glip

GLIP: Grounded Language-Image Pre-training

GLIP: Grounded Language-Image Pre-training

Abstract

This paper presents a grounded language-image pre-training (GLIP) model for learning object-level, language-aware, and semantic-rich visual representations. GLIP unifies object detection and phrase grounding for pre-training. The unification brings two benefits: 1) it allows GLIP to learn from both detection and grounding data to improve both tasks and bootstrap a good grounding model; 2) GLIP can leverage massive image-text pairs by generating grounding boxes in a self-training fashion, making the learned representation semantic-rich. In our experiments, we pre-train GLIP on 27M grounding data, including 3M human-annotated and 24M web-crawled image-text pairs. The learned representations demonstrate strong zero-shot and few-shot transferability to various object-level recognition tasks. 1) When directly evaluated on COCO and LVIS (without seeing any images in COCO during pre-training), GLIP achieves 49.8 AP and 26.9 AP, respectively, surpassing many supervised baselines. 2) After fine-tuned on COCO, GLIP achieves 60.8 AP on val and 61.5 AP on test-dev, surpassing prior SoTA. 3) When transferred to 13 downstream object detection tasks, a 1-shot GLIP rivals with a fully-supervised Dynamic Head.

Installation

cd $MMDETROOT

# source installation
pip install -r requirements/multimodal.txt

# or mim installation
mim install mmdet[multimodal]

cd $MMDETROOT

wget https://download.openmmlab.com/mmdetection/v3.0/glip/glip_tiny_a_mmdet-b3654169.pth

python demo/image_demo.py demo/demo.jpg \
configs/glip/glip_atss_swin-t_a_fpn_dyhead_pretrain_obj365.py \
--weights glip_tiny_a_mmdet-b3654169.pth \
--texts 'bench. car'

NOTE

GLIP utilizes BERT as the language model, which requires access to https://huggingface.co/. If you encounter connection errors due to network access, you can download the required files on a computer with internet access and save them locally. Finally, modify the lang_model_name field in the config to the local path. Please refer to the following code:

from transformers import BertConfig, BertModel
from transformers import AutoTokenizer

config = BertConfig.from_pretrained("bert-base-uncased")
model = BertModel.from_pretrained("bert-base-uncased", add_pooling_layer=False, config=config)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("bert-base-uncased")

config.save_pretrained("your path/bert-base-uncased")
model.save_pretrained("your path/bert-base-uncased")
tokenizer.save_pretrained("your path/bert-base-uncased")

COCO Results and Models

Model	Zero-shot or Finetune	COCO mAP	Official COCO mAP	Pre-Train Data	Config	Download
GLIP-T (A)	Zero-shot	43.0	42.9	O365	config	model
GLIP-T (A)	Finetune	53.3	52.9	O365	config	model| log
GLIP-T (B)	Zero-shot	44.9	44.9	O365	config	model
GLIP-T (B)	Finetune	54.1	53.8	O365	config	model| log
GLIP-T (C)	Zero-shot	46.7	46.7	O365,GoldG	config	model
GLIP-T (C)	Finetune	55.2	55.1	O365,GoldG	config	model| log
GLIP-T	Zero-shot	46.6	46.6	O365,GoldG,CC3M,SBU	config	model
GLIP-T	Finetune	55.4	55.2	O365,GoldG,CC3M,SBU	config	model| log
GLIP-L	Zero-shot	51.3	51.4	FourODs,GoldG,CC3M+12M,SBU	config	model
GLIP-L	Finetune	59.4		FourODs,GoldG,CC3M+12M,SBU	config	model| log

Note:

1. The weights corresponding to the zero-shot model are adopted from the official weights and converted using the script. We have not retrained the model for the time being.
2. Finetune refers to fine-tuning on the COCO 2017 dataset. The L model is trained using 16 A100 GPUs, while the remaining models are trained using 16 NVIDIA GeForce 3090 GPUs.
3. Taking the GLIP-T(A) model as an example, I trained it twice using the official code, and the fine-tuning mAP were 52.5 and 52.6. Therefore, the mAP we achieved in our reproduction is higher than the official results. The main reason is that we modified the weight_decay parameter.
4. Our experiments revealed that training for 24 epochs leads to overfitting. Therefore, we chose the best-performing model. If users want to train on a custom dataset, it is advisable to shorten the number of epochs and save the best-performing model.
5. Due to the official absence of fine-tuning hyperparameters for the GLIP-L model, we have not yet reproduced the official accuracy. I have found that overfitting can also occur, so it may be necessary to consider custom modifications to data augmentation and model enhancement. Given the high cost of training, we have not conducted any research on this matter at the moment.

LVIS Results

Model	Official	MiniVal APr	MiniVal APc	MiniVal APf	MiniVal AP	Val1.0 APr	Val1.0 APc	Val1.0 APf	Val1.0 AP	Pre-Train Data	Config	Download
GLIP-T (A)	✔									O365	config	model
GLIP-T (A)		12.1	15.5	25.8	20.2	6.2	10.9	22.8	14.7	O365	config	model
GLIP-T (B)	✔									O365	config	model
GLIP-T (B)		8.6	13.9	26.0	19.3	4.6	9.8	22.6	13.9	O365	config	model
GLIP-T (C)	✔	14.3	19.4	31.1	24.6					O365,GoldG	config	model
GLIP-T (C)		14.4	19.8	31.9	25.2	8.3	13.2	28.1	18.2	O365,GoldG	config	model
GLIP-T	✔									O365,GoldG,CC3M,SBU	config	model
GLIP-T		18.1	21.2	33.1	26.7	10.8	14.7	29.0	19.6	O365,GoldG,CC3M,SBU	config	model
GLIP-L	✔	29.2	34.9	42.1	37.9					FourODs,GoldG,CC3M+12M,SBU	config	model
GLIP-L		27.9	33.7	39.7	36.1	20.2	25.8	35.3	28.5	FourODs,GoldG,CC3M+12M,SBU	config	model

Note:

1. The above are zero-shot evaluation results.
2. The evaluation metric we used is LVIS FixAP. For specific details, please refer to Evaluating Large-Vocabulary Object Detectors: The Devil is in the Details.
3. We found that the performance on small models is better than the official results, but it is lower on large models. This is mainly due to the incomplete alignment of the GLIP post-processing.

ODinW (Object Detection in the Wild) Results

Learning visual representations from natural language supervision has recently shown great promise in a number of pioneering works. In general, these language-augmented visual models demonstrate strong transferability to a variety of datasets and tasks. However, it remains challenging to evaluate the transferablity of these models due to the lack of easy-to-use evaluation toolkits and public benchmarks. To tackle this, we build ELEVATER 1 , the first benchmark and toolkit for evaluating (pre-trained) language-augmented visual models. ELEVATER is composed of three components. (i) Datasets. As downstream evaluation suites, it consists of 20 image classification datasets and 35 object detection datasets, each of which is augmented with external knowledge. (ii) Toolkit. An automatic hyper-parameter tuning toolkit is developed to facilitate model evaluation on downstream tasks. (iii) Metrics. A variety of evaluation metrics are used to measure sample-efficiency (zero-shot and few-shot) and parameter-efficiency (linear probing and full model fine-tuning). ELEVATER is platform for Computer Vision in the Wild (CVinW), and is publicly released at https://computer-vision-in-the-wild.github.io/ELEVATER/

Results and models of ODinW13

Method	GLIP-T(A)	Official	GLIP-T(B)	Official	GLIP-T(C)	Official	GroundingDINO-T	GroundingDINO-B
AerialMaritimeDrone	0.123	0.122	0.110	0.110	0.130	0.130	0.173	0.281
Aquarium	0.175	0.174	0.173	0.169	0.191	0.190	0.195	0.445
CottontailRabbits	0.686	0.686	0.688	0.688	0.744	0.744	0.799	0.808
EgoHands	0.013	0.013	0.003	0.004	0.314	0.315	0.608	0.764
NorthAmericaMushrooms	0.502	0.502	0.367	0.367	0.297	0.296	0.507	0.675
Packages	0.589	0.589	0.083	0.083	0.699	0.699	0.687	0.670
PascalVOC	0.512	0.512	0.541	0.540	0.565	0.565	0.563	0.711
pistols	0.339	0.339	0.502	0.501	0.503	0.504	0.726	0.771
pothole	0.007	0.007	0.030	0.030	0.058	0.058	0.215	0.478
Raccoon	0.075	0.074	0.285	0.288	0.241	0.244	0.549	0.541
ShellfishOpenImages	0.253	0.253	0.337	0.338	0.300	0.302	0.393	0.650
thermalDogsAndPeople	0.372	0.372	0.475	0.475	0.510	0.510	0.657	0.633
VehiclesOpenImages	0.574	0.566	0.562	0.547	0.549	0.534	0.613	0.647
Average	0.325	0.324	0.320	0.318	0.392	0.392	0.514	0.621

Results and models of ODinW35

Method	GLIP-T(A)	Official	GLIP-T(B)	Official	GLIP-T(C)	Official	GroundingDINO-T	GroundingDINO-B
AerialMaritimeDrone_large	0.123	0.122	0.110	0.110	0.130	0.130	0.173	0.281
AerialMaritimeDrone_tiled	0.174	0.174	0.172	0.172	0.172	0.172	0.206	0.364
AmericanSignLanguageLetters	0.001	0.001	0.003	0.003	0.009	0.009	0.002	0.096
Aquarium	0.175	0.175	0.173	0.171	0.192	0.182	0.195	0.445
BCCD	0.016	0.016	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.161	0.584
boggleBoards	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.134
brackishUnderwater	0.016	0..013	0.021	0.027	0.020	0.022	0.021	0.454
ChessPieces	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.001	0.000	0.000
CottontailRabbits	0.710	0.709	0.683	0.683	0.752	0.752	0.806	0.797
dice	0.005	0.005	0.004	0.004	0.004	0.004	0.004	0.082
DroneControl	0.016	0.017	0.006	0.008	0.005	0.007	0.042	0.638
EgoHands_generic	0.009	0.010	0.005	0.006	0.510	0.508	0.608	0.764
EgoHands_specific	0.001	0.001	0.004	0.006	0.003	0.004	0.002	0.687
HardHatWorkers	0.029	0.029	0.023	0.023	0.033	0.033	0.046	0.439
MaskWearing	0.007	0.007	0.003	0.002	0.005	0.005	0.004	0.406
MountainDewCommercial	0.218	0.227	0.199	0.197	0.478	0.463	0.430	0.580
NorthAmericaMushrooms	0.502	0.502	0.450	0.450	0.497	0.497	0.471	0.501
openPoetryVision	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.051
OxfordPets_by_breed	0.001	0.002	0.002	0.004	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.799
OxfordPets_by_species	0.016	0.011	0.012	0.009	0.013	0.009	0.011	0.872
PKLot	0.002	0.002	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.774
Packages	0.569	0.569	0.279	0.279	0.712	0.712	0.695	0.728
PascalVOC	0.512	0.512	0.541	0.540	0.565	0.565	0.563	0.711
pistols	0.339	0.339	0.502	0.501	0.503	0.504	0.726	0.771
plantdoc	0.002	0.002	0.007	0.007	0.009	0.009	0.005	0.376
pothole	0.007	0.010	0.024	0.025	0.085	0.101	0.215	0.478
Raccoons	0.075	0.074	0.285	0.288	0.241	0.244	0.549	0.541
selfdrivingCar	0.071	0.072	0.074	0.074	0.081	0.080	0.089	0.318
ShellfishOpenImages	0.253	0.253	0.337	0.338	0.300	0.302	0.393	0.650
ThermalCheetah	0.028	0.028	0.000	0.000	0.028	0.028	0.087	0.290
thermalDogsAndPeople	0.372	0.372	0.475	0.475	0.510	0.510	0.657	0.633
UnoCards	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.002	0.003	0.006	0.754
VehiclesOpenImages	0.574	0.566	0.562	0.547	0.549	0.534	0.613	0.647
WildfireSmoke	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.017	0.017	0.134	0.410
websiteScreenshots	0.003	0.004	0.003	0.005	0.005	0.006	0.012	0.175
Average	0.134	0.134	0.138	0.138	0.179	0.178	0.227	0.492

Results on Flickr30k

Model	Official	Pre-Train Data	Val R@1	Val R@5	Val R@10	Test R@1	Test R@5	Test R@10
GLIP-T(C)	✔	O365, GoldG	84.8	94.9	96.3	85.5	95.4	96.6
GLIP-T(C)		O365, GoldG	84.9	94.9	96.3	85.6	95.4	96.7
GLIP-T		O365,GoldG,CC3M,SBU	85.3	95.5	96.9	86.0	95.9	97.2