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Merge branch '2.7' into 2.8
* 2.7: Remoing link to now-gone web section Fixes thanks to Wouter! removing reference that I removed removing duplicate reference Lots of updates thanks to @javiereguiluz! adding missing reference Proofread! Complete rewrite of the page creation chapter to be much shorter WIP Fixed some issues reported by Wouter Fixed minor issue with the title case Added a mention to the Symfony Demo application
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Diff for: ‎book/bundles.rst

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.. index::
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single: Bundles
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.. _page-creation-bundles:
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The Bundle System
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=================
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A bundle is similar to a plugin in other software, but even better. The key
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difference is that *everything* is a bundle in Symfony, including both the
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core framework functionality and the code written for your application.
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Bundles are first-class citizens in Symfony. This gives you the flexibility
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to use pre-built features packaged in `third-party bundles`_ or to distribute
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your own bundles. It makes it easy to pick and choose which features to enable
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in your application and to optimize them the way you want.
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.. note::
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While you'll learn the basics here, an entire cookbook entry is devoted
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to the organization and best practices of :doc:`bundles </cookbook/bundles/best_practices>`.
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A bundle is simply a structured set of files within a directory that implement
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a single feature. You might create a BlogBundle, a ForumBundle or
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a bundle for user management (many of these exist already as open source
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bundles). Each directory contains everything related to that feature, including
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PHP files, templates, stylesheets, JavaScript files, tests and anything else.
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Every aspect of a feature exists in a bundle and every feature lives in a
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bundle.
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Bundles used in your applications must be enabled by registering them in
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the ``registerBundles()`` method of the ``AppKernel`` class::
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// app/AppKernel.php
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public function registerBundles()
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{
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$bundles = array(
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new Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\FrameworkBundle(),
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new Symfony\Bundle\SecurityBundle\SecurityBundle(),
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new Symfony\Bundle\TwigBundle\TwigBundle(),
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new Symfony\Bundle\MonologBundle\MonologBundle(),
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new Symfony\Bundle\SwiftmailerBundle\SwiftmailerBundle(),
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new Symfony\Bundle\DoctrineBundle\DoctrineBundle(),
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new Symfony\Bundle\AsseticBundle\AsseticBundle(),
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new Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\SensioFrameworkExtraBundle(),
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new AppBundle\AppBundle(),
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);
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if (in_array($this->getEnvironment(), array('dev', 'test'))) {
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$bundles[] = new Symfony\Bundle\WebProfilerBundle\WebProfilerBundle();
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$bundles[] = new Sensio\Bundle\DistributionBundle\SensioDistributionBundle();
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$bundles[] = new Sensio\Bundle\GeneratorBundle\SensioGeneratorBundle();
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}
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return $bundles;
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}
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With the ``registerBundles()`` method, you have total control over which bundles
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are used by your application (including the core Symfony bundles).
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.. tip::
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A bundle can live *anywhere* as long as it can be autoloaded (via the
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autoloader configured at ``app/autoload.php``).
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Creating a Bundle
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-----------------
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The Symfony Standard Edition comes with a handy task that creates a fully-functional
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bundle for you. Of course, creating a bundle by hand is pretty easy as well.
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To show you how simple the bundle system is, create a new bundle called
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AcmeTestBundle and enable it.
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.. tip::
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The ``Acme`` portion is just a dummy name that should be replaced by
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some "vendor" name that represents you or your organization (e.g.
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ABCTestBundle for some company named ``ABC``).
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Start by creating a ``src/Acme/TestBundle/`` directory and adding a new file
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called ``AcmeTestBundle.php``::
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// src/Acme/TestBundle/AcmeTestBundle.php
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namespace Acme\TestBundle;
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use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Bundle\Bundle;
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class AcmeTestBundle extends Bundle
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{
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}
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.. tip::
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The name AcmeTestBundle follows the standard
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:ref:`Bundle naming conventions <bundles-naming-conventions>`. You could
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also choose to shorten the name of the bundle to simply TestBundle by naming
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this class TestBundle (and naming the file ``TestBundle.php``).
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This empty class is the only piece you need to create the new bundle. Though
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commonly empty, this class is powerful and can be used to customize the behavior
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of the bundle.
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Now that you've created the bundle, enable it via the ``AppKernel`` class::
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// app/AppKernel.php
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public function registerBundles()
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{
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$bundles = array(
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// ...
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// register your bundle
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new Acme\TestBundle\AcmeTestBundle(),
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);
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// ...
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return $bundles;
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}
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And while it doesn't do anything yet, AcmeTestBundle is now ready to be used.
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And as easy as this is, Symfony also provides a command-line interface for
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generating a basic bundle skeleton:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ php app/console generate:bundle --namespace=Acme/TestBundle
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The bundle skeleton generates a basic controller, template and routing
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resource that can be customized. You'll learn more about Symfony's command-line
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tools later.
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.. tip::
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Whenever creating a new bundle or using a third-party bundle, always make
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sure the bundle has been enabled in ``registerBundles()``. When using
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the ``generate:bundle`` command, this is done for you.
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Bundle Directory Structure
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--------------------------
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The directory structure of a bundle is simple and flexible. By default, the
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bundle system follows a set of conventions that help to keep code consistent
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between all Symfony bundles. Take a look at AcmeDemoBundle, as it contains some
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of the most common elements of a bundle:
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``Controller/``
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Contains the controllers of the bundle (e.g. ``RandomController.php``).
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``DependencyInjection/``
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Holds certain Dependency Injection Extension classes, which may import service
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configuration, register compiler passes or more (this directory is not
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necessary).
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``Resources/config/``
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Houses configuration, including routing configuration (e.g. ``routing.yml``).
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``Resources/views/``
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Holds templates organized by controller name (e.g. ``Hello/index.html.twig``).
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``Resources/public/``
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Contains web assets (images, stylesheets, etc) and is copied or symbolically
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linked into the project ``web/`` directory via the ``assets:install`` console
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command.
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``Tests/``
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Holds all tests for the bundle.
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A bundle can be as small or large as the feature it implements. It contains
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only the files you need and nothing else.
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As you move through the book, you'll learn how to persist objects to a database,
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create and validate forms, create translations for your application, write
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tests and much more. Each of these has their own place and role within the
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bundle.
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_`third-party bundles`: http://knpbundles.com

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