Use OCaml 4.03-specific features

[yallop]

Now that we've dropped support for OCaml 4.02.3 (#673), we can make use of some of the new features in OCaml 4.03. The following seem like reasonable candidates:

• Inline records for constructor arguments ocaml/ocaml#5528: inline records for constructor arguments

• A single wildcard for n-ary type constructors ocaml/ocaml#6374: allow _ t as a short-hand for (_, _, ..) t for n-ary type constructors

• Syntax shortcut for putting a type annotation on a record field ocaml/ocaml#6806: Allow type annotations before the -> in fun <args> -> <expr>: fun x y : (int * int) -> (x, y)

• support for "(type a b ..)" as syntactic sugar for "(type a) (type b) ..." ocaml/ocaml#26: support for (type a b) as syntactic sugar for (type a) (type b)

• Short functor type syntax ocaml/ocaml#42: short functor type syntax: S -> T for functor (_ : S) -> T

• [@unbox ] attributes for externals ocaml/ocaml#167: allow to annotate externals' arguments and result types so they can be unboxed or untagged: [@unboxed], [@untagged]. Supports untagging int and unboxing int32, int64, nativeint and float.

• Replace "noalloc" and "float" by attributes ocaml/ocaml#240: replace special annotations on externals by attributes:

  • float is generalized to [@@unboxed]
  • noalloc becomes [@@noalloc]

  Deprecate float and noalloc.

• make string/bytes distinguishable in the underlying compiler implementation ocaml/ocaml#596: make string/bytes distinguishable in the underlying compiler implementation; caml_fill_string and caml_create_string are deprecated and will be removed in the future, please use caml_fill_bytes and caml_create_bytes for migration

• It would be nice if <caml/*.h> didn't define types like "int64" ocaml/ocaml#6517: use ISO C99 types {,u}int{32,64}_t in preference to our homegrown types {,u}int{32,64}. C stubs may have to be updated as {,u}int{32,64}_t are not defined anymore.

• Enrichir Array ocaml/ocaml#7848, Array functions ocaml/ocaml#230: Array.map2, Array.iter2

• Expose caml_string_equal &c to OCaml ocaml/ocaml#6494: Add equal functions in modules Bytes, Char, Digest, Int32, Int64, Nativeint, and String. Users defining their own modules with signature module type of Int32 have to extend their implementation.

• Simple array functions ocaml/ocaml#329: Add exists, for_all, mem and memq functions in Array

• Add Misc.fatal_errorf ocaml/ocaml#356: Add Format.kasprintf

[avsm]

The floodgates are opened! 4.03 sure was an eventful release :-)