+     so?
+   * Does the PR contain deprecations? If yes, does the PR header say so? Does
+     the code contain ``trigger_error()`` statements for all deprecated
+     features?
+   * Are all deprecations and backwards compatibility breaks documented in the
+     latest UPGRADE-X.X.md file? Do those explanations contain "Before"/"After"
+     examples with clear upgrade instructions?
+
+   Eventually, some of these aspects will be checked automatically.
+
+#. **Test the Code**
+
+   Take your project from step 3 and test whether the PR works properly.
+   Replace the Symfony vendor by the code in the PR by running the following Git
+   commands. Insert the PR ID for the ``<ID>`` placeholders:
+
+   .. code-block:: text
+
+       $ cd vendor/symfony/symfony
+       $ git fetch origin pull/<ID>/head:pr<ID>
+       $ git checkout pr<ID>
+
+   Now you can test the project against the code in the PR.
+
+#. **Update the PR Status**
+
+   At last, add a comment to the PR. **Thank the contributor for working on the
+   PR**. Include the line ``Status: <status>`` in your comment to update the
+   status of the ticket. This line will trigger our `Carson Bot`_ which updates
+   the labels of the issue accordingly. You can set the status to one of the
+   following:
+
+   **Needs Work** If the PR is not yet ready to be merged, explain the issues
+   that you found and move it to this status.
+
+   **Reviewed** If the PR satisfies all the checks above, move it to this
+   status. A core contributor will soon look at the PR and decide whether it can
+   be merged or needs further work.
+
+.. topic:: Example
+
+    Here is a sample comment for a PR that is not yet ready for merge:
+
+    .. code-block:: text
+
+        Thank you @weaverryan for working on this! It seems that your test
+        cases don't cover the cases when the counter is zero or smaller.
+        Could you please add some tests for that?
+
+        Status: Needs Work
+
+.. _GitHub: https://github.com
+.. _Symfony issue tracker: https://github.com/symfony/symfony/issues
+.. _Symfony Standard Edition: https://github.com/symfony/symfony-standard
+.. _create a GitHub account: https://help.github.com/articles/signing-up-for-a-new-github-account/
+.. _forking: https://help.github.com/articles/fork-a-repo/
+.. _bug reports in need of review: https://github.com/symfony/symfony/issues?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22Bug%22+label%3A%22Status%3A+Needs+Review%22+
+.. _PRs in need of review: https://github.com/symfony/symfony/issues?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=is%3Aopen+is%3Apr+label%3A%22Status%3A+Needs+Review%22+
+.. _Contribution Guidelines: https://github.com/symfony/symfony/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md
+.. _Symfony's Release Schedule: http://symfony.com/doc/current/contributing/community/releases.html#schedule
+.. _Symfony Roadmap: https://symfony.com/roadmap
+.. _Carson Bot: https://github.com/carsonbot/carsonbot
+.. _`Needs Review`: https://github.com/symfony/symfony/labels/Status%3A%20Needs%20Review