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<article id="post-java/spring/spring实战-03高级装配" class="article article-type-post" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
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<p><h3 id="环境与profile"><a href="#环境与profile" class="headerlink" title="环境与profile"></a>环境与profile</h3><p>解决不同的环境存在不同的配置问题</p>
<h4 id="Profile注解"><a href="#Profile注解" class="headerlink" title="@Profile注解"></a>@Profile注解</h4><ul>
<li><p>应用在整个<code>config</code>上面</p>
<p>这个配置类中的<code>bean</code>只有在<code>dev profile</code>激活时才会创建，若没有激活那么带有<code>@Bean</code>注解的方法都会被忽略掉。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="meta">@Configuration</span></div><div class="line"><span class="meta">@Profile</span>(<span class="string">"dev"</span>)</div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">CDPlayerConfig</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="meta">@Bean</span>(<span class="string">"myAAA"</span>)</div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Logger <span class="title">getLogger</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> Logger();</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>应用在<code>config</code>中的单个方法上</p>
<p>不同的方法设置不同的<code>profile</code>，一个<code>config</code>中可以兼容多个不同环境中的<code>bean</code></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="meta">@Configuration</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">CDPlayerConfig</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="meta">@Bean</span>(<span class="string">"myAAA"</span>)</div><div class="line"> <span class="meta">@Profile</span>(<span class="string">"dev"</span>)</div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> Logger <span class="title">getLogger</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> Logger();</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> <span class="meta">@Bean</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="meta">@Profile</span>(<span class="string">"prod"</span>)</div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> CdPlayer <span class="title">cdPlayer</span><span class="params">(Logger logger)</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> CdPlayer(logger);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<p><h3 id="使用上下文容纳Bean"><a href="#使用上下文容纳Bean" class="headerlink" title="使用上下文容纳Bean"></a>使用上下文容纳Bean</h3><p>支持使用多种类型的应用上下文。</p>
<ul>
<li><code>AnnotationConfigApplicationContext</code>：从一个或多个基于Java配置类中加载<code>Spring</code>应用上下文；</li>
<li><code>AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext</code>：从一个或多个基于Java的配置类中加载<code>Spring Web</code>应用上下文。</li>
<li><code>ClassPathXmlApplicationContext</code>：从类路径下的一个或多个<code>XML</code>配置文件中加载上下文定义，把应用上下文的定义文件作为类资源。</li>
<li><code>FileSystemXmlapplicationcontext</code>：从文件系统下的一个或多个<code>XML</code>配置文件中加载上下文定义。</li>
<li><code>XmlWebApplicationContext</code>：从<code>Web</code>应用下的一个或多个<code>XML</code>配置文件中加载上下文定义。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">ApplicationContext context = <span class="keyword">new</span> FileSystemXmlApplicationContext(<span class="string">"c:/a.xml"</span>);</div><div class="line">ApplicationContext context1 = <span class="keyword">new</span> ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(<span class="string">"classpath:a.xml"</span>);</div><div class="line">ApplicationContext context2 = <span class="keyword">new</span> AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(WebLogAspect.class);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
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<p><h3 id="jps"><a href="#jps" class="headerlink" title="jps"></a>jps</h3><p>类似于Linux下面的ps命令，用于列出Java的进程。通过添加参数可以查看Java进程的启动类、传入参数和JVM参数等信息</p>
<h3 id="jstat"><a href="#jstat" class="headerlink" title="jstat"></a>jstat</h3><p>用于观察Java应用程序运行时信息的工具。通过它，可以查看堆信息的详细情况。</p>
<h3 id="jinfo"><a href="#jinfo" class="headerlink" title="jinfo"></a>jinfo</h3><p>查看正在运行的Java应用程序的扩展参数，甚至支持在运行时修改部分参数。</p></p>
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<p><h3 id="Future模式"><a href="#Future模式" class="headerlink" title="Future模式"></a>Future模式</h3><p>此种模式类似于做饭时可以先把电饭锅插上开始做米饭，中间不需要等着饭做好，可以先去炒菜。等菜炒完之后可以再来看看米饭做完了没有。此时有两种可能，一种是米饭做好了可以吃了，另外一种是还没有做好需要等着做好再开吃。 </p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div><div class="line">37</div><div class="line">38</div><div class="line">39</div><div class="line">40</div><div class="line">41</div><div class="line">42</div><div class="line">43</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.util.concurrent.*;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">FuturePattern</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> ExecutionException, InterruptedException </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">long</span> start = System.currentTimeMillis();</div><div class="line"> FutureTask<String> future = <span class="keyword">new</span> FutureTask<>(<span class="keyword">new</span> RealData(<span class="string">"abc"</span>));</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// 此处不可以直接调用get，必须要放到异步线程中</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//future.get();</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// 可以使用线程池执行也可以单独创建线程执行</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// 单独创建线程执行</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//Thread thread = new Thread(future);</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">//thread.start();</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// 线程池执行</span></div><div class="line"> ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(<span class="number">1</span>);</div><div class="line"> executorService.submit(future);</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// main线程等待</span></div><div class="line"> Thread.sleep(<span class="number">2000</span>);</div><div class="line"> <span class="comment">// 获取结果</span></div><div class="line"> System.out.println(<span class="string">"data="</span> + future.get());</div><div class="line"> System.out.println(<span class="string">"spent:"</span> + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">RealData</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">Callable</span><<span class="title">String</span>> </span>{</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> String para;</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="title">RealData</span><span class="params">(String para)</span> </span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">this</span>.para = para;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> <span class="meta">@Override</span></div><div class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title">call</span><span class="params">()</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>{</div><div class="line"> StringBuilder sb = <span class="keyword">new</span> StringBuilder();</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="keyword">int</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i < <span class="number">15</span>; i++) {</div><div class="line"> sb.append(para);</div><div class="line"> Thread.sleep(<span class="number">100</span>);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> sb.toString();</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> } </div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
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<p><p> 内存数据主要分为程序计数器、虚拟机栈、本地方法栈、Java堆和方法区</p>
<h3 id="程序计数器"><a href="#程序计数器" class="headerlink" title="程序计数器"></a>程序计数器</h3><p>一块很小的内存空间。每一个线程一个独立的计数器用于记录下一条要运行的指令。如果当前线程正在执行一个Java方法则记录正在执行的Java字节码地址，如果是一个Native方法则计数器为空。</p>
<h3 id="Java虚拟机栈"><a href="#Java虚拟机栈" class="headerlink" title="Java虚拟机栈"></a>Java虚拟机栈</h3><p>线程私有的内存空间，和线程同时创建，保存方法的局部变量、部分结果，并参与方法的调用和返回。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Hot Spot虚拟机中使用-Xss参数来设置栈的大小。栈的大小决定了函数调用的可达深度</p>
</blockquote>
<p>虚拟机栈在运行时使用栈帧的数据结构保存上下文数据。栈帧中存放了方法的局部变量表、操作数栈、动态连接方法和返回地址等信息。</p>
<h3 id="本地方法栈"><a href="#本地方法栈" class="headerlink" title="本地方法栈"></a>本地方法栈</h3><p>用于管理本地方法的调用。Hot Spot虚拟机中，不区分本地方法栈和虚拟机栈。</p></p>
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<p><p>Lombok</p>
<p>消除模板代码（如get、set方法），提高代码可读性。</p>
<p>使用时IDEA中需要安装插件<code>lombok</code>，否则代码会编译错误。依赖如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">dependency</span>></span></div><div class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">groupId</span>></span>org.projectlombok<span class="tag"></<span class="name">groupId</span>></span></div><div class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">artifactId</span>></span>lombok<span class="tag"></<span class="name">artifactId</span>></span></div><div class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">version</span>></span>1.18.2<span class="tag"></<span class="name">version</span>></span></div><div class="line"><span class="tag"></<span class="name">dependency</span>></span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>更多教程：</p>
<p><a href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/32779910">Lombok看这篇就够了</a></p></p>
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<a class="article-title" href="/2018/10/08/java/并发编程/09性能与可伸缩性/">并发编程实战-09性能与可伸缩性</a>
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<p><p>线程的最主要目的是提高程序的运行性能。 </p>
<h2 id="对性能的思考"><a href="#对性能的思考" class="headerlink" title="对性能的思考"></a>对性能的思考</h2><p>尽管使用多个线程的目标是提升整体性能，但与单线程的方法相比，使用多个线程总传统引入一些额外的性能开销。造成这些开销的操作包括：线程之间的协调（比如加锁、触发信号以及内存同步等），增加的上下文切换，线程的创建和销毁，以及线程的调度等。如果过度的使用线程，那么这些开销甚至超过由于提高吞吐量、响应性或者计算能力所带来的性能提升。另一方面，一个并发设计很糟糕的应用程序，其性能甚至比实现相同功能的串行程序的性能还要差。</p></p>
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