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javascript 的一些技巧 #3

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xieyezi opened this issue Jul 2, 2020 · 0 comments
Open

javascript 的一些技巧 #3

xieyezi opened this issue Jul 2, 2020 · 0 comments
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documentation Improvements or additions to documentation

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@xieyezi
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xieyezi commented Jul 2, 2020

1.原型链继承

function Parent() {
  this.name = 'xieyezi';
}

Parent.prototype.getName = function() {
  console.log(this.name);
}

function Child() {

}

Child.prototype = new Parent();

var child = new Child();

console.log(child.getName()); // xieyezi

缺点:
1.引用类型的属性会被所有实例共享,例如:

function Parent () {
    this.names = ['xieyezi'];
}

function Child () {

}

Child.prototype = new Parent();

var child1 = new Child();

child1.names.push('juefei');

console.log(child1.names); // ["xieyezi", "juefei"]

var child2 = new Child();

console.log(child2.names); // ["xieyezi", "juefei"]

2.在创建Child实例时,不能向Parent传参

2.借用构造函数(经典继承)

function Parent () {
    this.names = ['xieyezi'];
}

function Child() {
  Parent.call(this);
}

var child1 = new Child();

child1.names.push('juefei');

console.log(child1.names); // ["xieyezi", "juefei"]

var child2 = new Child('babad');

console.log(child2.names); // ["xieyezi"]

优点:
1.避免了引用类型的属性被所有实例共享;
2.可以在Child中向Parent传参,例如:

function Parent (name) {
    this.name = name;
}

function Child (name) {
    Parent.call(this, name);
}

var child1 = new Child('xieyezi');

console.log(child1.name); // xieyezi

var child2 = new Child('juefei');

console.log(child2.name); // juefei

缺点:
方法都在构造函数中定义,每次创建实例都会创建一遍方法。

3.组合继承

原型链继承和组合继承双剑合璧。

function Parent(name) {
  this.name = name;
  this.colors = ['red','blue','green']
}

Parent.prototype.getName = function() {
  console.log(this.name);
}

function Child(name,age) {
  Parent.call(this,name);
  this.age = age;
}

Child.prototype = new Parent();
Child.prototype.constructor = Child;

var child1 = new Child('xieyezi', '25');

child1.colors.push('black');

console.log(child1.name); // xieyezi
console.log(child1.age); // 25
console.log(child1.colors); // ["red", "blue", "green", "black"]

var child2 = new Child('juefei', '24');

console.log(child2.name); // juefei
console.log(child2.age); // 24
console.log(child2.colors); // ["red", "blue", "green"]

优点:融合原型链继承和构造函数的优点,是 JavaScript 中最常用的继承模式。
缺点:Parent构造函数会调用两次

4.原型式继承

function createObj(o) {
  function F(){}
  F.prototype = o;
  return new F();
}

var person = {
    name: 'kevin',
    friends: ['daisy', 'kelly']
}

var person1 = createObj(person);
var person2 = createObj(person);

person1.name = 'person1';
console.log(person2.name); // kevin

person1.firends.push('taylor');
console.log(person2.friends); // ["daisy", "kelly", "taylor"]

就是 ES5 Object.create 的模拟实现,将传入的对象作为创建的对象的原型。

缺点:
包含引用类型的属性值始终都会共享相应的值,这点跟原型链继承一样。

5. 寄生式继承

function createObj(o) {
  var clone = Object.create(o);
  clone.sayName = function () {
    console.log('hi');
  }
  return clone
}

创建一个仅用于封装继承过程的函数,该函数在内部以某种形式来做增强对象,最后返回对象。

缺点:跟借用构造函数模式一样,每次创建对象都会创建一遍方法。

6. 寄生组合式继承

function object(o) {
  function F(){}
  F.prototype = o;
  return new F();
}

function Parent(value){
    this.val = value;
}

Parent.prototype.getValue = function(){
    console.log(this.val);
}

function Child(value){
    Parent.call(this,value);
}

Child.prototype = object(Parent.prototype)
// 上面这句等价于 `Child.prototype = Object.create(Parent.prototype)`

相比于组合继承,寄生组合式继承调用两次父构造函数的缺点。

@xieyezi xieyezi added the documentation Improvements or additions to documentation label Jul 2, 2020
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