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tabulate.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Pretty-print tabular data."""
from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from collections import namedtuple, Iterable
from platform import python_version_tuple
import re
if python_version_tuple()[0] < "3":
from itertools import izip_longest
from functools import partial
_none_type = type(None)
_bool_type = bool
_int_type = int
_long_type = long
_float_type = float
_text_type = unicode
_binary_type = str
def _is_file(f):
return isinstance(f, file)
else:
from itertools import zip_longest as izip_longest
from functools import reduce, partial
_none_type = type(None)
_bool_type = bool
_int_type = int
_long_type = int
_float_type = float
_text_type = str
_binary_type = bytes
import io
def _is_file(f):
return isinstance(f, io.IOBase)
try:
import wcwidth # optional wide-character (CJK) support
except ImportError:
wcwidth = None
__all__ = ["tabulate", "tabulate_formats", "simple_separated_format"]
__version__ = "0.7.6-dev"
# minimum extra space in headers
MIN_PADDING = 2
# if True, enable wide-character (CJK) support
WIDE_CHARS_MODE = wcwidth is not None
Line = namedtuple("Line", ["begin", "hline", "sep", "end"])
DataRow = namedtuple("DataRow", ["begin", "sep", "end"])
# A table structure is suppposed to be:
#
# --- lineabove ---------
# headerrow
# --- linebelowheader ---
# datarow
# --- linebewteenrows ---
# ... (more datarows) ...
# --- linebewteenrows ---
# last datarow
# --- linebelow ---------
#
# TableFormat's line* elements can be
#
# - either None, if the element is not used,
# - or a Line tuple,
# - or a function: [col_widths], [col_alignments] -> string.
#
# TableFormat's *row elements can be
#
# - either None, if the element is not used,
# - or a DataRow tuple,
# - or a function: [cell_values], [col_widths], [col_alignments] -> string.
#
# padding (an integer) is the amount of white space around data values.
#
# with_header_hide:
#
# - either None, to display all table elements unconditionally,
# - or a list of elements not to be displayed if the table has column headers.
#
TableFormat = namedtuple("TableFormat", ["lineabove", "linebelowheader",
"linebetweenrows", "linebelow",
"headerrow", "datarow",
"padding", "with_header_hide"])
def _pipe_segment_with_colons(align, colwidth):
"""Return a segment of a horizontal line with optional colons which
indicate column's alignment (as in `pipe` output format)."""
w = colwidth
if align in ["right", "decimal"]:
return ('-' * (w - 1)) + ":"
elif align == "center":
return ":" + ('-' * (w - 2)) + ":"
elif align == "left":
return ":" + ('-' * (w - 1))
else:
return '-' * w
def _pipe_line_with_colons(colwidths, colaligns):
"""Return a horizontal line with optional colons to indicate column's
alignment (as in `pipe` output format)."""
segments = [_pipe_segment_with_colons(a, w) for a, w in zip(colaligns, colwidths)]
return "|" + "|".join(segments) + "|"
def _mediawiki_row_with_attrs(separator, cell_values, colwidths, colaligns):
alignment = { "left": '',
"right": 'align="right"| ',
"center": 'align="center"| ',
"decimal": 'align="right"| ' }
# hard-coded padding _around_ align attribute and value together
# rather than padding parameter which affects only the value
values_with_attrs = [' ' + alignment.get(a, '') + c + ' '
for c, a in zip(cell_values, colaligns)]
colsep = separator*2
return (separator + colsep.join(values_with_attrs)).rstrip()
def _textile_row_with_attrs(cell_values, colwidths, colaligns):
cell_values[0] += ' '
alignment = { "left": "<.", "right": ">.", "center": "=.", "decimal": ">." }
values = (alignment.get(a, '') + v for a, v in zip(colaligns, cell_values))
return '|' + '|'.join(values) + '|'
def _html_begin_table_without_header(colwidths_ignore, colaligns_ignore):
# this table header will be suppressed if there is a header row
return "\n".join(["<table>", "<tbody>"])
def _html_row_with_attrs(celltag, cell_values, colwidths, colaligns):
alignment = { "left": '',
"right": ' style="text-align: right;"',
"center": ' style="text-align: center;"',
"decimal": ' style="text-align: right;"' }
values_with_attrs = ["<{0}{1}>{2}</{0}>".format(celltag, alignment.get(a, ''), c)
for c, a in zip(cell_values, colaligns)]
rowhtml = "<tr>" + "".join(values_with_attrs).rstrip() + "</tr>"
if celltag == "th": # it's a header row, create a new table header
rowhtml = "\n".join(["<table>",
"<thead>",
rowhtml,
"</thead>",
"<tbody>"])
return rowhtml
def _moin_row_with_attrs(celltag, cell_values, colwidths, colaligns, header=''):
alignment = { "left": '',
"right": '<style="text-align: right;">',
"center": '<style="text-align: center;">',
"decimal": '<style="text-align: right;">' }
values_with_attrs = ["{0}{1} {2} ".format(celltag,
alignment.get(a, ''),
header+c+header)
for c, a in zip(cell_values, colaligns)]
return "".join(values_with_attrs)+"||"
def _latex_line_begin_tabular(colwidths, colaligns, booktabs=False):
alignment = { "left": "l", "right": "r", "center": "c", "decimal": "r" }
tabular_columns_fmt = "".join([alignment.get(a, "l") for a in colaligns])
return "\n".join(["\\begin{tabular}{" + tabular_columns_fmt + "}",
"\\toprule" if booktabs else "\hline"])
LATEX_ESCAPE_RULES = {r"&": r"\&", r"%": r"\%", r"$": r"\$", r"#": r"\#",
r"_": r"\_", r"^": r"\^{}", r"{": r"\{", r"}": r"\}",
r"~": r"\textasciitilde{}", "\\": r"\textbackslash{}",
r"<": r"\ensuremath{<}", r">": r"\ensuremath{>}"}
def _latex_row(cell_values, colwidths, colaligns):
def escape_char(c):
return LATEX_ESCAPE_RULES.get(c, c)
escaped_values = ["".join(map(escape_char, cell)) for cell in cell_values]
rowfmt = DataRow("", "&", "\\\\")
return _build_simple_row(escaped_values, rowfmt)
def _rst_escape_first_column(rows, headers):
def escape_empty(val):
if isinstance(val, (_text_type, _binary_type)) and val.strip() is "":
return ".."
else:
return val
new_headers = list(headers)
new_rows = []
if headers:
new_headers[0] = escape_empty(headers[0])
for row in rows:
new_row = list(row)
if new_row:
new_row[0] = escape_empty(row[0])
new_rows.append(new_row)
return new_rows, new_headers
_table_formats = {"simple":
TableFormat(lineabove=Line("", "-", " ", ""),
linebelowheader=Line("", "-", " ", ""),
linebetweenrows=None,
linebelow=Line("", "-", " ", ""),
headerrow=DataRow("", " ", ""),
datarow=DataRow("", " ", ""),
padding=0,
with_header_hide=["lineabove", "linebelow"]),
"plain":
TableFormat(lineabove=None, linebelowheader=None,
linebetweenrows=None, linebelow=None,
headerrow=DataRow("", " ", ""),
datarow=DataRow("", " ", ""),
padding=0, with_header_hide=None),
"grid":
TableFormat(lineabove=Line("+", "-", "+", "+"),
linebelowheader=Line("+", "=", "+", "+"),
linebetweenrows=Line("+", "-", "+", "+"),
linebelow=Line("+", "-", "+", "+"),
headerrow=DataRow("|", "|", "|"),
datarow=DataRow("|", "|", "|"),
padding=1, with_header_hide=None),
"fancy_grid":
TableFormat(lineabove=Line("╒", "═", "╤", "╕"),
linebelowheader=Line("╞", "═", "╪", "╡"),
linebetweenrows=Line("├", "─", "┼", "┤"),
linebelow=Line("╘", "═", "╧", "╛"),
headerrow=DataRow("│", "│", "│"),
datarow=DataRow("│", "│", "│"),
padding=1, with_header_hide=None),
"pipe":
TableFormat(lineabove=_pipe_line_with_colons,
linebelowheader=_pipe_line_with_colons,
linebetweenrows=None,
linebelow=None,
headerrow=DataRow("|", "|", "|"),
datarow=DataRow("|", "|", "|"),
padding=1,
with_header_hide=["lineabove"]),
"orgtbl":
TableFormat(lineabove=None,
linebelowheader=Line("|", "-", "+", "|"),
linebetweenrows=None,
linebelow=None,
headerrow=DataRow("|", "|", "|"),
datarow=DataRow("|", "|", "|"),
padding=1, with_header_hide=None),
"jira":
TableFormat(lineabove=None,
linebelowheader=None,
linebetweenrows=None,
linebelow=None,
headerrow=DataRow("||", "||", "||"),
datarow=DataRow("|", "|", "|"),
padding=1, with_header_hide=None),
"psql":
TableFormat(lineabove=Line("+", "-", "+", "+"),
linebelowheader=Line("|", "-", "+", "|"),
linebetweenrows=None,
linebelow=Line("+", "-", "+", "+"),
headerrow=DataRow("|", "|", "|"),
datarow=DataRow("|", "|", "|"),
padding=1, with_header_hide=None),
"rst":
TableFormat(lineabove=Line("", "=", " ", ""),
linebelowheader=Line("", "=", " ", ""),
linebetweenrows=None,
linebelow=Line("", "=", " ", ""),
headerrow=DataRow("", " ", ""),
datarow=DataRow("", " ", ""),
padding=0, with_header_hide=None),
"mediawiki":
TableFormat(lineabove=Line("{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"text-align: left;\"",
"", "", "\n|+ <!-- caption -->\n|-"),
linebelowheader=Line("|-", "", "", ""),
linebetweenrows=Line("|-", "", "", ""),
linebelow=Line("|}", "", "", ""),
headerrow=partial(_mediawiki_row_with_attrs, "!"),
datarow=partial(_mediawiki_row_with_attrs, "|"),
padding=0, with_header_hide=None),
"moinmoin":
TableFormat(lineabove=None,
linebelowheader=None,
linebetweenrows=None,
linebelow=None,
headerrow=partial(_moin_row_with_attrs,"||",header="'''"),
datarow=partial(_moin_row_with_attrs,"||"),
padding=1, with_header_hide=None),
"html":
TableFormat(lineabove=_html_begin_table_without_header,
linebelowheader="",
linebetweenrows=None,
linebelow=Line("</tbody>\n</table>", "", "", ""),
headerrow=partial(_html_row_with_attrs, "th"),
datarow=partial(_html_row_with_attrs, "td"),
padding=0, with_header_hide=["lineabove"]),
"latex":
TableFormat(lineabove=_latex_line_begin_tabular,
linebelowheader=Line("\\hline", "", "", ""),
linebetweenrows=None,
linebelow=Line("\\hline\n\\end{tabular}", "", "", ""),
headerrow=_latex_row,
datarow=_latex_row,
padding=1, with_header_hide=None),
"latex_booktabs":
TableFormat(lineabove=partial(_latex_line_begin_tabular, booktabs=True),
linebelowheader=Line("\\midrule", "", "", ""),
linebetweenrows=None,
linebelow=Line("\\bottomrule\n\\end{tabular}", "", "", ""),
headerrow=_latex_row,
datarow=_latex_row,
padding=1, with_header_hide=None),
"tsv":
TableFormat(lineabove=None, linebelowheader=None,
linebetweenrows=None, linebelow=None,
headerrow=DataRow("", "\t", ""),
datarow=DataRow("", "\t", ""),
padding=0, with_header_hide=None),
"textile":
TableFormat(lineabove=None, linebelowheader=None,
linebetweenrows=None, linebelow=None,
headerrow=DataRow("|_. ", "|_.", "|"),
datarow=_textile_row_with_attrs,
padding=1, with_header_hide=None)}
tabulate_formats = list(sorted(_table_formats.keys()))
_invisible_codes = re.compile(r"\x1b\[\d+[;\d]*m|\x1b\[\d*\;\d*\;\d*m") # ANSI color codes
_invisible_codes_bytes = re.compile(b"\x1b\[\d+[;\d]*m|\x1b\[\d*\;\d*\;\d*m") # ANSI color codes
def simple_separated_format(separator):
"""Construct a simple TableFormat with columns separated by a separator.
>>> tsv = simple_separated_format("\\t") ; \
tabulate([["foo", 1], ["spam", 23]], tablefmt=tsv) == 'foo \\t 1\\nspam\\t23'
True
"""
return TableFormat(None, None, None, None,
headerrow=DataRow('', separator, ''),
datarow=DataRow('', separator, ''),
padding=0, with_header_hide=None)
def _isconvertible(conv, string):
try:
n = conv(string)
return True
except (ValueError, TypeError):
return False
def _isnumber(string):
"""
>>> _isnumber("123.45")
True
>>> _isnumber("123")
True
>>> _isnumber("spam")
False
"""
return _isconvertible(float, string)
def _isint(string, inttype=int):
"""
>>> _isint("123")
True
>>> _isint("123.45")
False
"""
return type(string) is inttype or\
(isinstance(string, _binary_type) or isinstance(string, _text_type))\
and\
_isconvertible(inttype, string)
def _isbool(string):
"""
>>> _isbool(True)
True
>>> _isbool("False")
True
>>> _isbool(1)
False
"""
return type(string) is _bool_type or\
(isinstance(string, (_binary_type, _text_type))\
and\
string in ("True", "False"))
def _type(string, has_invisible=True):
"""The least generic type (type(None), int, float, str, unicode).
>>> _type(None) is type(None)
True
>>> _type("foo") is type("")
True
>>> _type("1") is type(1)
True
>>> _type('\x1b[31m42\x1b[0m') is type(42)
True
>>> _type('\x1b[31m42\x1b[0m') is type(42)
True
"""
if has_invisible and \
(isinstance(string, _text_type) or isinstance(string, _binary_type)):
string = _strip_invisible(string)
if string is None:
return _none_type
elif hasattr(string, "isoformat"): # datetime.datetime, date, and time
return _text_type
elif _isbool(string):
return _bool_type
elif _isint(string):
return int
elif _isint(string, _long_type):
return int
elif _isnumber(string):
return float
elif isinstance(string, _binary_type):
return _binary_type
else:
return _text_type
def _afterpoint(string):
"""Symbols after a decimal point, -1 if the string lacks the decimal point.
>>> _afterpoint("123.45")
2
>>> _afterpoint("1001")
-1
>>> _afterpoint("eggs")
-1
>>> _afterpoint("123e45")
2
"""
if _isnumber(string):
if _isint(string):
return -1
else:
pos = string.rfind(".")
pos = string.lower().rfind("e") if pos < 0 else pos
if pos >= 0:
return len(string) - pos - 1
else:
return -1 # no point
else:
return -1 # not a number
def _padleft(width, s):
"""Flush right.
>>> _padleft(6, '\u044f\u0439\u0446\u0430') == ' \u044f\u0439\u0446\u0430'
True
"""
fmt = "{0:>%ds}" % width
return fmt.format(s)
def _padright(width, s):
"""Flush left.
>>> _padright(6, '\u044f\u0439\u0446\u0430') == '\u044f\u0439\u0446\u0430 '
True
"""
fmt = "{0:<%ds}" % width
return fmt.format(s)
def _padboth(width, s):
"""Center string.
>>> _padboth(6, '\u044f\u0439\u0446\u0430') == ' \u044f\u0439\u0446\u0430 '
True
"""
fmt = "{0:^%ds}" % width
return fmt.format(s)
def _strip_invisible(s):
"Remove invisible ANSI color codes."
if isinstance(s, _text_type):
return re.sub(_invisible_codes, "", s)
else: # a bytestring
return re.sub(_invisible_codes_bytes, "", s)
def _visible_width(s):
"""Visible width of a printed string. ANSI color codes are removed.
>>> _visible_width('\x1b[31mhello\x1b[0m'), _visible_width("world")
(5, 5)
"""
# optional wide-character support
if wcwidth is not None and WIDE_CHARS_MODE:
len_fn = wcwidth.wcswidth
else:
len_fn = len
if isinstance(s, _text_type) or isinstance(s, _binary_type):
return len_fn(_strip_invisible(s))
else:
return len_fn(_text_type(s))
def _align_column(strings, alignment, minwidth=0, has_invisible=True):
"""[string] -> [padded_string]
>>> list(map(str,_align_column(["12.345", "-1234.5", "1.23", "1234.5", "1e+234", "1.0e234"], "decimal")))
[' 12.345 ', '-1234.5 ', ' 1.23 ', ' 1234.5 ', ' 1e+234 ', ' 1.0e234']
>>> list(map(str,_align_column(['123.4', '56.7890'], None)))
['123.4', '56.7890']
"""
if alignment == "right":
strings = [s.strip() for s in strings]
padfn = _padleft
elif alignment == "center":
strings = [s.strip() for s in strings]
padfn = _padboth
elif alignment == "decimal":
if has_invisible:
decimals = [_afterpoint(_strip_invisible(s)) for s in strings]
else:
decimals = [_afterpoint(s) for s in strings]
maxdecimals = max(decimals)
strings = [s + (maxdecimals - decs) * " "
for s, decs in zip(strings, decimals)]
padfn = _padleft
elif not alignment:
return strings
else:
strings = [s.strip() for s in strings]
padfn = _padright
enable_widechars = wcwidth is not None and WIDE_CHARS_MODE
if has_invisible:
width_fn = _visible_width
elif enable_widechars: # optional wide-character support if available
width_fn = wcwidth.wcswidth
else:
width_fn = len
s_lens = list(map(len, strings))
s_widths = list(map(width_fn, strings))
maxwidth = max(max(s_widths), minwidth)
if not enable_widechars and not has_invisible:
padded_strings = [padfn(maxwidth, s) for s in strings]
else:
# enable wide-character width corrections
visible_widths = [maxwidth - (w - l) for w, l in zip(s_widths, s_lens)]
# wcswidth and _visible_width don't count invisible characters;
# padfn doesn't need to apply another correction
padded_strings = [padfn(w, s) for s, w in zip(strings, visible_widths)]
return padded_strings
def _more_generic(type1, type2):
types = { _none_type: 0, _bool_type: 1, int: 2, float: 3, _binary_type: 4, _text_type: 5 }
invtypes = { 5: _text_type, 4: _binary_type, 3: float, 2: int, 1: _bool_type, 0: _none_type }
moregeneric = max(types.get(type1, 5), types.get(type2, 5))
return invtypes[moregeneric]
def _column_type(strings, has_invisible=True):
"""The least generic type all column values are convertible to.
>>> _column_type([True, False]) is _bool_type
True
>>> _column_type(["1", "2"]) is _int_type
True
>>> _column_type(["1", "2.3"]) is _float_type
True
>>> _column_type(["1", "2.3", "four"]) is _text_type
True
>>> _column_type(["four", '\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c']) is _text_type
True
>>> _column_type([None, "brux"]) is _text_type
True
>>> _column_type([1, 2, None]) is _int_type
True
>>> import datetime as dt
>>> _column_type([dt.datetime(1991,2,19), dt.time(17,35)]) is _text_type
True
"""
types = [_type(s, has_invisible) for s in strings ]
return reduce(_more_generic, types, _bool_type)
def _format(val, valtype, floatfmt, missingval="", has_invisible=True):
"""Format a value accoding to its type.
Unicode is supported:
>>> hrow = ['\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430', '\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430'] ; \
tbl = [['\u0430\u0437', 2], ['\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438', 4]] ; \
good_result = '\\u0431\\u0443\\u043a\\u0432\\u0430 \\u0446\\u0438\\u0444\\u0440\\u0430\\n------- -------\\n\\u0430\\u0437 2\\n\\u0431\\u0443\\u043a\\u0438 4' ; \
tabulate(tbl, headers=hrow) == good_result
True
"""
if val is None:
return missingval
if valtype in [int, _text_type]:
return "{0}".format(val)
elif valtype is _binary_type:
try:
return _text_type(val, "ascii")
except TypeError:
return _text_type(val)
elif valtype is float:
is_a_colored_number = has_invisible and isinstance(val, (_text_type, _binary_type))
if is_a_colored_number:
raw_val = _strip_invisible(val)
formatted_val = format(float(raw_val), floatfmt)
return val.replace(raw_val, formatted_val)
else:
return format(float(val), floatfmt)
else:
return "{0}".format(val)
def _align_header(header, alignment, width, visible_width):
"Pad string header to width chars given known visible_width of the header."
width += len(header) - visible_width
if alignment == "left":
return _padright(width, header)
elif alignment == "center":
return _padboth(width, header)
elif not alignment:
return "{0}".format(header)
else:
return _padleft(width, header)
def _prepend_row_index(rows, index):
"""Add a left-most index column."""
if index is None or index is False:
return rows
if len(index) != len(rows):
print('index=', index)
print('rows=', rows)
raise ValueError('index must be as long as the number of data rows')
rows = [[v]+list(row) for v,row in zip(index, rows)]
return rows
def _bool(val):
"A wrapper around standard bool() which doesn't throw on NumPy arrays"
try:
return bool(val)
except ValueError: # val is likely to be a numpy array with many elements
return False
def _normalize_tabular_data(tabular_data, headers, showindex="default"):
"""Transform a supported data type to a list of lists, and a list of headers.
Supported tabular data types:
* list-of-lists or another iterable of iterables
* list of named tuples (usually used with headers="keys")
* list of dicts (usually used with headers="keys")
* list of OrderedDicts (usually used with headers="keys")
* 2D NumPy arrays
* NumPy record arrays (usually used with headers="keys")
* dict of iterables (usually used with headers="keys")
* pandas.DataFrame (usually used with headers="keys")
The first row can be used as headers if headers="firstrow",
column indices can be used as headers if headers="keys".
If showindex="default", show row indices of the pandas.DataFrame.
If showindex="always", show row indices for all types of data.
If showindex="never", don't show row indices for all types of data.
If showindex is an iterable, show its values as row indices.
"""
try:
bool(headers)
is_headers2bool_broken = False
except ValueError: # numpy.ndarray, pandas.core.index.Index, ...
is_headers2bool_broken = True
headers = list(headers)
index = None
if hasattr(tabular_data, "keys") and hasattr(tabular_data, "values"):
# dict-like and pandas.DataFrame?
if hasattr(tabular_data.values, "__call__"):
# likely a conventional dict
keys = tabular_data.keys()
rows = list(izip_longest(*tabular_data.values())) # columns have to be transposed
elif hasattr(tabular_data, "index"):
# values is a property, has .index => it's likely a pandas.DataFrame (pandas 0.11.0)
keys = list(tabular_data)
if tabular_data.index.name is not None:
if isinstance(tabular_data.index.name, list):
keys[:0] = tabular_data.index.name
else:
keys[:0] = [tabular_data.index.name]
vals = tabular_data.values # values matrix doesn't need to be transposed
# for DataFrames add an index per default
index = list(tabular_data.index)
rows = [list(row) for row in vals]
else:
raise ValueError("tabular data doesn't appear to be a dict or a DataFrame")
if headers == "keys":
headers = list(map(_text_type,keys)) # headers should be strings
else: # it's a usual an iterable of iterables, or a NumPy array
rows = list(tabular_data)
if (headers == "keys" and not rows):
# an empty table (issue #81)
headers = []
elif (headers == "keys" and
hasattr(tabular_data, "dtype") and
getattr(tabular_data.dtype, "names")):
# numpy record array
headers = tabular_data.dtype.names
elif (headers == "keys"
and len(rows) > 0
and isinstance(rows[0], tuple)
and hasattr(rows[0], "_fields")):
# namedtuple
headers = list(map(_text_type, rows[0]._fields))
elif (len(rows) > 0
and isinstance(rows[0], dict)):
# dict or OrderedDict
uniq_keys = set() # implements hashed lookup
keys = [] # storage for set
if headers == "firstrow":
firstdict = rows[0] if len(rows) > 0 else {}
keys.extend(firstdict.keys())
uniq_keys.update(keys)
rows = rows[1:]
for row in rows:
for k in row.keys():
#Save unique items in input order
if k not in uniq_keys:
keys.append(k)
uniq_keys.add(k)
if headers == 'keys':
headers = keys
elif isinstance(headers, dict):
# a dict of headers for a list of dicts
headers = [headers.get(k, k) for k in keys]
headers = list(map(_text_type, headers))
elif headers == "firstrow":
if len(rows) > 0:
headers = [firstdict.get(k, k) for k in keys]
headers = list(map(_text_type, headers))
else:
headers = []
elif headers:
raise ValueError('headers for a list of dicts is not a dict or a keyword')
rows = [[row.get(k) for k in keys] for row in rows]
elif (headers == "keys"
and hasattr(tabular_data, "description")
and hasattr(tabular_data, "fetchone")
and hasattr(tabular_data, "rowcount")):
# Python Database API cursor object (PEP 0249)
# print tabulate(cursor, headers='keys')
headers = [column[0] for column in tabular_data.description]
elif headers == "keys" and len(rows) > 0:
# keys are column indices
headers = list(map(_text_type, range(len(rows[0]))))
# take headers from the first row if necessary
if headers == "firstrow" and len(rows) > 0:
if index is not None:
headers = [index[0]] + list(rows[0])
index = index[1:]
else:
headers = rows[0]
headers = list(map(_text_type, headers)) # headers should be strings
rows = rows[1:]
headers = list(map(_text_type,headers))
rows = list(map(list,rows))
# add or remove an index column
showindex_is_a_str = type(showindex) in [_text_type, _binary_type]
if showindex == "default" and index is not None:
rows = _prepend_row_index(rows, index)
elif isinstance(showindex, Iterable) and not showindex_is_a_str:
rows = _prepend_row_index(rows, list(showindex))
elif showindex == "always" or (_bool(showindex) and not showindex_is_a_str):
if index is None:
index = list(range(len(rows)))
rows = _prepend_row_index(rows, index)
elif showindex == "never" or (not _bool(showindex) and not showindex_is_a_str):
pass
# pad with empty headers for initial columns if necessary
if headers and len(rows) > 0:
nhs = len(headers)
ncols = len(rows[0])
if nhs < ncols:
headers = [""]*(ncols - nhs) + headers
return rows, headers
def tabulate(tabular_data, headers=(), tablefmt="simple",
floatfmt="g", numalign="decimal", stralign="left",
missingval="", showindex="default"):
"""Format a fixed width table for pretty printing.
>>> print(tabulate([[1, 2.34], [-56, "8.999"], ["2", "10001"]]))
--- ---------
1 2.34
-56 8.999
2 10001
--- ---------
The first required argument (`tabular_data`) can be a
list-of-lists (or another iterable of iterables), a list of named
tuples, a dictionary of iterables, an iterable of dictionaries,
a two-dimensional NumPy array, NumPy record array, or a Pandas'
dataframe.
Table headers
-------------
To print nice column headers, supply the second argument (`headers`):
- `headers` can be an explicit list of column headers
- if `headers="firstrow"`, then the first row of data is used
- if `headers="keys"`, then dictionary keys or column indices are used
Otherwise a headerless table is produced.
If the number of headers is less than the number of columns, they
are supposed to be names of the last columns. This is consistent
with the plain-text format of R and Pandas' dataframes.
>>> print(tabulate([["sex","age"],["Alice","F",24],["Bob","M",19]],
... headers="firstrow"))
sex age
----- ----- -----
Alice F 24
Bob M 19
By default, pandas.DataFrame data have an additional column called
row index. To add a similar column to all other types of data,
use `showindex="always"` or `showindex=True`. To suppress row indices
for all types of data, pass `showindex="never" or `showindex=False`.
To add a custom row index column, pass `showindex=some_iterable`.
>>> print(tabulate([["F",24],["M",19]], showindex="always"))
- - --
0 F 24
1 M 19
- - --
Column alignment
----------------
`tabulate` tries to detect column types automatically, and aligns
the values properly. By default it aligns decimal points of the
numbers (or flushes integer numbers to the right), and flushes
everything else to the left. Possible column alignments
(`numalign`, `stralign`) are: "right", "center", "left", "decimal"
(only for `numalign`), and None (to disable alignment).
Table formats
-------------
`floatfmt` is a format specification used for columns which
contain numeric data with a decimal point.
`None` values are replaced with a `missingval` string:
>>> print(tabulate([["spam", 1, None],
... ["eggs", 42, 3.14],
... ["other", None, 2.7]], missingval="?"))
----- -- ----
spam 1 ?
eggs 42 3.14
other ? 2.7
----- -- ----
Various plain-text table formats (`tablefmt`) are supported:
'plain', 'simple', 'grid', 'pipe', 'orgtbl', 'rst', 'mediawiki',
'latex', and 'latex_booktabs'. Variable `tabulate_formats` contains the list of
currently supported formats.
"plain" format doesn't use any pseudographics to draw tables,
it separates columns with a double space:
>>> print(tabulate([["spam", 41.9999], ["eggs", "451.0"]],
... ["strings", "numbers"], "plain"))
strings numbers
spam 41.9999
eggs 451
>>> print(tabulate([["spam", 41.9999], ["eggs", "451.0"]], tablefmt="plain"))
spam 41.9999
eggs 451
"simple" format is like Pandoc simple_tables:
>>> print(tabulate([["spam", 41.9999], ["eggs", "451.0"]],
... ["strings", "numbers"], "simple"))
strings numbers
--------- ---------
spam 41.9999
eggs 451
>>> print(tabulate([["spam", 41.9999], ["eggs", "451.0"]], tablefmt="simple"))
---- --------
spam 41.9999
eggs 451
---- --------
"grid" is similar to tables produced by Emacs table.el package or
Pandoc grid_tables:
>>> print(tabulate([["spam", 41.9999], ["eggs", "451.0"]],
... ["strings", "numbers"], "grid"))
+-----------+-----------+
| strings | numbers |
+===========+===========+
| spam | 41.9999 |
+-----------+-----------+
| eggs | 451 |
+-----------+-----------+
>>> print(tabulate([["spam", 41.9999], ["eggs", "451.0"]], tablefmt="grid"))
+------+----------+
| spam | 41.9999 |
+------+----------+
| eggs | 451 |
+------+----------+
"fancy_grid" draws a grid using box-drawing characters:
>>> print(tabulate([["spam", 41.9999], ["eggs", "451.0"]],
... ["strings", "numbers"], "fancy_grid"))
╒═══════════╤═══════════╕
│ strings │ numbers │
╞═══════════╪═══════════╡
│ spam │ 41.9999 │
├───────────┼───────────┤
│ eggs │ 451 │
╘═══════════╧═══════════╛
"pipe" is like tables in PHP Markdown Extra extension or Pandoc
pipe_tables:
>>> print(tabulate([["spam", 41.9999], ["eggs", "451.0"]],
... ["strings", "numbers"], "pipe"))
| strings | numbers |
|:----------|----------:|
| spam | 41.9999 |
| eggs | 451 |