Ken Ross - Ken Ross and Paul Laughton demo the IBM 1401.ass

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Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.48,0:00:04.62,其他信息,,0,0,0,,{\pos(636,213)}1401大型机演示\N计算机历史博物馆\N加利福尼亚州山景城\N2015年10月14日
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.55,0:00:04.68,版权信息,,0,0,0,,听译/校对：某科学的小姚同志\N本片由Ken Ross提供
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.20,0:00:06.34,底部英文,,0,0,0,,My name is Ken Ross and I'm the lead demo or today
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.20,0:00:06.34,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我是主导今天演示的Ken Ross
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.42,0:00:08.78,底部英文,,0,0,0,,and this is...this is Paul Lawton
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.42,0:00:08.78,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这一位是Paul Lawton
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.84,0:00:12.80,底部英文,,0,0,0,,and he's the today he's my assistant,sometimes I'm his assistant,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.84,0:00:12.80,底部中文,,0,0,0,,他今天是我的助手 有时我也是他的助手
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.86,0:00:14.76,底部英文,,0,0,0,,but you want to say a few words about yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.86,0:00:14.76,底部中文,,0,0,0,,先让他来讲述一下自己的故事吧
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.04,0:00:16.81,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Sure,my name is Paul Lawton
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.04,0:00:16.81,底部中文,,0,0,0,,好的 我叫Paul Lawton
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.02,0:00:20.64,底部英文,,0,0,0,,and in 1965 I was attending Virginia Tech.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.02,0:00:20.64,底部中文,,0,0,0,,在1965年时 我进入弗吉尼亚理工大学学习
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.07,0:00:25.16,底部英文,,0,0,0,,At Virginia Tech I took the only course they had in computer programming.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.07,0:00:25.16,底部中文,,0,0,0,,在那里我选修了唯一的一门计算机编程课
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.29,0:00:27.14,底部英文,,0,0,0,,It was a course in Fortran.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.29,0:00:27.14,底部中文,,0,0,0,,那门课程教的是Fortran语言
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.29,0:00:27.14,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【Fortran是Formula Translation的缩写，数值计算的功能较强】
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.34,0:00:32.54,底部英文,,0,0,0,,After I did that I decided my career was going to be in computer programming.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.34,0:00:32.54,底部中文,,0,0,0,,从此我选择了计算机编程的生涯
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.54,0:00:35.71,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So I spent my entire career in computer programming,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.54,0:00:35.71,底部中文,,0,0,0,,之后我一直在干程序员这一行
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.71,0:00:39.86,底部英文,,0,0,0,,work for great companies like IBM,Apple,Logitech,Atari,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.71,0:00:39.86,底部中文,,0,0,0,,期间效力于IBM、苹果、罗技、雅达利等多家公司
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.86,0:00:45.58,底部英文,,0,0,0,,and I'm retired.Now I'm here telling you how much fun I had my career.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.86,0:00:45.58,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在我退休了 在这里为大家分享我工作之中的乐趣
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.84,0:00:46.84,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.84,0:00:46.84,底部中文,,0,0,0,,好的
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.04,0:00:52.82,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So before we start that you know welcome to that Computer History Museum 1401 demo.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.04,0:00:52.82,底部中文,,0,0,0,,开始演示之前 欢迎大家参观计算机历史博物馆的1401展区
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.04,0:00:52.82,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【“计算机历史博物馆”（Computer History Museum）位于美国硅谷】
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.82,0:01:01.62,底部英文,,0,0,0,,The 1401 was actually introduced in 1959 and it's been known maybe as the Model T Ford of computers.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.82,0:01:01.62,底部中文,,0,0,0,,1401计算机在1959年发布  被誉为计算机界的“福特T系列汽车”
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.82,0:01:01.62,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【福特T系列汽车是世界上第一种批量生产的汽车】
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.86,0:01:07.67,底部英文,,0,0,0,,By 1965 over half the computers in the world were IBM family 1401s.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.86,0:01:07.67,底部中文,,0,0,0,,到1965年 世界上超过半数的计算机都是IBM家族的1401大型机
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.67,0:01:13.14,底部英文,,0,0,0,,By the end of the 1960s,there were about fifteen thousand of them in use.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.67,0:01:13.14,底部中文,,0,0,0,,20世纪60年代末时 大概有五万台这样的机器在工作
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.14,0:01:17.66,底部英文,,0,0,0,,But before we start the demo,I'd like to take you back in time.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.14,0:01:17.66,底部中文,,0,0,0,,开始演示之前 我想带你回顾一下历史
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.37,0:01:25.40,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Back to the summer of 1962,JFK was president and the Cold War was the hot topic on the news.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.37,0:01:25.40,底部中文,,0,0,0,,1962年夏天 肯尼迪总统当政 美苏冷战还是热点新闻
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.56,0:01:28.46,底部英文,,0,0,0,,I had just finished my freshman year at MIT,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.56,0:01:28.46,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我在麻省理工学院读完大一
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.46,0:01:34.63,底部英文,,0,0,0,,and it secured a summer programming job at a mid-size department store chain in Detroit Michigan.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.46,0:01:34.63,底部中文,,0,0,0,,获得了一份为密歇根州底特律一家中等规模连锁商场编程的暑期工作
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.63,0:01:36.74,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Company was called Federal Department Stores,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.63,0:01:36.74,底部中文,,0,0,0,,那家公司叫“联邦百货商店”
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.26,0:01:43.54,底部英文,,0,0,0,,and Federal's had just installed two state-of-the-art 1401, very similar to these.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.26,0:01:43.54,底部中文,,0,0,0,,他们刚刚安装了两台先进的1401计算机 和你面前的是这些一样的
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.74,0:01:46.14,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And there are two machines in this room.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.74,0:01:46.14,底部中文,,0,0,0,,一间房子里有两台机器
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.38,0:01:49.99,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And they were going to use the computers to do basic accounting tasks,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.38,0:01:49.99,底部中文,,0,0,0,,他们使用计算机做一些基础的财会工作
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.99,0:01:54.10,底部英文,,0,0,0,,like inventory control,payroll,sales analysis.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.99,0:01:54.10,底部中文,,0,0,0,,比如说库存管理，工资清单还有销售分析
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.34,0:01:57.52,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And that's the way computers were used in the early 1960s.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.34,0:01:57.52,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这正是20世纪60年代早期计算机的用武之地
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.56,0:02:01.46,底部英文,,0,0,0,,There was no interaction,online ordering,anything like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.56,0:02:01.46,底部中文,,0,0,0,,那时还没有网上交流，在线购物之类的应用
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.46,0:02:04.86,底部英文,,0,0,0,,It was all tabulating basic information.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.46,0:02:04.86,底部中文,,0,0,0,,计算机只能承担基本信息的制表工作
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.10,0:02:07.74,底部英文,,0,0,0,,In the room I worked in was very similar to this.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.10,0:02:07.74,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我工作的那间机房和这间很相似
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.78,0:02:11.39,底部英文,,0,0,0,,This represents a computer room from the 1960s.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.78,0:02:11.39,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这就是一个典型的上世纪60年代的机房
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.39,0:02:16.42,底部英文,,0,0,0,,You can hear the loud air-conditioning because these computers put out a lot of heat.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.39,0:02:16.42,底部中文,,0,0,0,,计算机发热量很大 空调声振耳欲聋
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.42,0:02:18.20,底部英文,,0,0,0,,You're standing on a raised floor,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.42,0:02:18.20,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你站在这种高架地板上
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.42,0:02:18.20,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【高架地板就是现代机房中使用的架空防静电地板，下部形成的空间用于走线】
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.26,0:02:20.44,底部英文,,0,0,0,,and we'll explain and show you why.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.26,0:02:20.44,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我一会儿再向你解释原因
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.56,0:02:23.17,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And I guess there's a little bit of smell of oil
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.56,0:02:23.17,底部中文,,0,0,0,,或许还充斥着一点机油味
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.17,0:02:27.36,底部英文,,0,0,0,,because all these machines are very mechanical as well as electronic.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.17,0:02:27.36,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这是因为所有这些机器都是机电一体化产品
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.80,0:02:31.72,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So in the middle of the room that I work for two 1401s,you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.80,0:02:31.72,底部中文,,0,0,0,,在房间的中部我操作着两台1401计算机
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.80,0:02:33.56,底部英文,,0,0,0,,this is the Card Reader-Card Puncher.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.80,0:02:33.56,底部中文,,0,0,0,,如你所见 这是穿孔卡片阅读-打孔机
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.80,0:02:33.56,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【译者注：这里讲解员用手拍的是卡片分类机，不是穿孔卡片阅读-打孔机；穿孔卡片阅读-打孔机是打印机左侧的那台】
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.64,0:02:36.12,底部英文,,0,0,0,,This is the way information gets into the machine.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.64,0:02:36.12,底部中文,,0,0,0,,信息通过它输入到计算机中
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.46,0:02:41.52,底部英文,,0,0,0,,This is the CPU here you have a...CPU here.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.46,0:02:41.52,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这是中央处理单元（CPU）
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.52,0:02:47.27,底部英文,,0,0,0,,...the control panel and we actually interact with these machines physically back in those days,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.52,0:02:47.27,底部中文,,0,0,0,,上面有控制面板 当年我们一般通过物理方式和计算机交互
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.52,0:02:47.27,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【“物理方式”指按钮、开关和指示灯】
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.42,0:02:48.60,底部英文,,0,0,0,,not like we do today.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.42,0:02:48.60,底部中文,,0,0,0,,和现在（通过软件）大不相同
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.64,0:02:50.06,底部英文,,0,0,0,,We have all these switches.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.64,0:02:50.06,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这里全都是开关
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.32,0:02:54.16,底部英文,,0,0,0,,This is the 1403 printer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.32,0:02:54.16,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这个是1403型打印机
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.30,0:02:56.86,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And it was the most advanced printer of its time
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.30,0:02:56.86,底部中文,,0,0,0,,它在当时是最先进的打印机了
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.92,0:02:58.08,底部英文,,0,0,0,,and we're going to be showing you that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.92,0:02:58.08,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们稍后将为你展示
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.14,0:03:02.35,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And last but not least are these 729 tape drives.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.14,0:03:02.35,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这几台IBM 729磁带机也很重要
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.14,0:03:02.35,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【IBM早期磁带机使用“7轨磁带”，其中6个轨道用于数据记录，1个轨道用于奇偶校验】
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.14,0:03:02.35,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【磁带机是高速外围设备，而卡片阅读-打孔机是低速外围设备，两种设备都可以作为输入/输出设备，信息可以在其间互传】
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.35,0:03:06.44,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And again we're going to be demoing all these and telling you more about them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.35,0:03:06.44,底部中文,,0,0,0,,等会儿我们再演示并作详细介绍
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.70,0:03:09.26,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Oop...he just started them up.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.70,0:03:09.26,底部中文,,0,0,0,,唔 他把它们启动了
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.50,0:03:16.64,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Emm...but the...in addition...in addition to just a computer,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.50,0:03:16.64,底部中文,,0,0,0,,因此我们看到这台计算机本身
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.72,0:03:19.60,底部英文,,0,0,0,,there were a lot of other machines that were really needed to run job.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.72,0:03:19.60,底部中文,,0,0,0,,需要外围许多其他机器的辅助才能正常工作
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.64,0:03:24.80,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So it went into the room where I worked there were about 20 key bunch machines that are like these.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.64,0:03:24.80,底部中文,,0,0,0,,走进我工作的房间 有二十台像这样的键盘卡片打孔机
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.60,0:03:29.02,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Er...women were sitting them with stacks of paper.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.60,0:03:29.02,底部中文,,0,0,0,,呃 女打字员拿着成叠的纸张坐在机器前
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.08,0:03:32.53,底部英文,,0,0,0,,They would be timesheets,sales tickets or inventory control tags.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.08,0:03:32.53,底部中文,,0,0,0,,纸张通常是工时单，销售发票或者库存管理标签
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.53,0:03:35.01,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And of course back in the early 1960s,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.53,0:03:35.01,底部中文,,0,0,0,,当然在上世纪60年代早期
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.01,0:03:37.91,底部英文,,0,0,0,,women did basically all of the key punching.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.01,0:03:37.91,底部中文,,0,0,0,,键盘打孔的工作通常都是由女性完成的
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.01,0:03:37.91,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【这是因为键盘打孔的工作需要细心和耐心】
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.91,0:03:41.68,底部英文,,0,0,0,,In addition to that key punching,there's these other ancillary machines.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.91,0:03:41.68,底部中文,,0,0,0,,除了键盘打孔机外 还有一些别的辅助设备
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.91,0:03:41.68,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【“制表机”和“穿孔卡片”相伴而生，由霍尔瑞斯发明，用于解决人口普查问题】\N【穿孔卡片类似于今天的“机读卡”，一张穿孔卡片对应一个人，分栏记录其多种信息】\N【制表机最重要的功能就是对卡片各栏各选项的计数功能，这是人口普查中最核心的工作】
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.74,0:03:46.06,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So we have the unit record equipment you want to that...that would...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.74,0:03:46.06,底部中文,,0,0,0,,以更早的单元记录设备为例……
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.74,0:03:46.06,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【“单元记录设备”是改良的制表机，包括了卡片打孔器、阅读器和分类器，是IBM 1401计算机的祖先】
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.74,0:03:46.06,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【“制表机”和“单元记录设备”促成了IBM公司的成立，详情请见风车大大的AV12020182，AV14727420和AV14941579】
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.06,0:03:49.90,底部英文,,0,0,0,,You need to collate,sort,tabulate,interpret
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.06,0:03:49.90,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们还需要完成整理、分类、打孔制表和翻译等其他工作
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.06,0:03:49.90,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【“翻译”是指将统计结果转换为方便人们阅读的形式】
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.99,0:03:53.83,底部英文,,0,0,0,,and they were run to put these plug boards
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.99,0:03:53.83,底部中文,,0,0,0,,完成这些需要这个叫插接版的东西
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.10,0:03:58.04,底部英文,,0,0,0,,or the programs for this unit record equipment.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.10,0:03:58.04,底部中文,,0,0,0,,上面就是单元记录设备的“程序”
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.10,0:03:58.04,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【这里的“程序”是通过硬连线实现的组合逻辑，用来使机器适应不同的统计任务】
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.72,0:04:03.68,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Emm...these...this is a program I...I don't have any idea what it does,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.72,0:04:03.68,底部中文,,0,0,0,,呃 这上面就有个“程序” 但我不知道是做什么用的
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.76,0:04:07.04,底部英文,,0,0,0,,but it would typically read an 80 column punch card
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.76,0:04:07.04,底部中文,,0,0,0,,但一般都是用来读取80栏穿孔卡片
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.18,0:04:14.07,底部英文,,0,0,0,,and might tabulate a field of numbers it might print or interpret or do something like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.18,0:04:14.07,底部中文,,0,0,0,,或许还可以完成统计出一些数字然后将它们打印或翻译出来这类的工作
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.18,0:04:14.07,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【IBM研发1401的目的就是取代单元记录设备，实现数据处理的进一步电子化】
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.07,0:04:20.32,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So...so the program library before our computer was racks full of these cards.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.07,0:04:20.32,底部中文,,0,0,0,,因此 我们计算机前的“程序库”其实就是放满了这些卡的架子
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.32,0:04:27.30,底部英文,,0,0,0,,My favorite machine which...which we used a lot of which is the...(Someone interrupts)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.32,0:04:27.30,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们经常使用的机器里我最喜欢的一台是……（这里有人打断了讲话）
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.06,0:04:32.96,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So that when you're processing punch cards everything needed to be sorted.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.06,0:04:32.96,底部中文,,0,0,0,,话说回来 当你处理穿孔卡片上的数据之前需要先对卡片进行分类
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.96,0:04:37.33,底部英文,,0,0,0,,If you're doing payroll you typically sort by social security number or Department.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.96,0:04:37.33,底部中文,,0,0,0,,当处理工资清单时 通常是依据社会保障号码或部门进行分类
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.96,0:04:37.33,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【社会保障号码是美国人出生时得到的正式身份号码】
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.33,0:04:40.94,底部英文,,0,0,0,,If you're doing sales analysis you might sort by product ID.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.33,0:04:40.94,底部中文,,0,0,0,,当做销售分析时 可能就根据产品序列号进行分类
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.16,0:04:46.64,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And we all got very familiar with the process of sorting cards.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.16,0:04:46.64,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们对卡片分类的过程都非常熟悉了
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.64,0:04:49.68,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Ken:Paul you want... Paul:to sort first? Ken:Huh...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.64,0:04:49.68,底部中文,,0,0,0,,Ken：Paul你来…… Paul：先来演示一下分类吗？ Ken：呃……
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.68,0:04:51.76,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Paul:Got a sort? Ken:Sort!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.68,0:04:51.76,底部中文,,0,0,0,,Paul：分下类吗？ Ken：好，分类！
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.76,0:04:57.66,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So basically this machine can sort on one column of an 80 column card.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.76,0:04:57.66,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这台机器基本上是依据80栏穿孔卡片中的某一栏进行分类的
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.52,0:05:04.18,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And there's a little setting here to tell us which column we're going to sort on.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.52,0:05:04.18,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这儿有个用来设置的小东西 可以选择依据哪一栏来分类
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.18,0:05:10.78,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So it reads the information in the column and pumps it into the appropriate a slot here.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.18,0:05:10.78,底部中文,,0,0,0,,机器可以读取选中那一栏的内容并根据它将卡片送到相应的槽中
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.18,0:05:10.78,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【好比如今的光电机读答题卡，比如选中的栏为第14题，分类机分别将第14题选中A、B、C、D的卡送到四个对应的卡槽里】
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.01,0:05:12.16,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So,here we go!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.01,0:05:12.16,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在可以开始了！
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.82,0:05:19.78,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So you can see it's reading them and dropping them into the proper sort.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.82,0:05:19.78,底部中文,,0,0,0,,可以观察到机器会读取卡片信息并将它们送到相应的分类中
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.96,0:05:23.06,底部英文,,0,0,0,,It's doing that at a thousand cards a minute.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.96,0:05:23.06,底部中文,,0,0,0,,分类的速度是每分钟1000张卡片
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.06,0:05:26.52,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now back in the year when this machine was used,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.06,0:05:26.52,底部中文,,0,0,0,,回想这台机器被使用的那个年代
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.00,0:05:30.81,底部英文,,0,0,0,,there might be...Oh,let's say you're doing some security numbers.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.00,0:05:30.81,底部中文,,0,0,0,,或许是……就以处理社会保险帐号为例
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.81,0:05:34.63,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now,since you're doing one column at a time,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.81,0:05:34.63,底部中文,,0,0,0,,由于机器一次只能处理一栏
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.63,0:05:36.78,底部英文,,0,0,0,,how many sorts would that take?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.63,0:05:36.78,底部中文,,0,0,0,,请问需要分类几次呢？
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.51,0:05:38.60,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Nine... right?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.51,0:05:38.60,底部中文,,0,0,0,,是九次，对吗？
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.51,0:05:38.60,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【美国的社会保险账号有九位数】
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.60,0:05:43.47,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now suppose you were the IRS and you had 200 million customers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.60,0:05:43.47,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在假设你是有两亿名客户的美国国家税务局
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.47,0:05:46.71,底部英文,,0,0,0,,and you had to sort it on all the social security numbers.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.47,0:05:46.71,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你需要根据社会保险账号对客户的卡片进行分类
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.71,0:05:50.83,底部英文,,0,0,0,,You can imagine how many machines it would take, how many people would take.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.71,0:05:50.83,底部中文,,0,0,0,,不难想象出需要占用多少台机器 雇佣多少人才能完成这个工作
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.83,0:05:53.96,底部英文,,0,0,0,,That was really full employment back in the day.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.83,0:05:53.96,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这在当年绝对要耗费不少人力资源
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.36,0:05:59.34,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now,once you sort on one column, in order to maintain the sort,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.36,0:05:59.34,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这台机器帮你分好了一栏 为了继续进行二次分类
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.40,0:06:02.44,底部英文,,0,0,0,,you have to take these cards out in a very special way.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.40,0:06:02.44,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你需要用一种特殊的方式取出这些卡片
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.98,0:06:12.98,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And I've got this sort and if I wanted to do the next column,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.98,0:06:12.98,底部中文,,0,0,0,,本次分类就完成了 如果你想分类下一栏
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.06,0:06:16.92,底部英文,,0,0,0,,I'd move the pointer over and sort them again.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.06,0:06:16.92,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我需要移动这个游标并重新分类
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.08,0:06:19.64,底部英文,,0,0,0,,We're not going to do that but that's the way it works.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.08,0:06:19.64,底部中文,,0,0,0,,接下来的工作是类似的 我就不演示了
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.80,0:06:20.50,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.80,0:06:20.50,底部中文,,0,0,0,,好的 感谢
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.56,0:06:23.54,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So yeah,we all got very familiar with managing large decks of cards.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.56,0:06:23.54,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在大家都应该对管理海量卡片的方法非常熟悉了
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.64,0:06:25.56,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And for those of you that are programmers,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.64,0:06:25.56,底部中文,,0,0,0,,然而对于程序员来说
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.66,0:06:28.05,底部英文,,0,0,0,,programmers were written on these decks of cards.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.66,0:06:28.05,底部中文,,0,0,0,,程序员的工作就是编写这海量的卡片
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.05,0:06:30.84,底部英文,,0,0,0,,How many of your programmers in this room? Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.05,0:06:30.84,底部中文,,0,0,0,,在场有多少朋友是程序员？好
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.90,0:06:35.84,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So if you were a good programmer,I was,but sure Paul,emm...
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.90,0:06:35.84,底部中文,,0,0,0,,如果你是一名像我和Paul这样的还不错的程序员
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.84,0:06:39.84,底部英文,,0,0,0,,that you'd make sure you kept sequence numbers in the last five columns of the cards
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.84,0:06:39.84,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你就应该保证卡片的最后五栏是卡片的顺序编号
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.94,0:06:41.13,底部英文,,0,0,0,,in case the deck got dropped,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.94,0:06:41.13,底部中文,,0,0,0,,万一不小心打翻了桌子
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.13,0:06:44.71,底部英文,,0,0,0,,and you need to sort your program back into the original sequence.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.13,0:06:44.71,底部中文,,0,0,0,,就能通过分类排序使程序卡片恢复原来的顺序
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.71,0:06:51.68,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So just continuing on with a narrative IBM actually began the development of the 1401 in 1957.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.71,0:06:51.68,底部中文,,0,0,0,,传奇的IBM实际上在1957年就开始1401机的研发工作了
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.68,0:06:56.88,底部英文,,0,0,0,,The goal was to create an entry level machine that rented for about $2,500 a month.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.68,0:06:56.88,底部中文,,0,0,0,,他们的目标是推出一台每月租金2500美元的入门级机器
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.88,0:06:59.80,底部英文,,0,0,0,,That's about $15,000 a month in today's dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.88,0:06:59.80,底部中文,,0,0,0,,放在今天大概是每月15000美元
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.00,0:07:02.25,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And the reason for the $2,500 a month is that
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.00,0:07:02.25,底部中文,,0,0,0,,之所以每月会产生2500美元的租金
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.25,0:07:05.44,底部英文,,0,0,0,,it was sort of the average that people used to pay
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.25,0:07:05.44,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我这里说的是客户支付的平均价格
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.44,0:07:08.78,底部英文,,0,0,0,,to rent all these old card accounting machines.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.44,0:07:08.78,底部中文,,0,0,0,,租下这些老爷卡片财务机器
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.86,0:07:12.40,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Emm..the...for the rental price.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.86,0:07:12.40,底部中文,,0,0,0,,没错 是租赁的价格
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.48,0:07:14.08,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And people rented the computers back then,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.48,0:07:14.08,底部中文,,0,0,0,,是因为那时人们仅仅租下计算机
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.14,0:07:15.90,底部英文,,0,0,0,,they didn't really buy them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.14,0:07:15.90,底部中文,,0,0,0,,而没有将它们买下来
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.90,0:07:19.13,底部英文,,0,0,0,,You had your IBM reps.You had a month-to-month bill.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.90,0:07:19.13,底部中文,,0,0,0,,每个公司会配有IBM的推销员 公司的账单是按月结算的
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.13,0:07:21.18,底部英文,,0,0,0,,You could...you could upgrade your computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.13,0:07:21.18,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你可以选择升级计算机
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.26,0:07:22.83,底部英文,,0,0,0,,You could downgrade your computer,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.26,0:07:22.83,底部中文,,0,0,0,,也可以选择降级计算机
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.83,0:07:26.46,底部英文,,0,0,0,,if you...if you decided that you wanted a hardware multiply/divide
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.83,0:07:26.46,底部中文,,0,0,0,,有时候你还需要硬件乘法/除法器
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.46,0:07:28.58,底部英文,,0,0,0,,which happens to be an option on this machine.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.46,0:07:28.58,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这在这台机器上是选装配件
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.74,0:07:33.40,底部英文,,0,0,0,,You call up your IBM rep.They bring out a few of these cards then put them in.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.74,0:07:33.40,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这时你可以给你的IBM推销员打电话 他们就会派人送来这些扩展卡并帮你装上
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.40,0:07:37.26,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And lo and behold,your monthly bill would go up by a few hundred bucks a month.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.40,0:07:37.26,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你瞧 你的每月账单就会增加几百美元
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.31,0:07:41.66,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So IBM was actually able to achieve the cost and reliability goals
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.31,0:07:41.66,底部中文,,0,0,0,,IBM取得了高收益不说 用户还会觉得它非常可靠
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.78,0:07:44.76,底部英文,,0,0,0,,by incorporating the solid-state modules you want...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.78,0:07:44.76,底部中文,,0,0,0,,依靠这种加装你需要的晶体管模块的服务
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.76,0:07:54.11,底部英文,,0,0,0,,These...these solid-state cards...pass these around here...emm...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.76,0:07:54.11,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这就是晶体管扩展卡 大家可以传着看看
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.82,0:08:02.02,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Each of these...each of these cards has a few transistors on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.82,0:08:02.02,底部中文,,0,0,0,,每一张卡上只有几个晶体管
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.14,0:08:03.36,底部英文,,0,0,0,,I'm not an engineer.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.14,0:08:03.36,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我不是工程师
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.42,0:08:06.15,底部英文,,0,0,0,,This card has...it looks like six transistors.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.42,0:08:06.15,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这张卡看上去……好像有六个晶体管
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.15,0:08:09.39,底部英文,,0,0,0,,There's about 3,000 of these things in each 1401.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.15,0:08:09.39,底部中文,,0,0,0,,在每台1401机里有大概3000个这种东西
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.39,0:08:15.12,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And as you're well aware,a modern chip would have a billion transistors in it or probably more.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.39,0:08:15.12,底部中文,,0,0,0,,和你想的一样 一片现代芯片里有十亿或更多个晶体管
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.38,0:08:20.05,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So this wasn't very advanced but the machines were very reliable.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.38,0:08:20.05,底部中文,,0,0,0,,因此这台机器不是非常先进 但却无比可靠
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.05,0:08:23.84,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Amazingly,so in here you want to...
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.05,0:08:23.84,底部中文,,0,0,0,,很让人惊奇不是吗？
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.84,0:08:28.00,底部英文,,0,0,0,,In addition to the solid-state cards,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.84,0:08:28.00,底部中文,,0,0,0,,除了这些晶体管卡之外
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.00,0:08:32.85,底部英文,,0,0,0,,IBM incorporated and as I said earlier state-of-the-art 1403 printer.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.00,0:08:32.85,底部中文,,0,0,0,,IBM还提供了我之前说的先进的1403打印机服务
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.85,0:08:35.51,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And we're going to demos...demonstrate later,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.85,0:08:35.51,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们打算稍后展示
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.51,0:08:38.00,底部英文,,0,0,0,,why this was the most advanced printer on the market.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.51,0:08:38.00,底部中文,,0,0,0,,并为大家解释为什么是当时业界最先进的
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.00,0:08:40.70,底部英文,,0,0,0,,But just take my word for it that it was.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.00,0:08:40.70,底部中文,,0,0,0,,大家对这一点有个印象就可以了
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.84,0:08:47.50,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now,IBM shipped the first 1401 the Time Life in 1960.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.84,0:08:47.50,底部中文,,0,0,0,,在1960年 IBM把第一台第一台1401机卖给了Time Life
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.84,0:08:47.50,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【Time Life是时代公司Time Inc.旗下的子公司，《时代周刊》（Time）的缔造者】\N【1990年该公司随其直属母公司Direct Holdings Global LLC交由时代华纳Time-Warner公司管理】
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.64,0:08:51.66,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And at that time,time life had 40 million punch cards,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.64,0:08:51.66,底部中文,,0,0,0,,在那时 Time Life有四千万张穿孔卡片
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.74,0:08:58.90,底部英文,,0,0,0,,40 million punchcards that it used to keep track of its accounting information and its mailing with information.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.74,0:08:58.90,底部中文,,0,0,0,,四千万张穿孔卡片都被用作保存记账信息和联络信息了
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.90,0:09:02.86,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And to give you a sense for that forty million,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.90,0:09:02.86,底部中文,,0,0,0,,为了让你对这四千万张穿孔卡片产生一个直观印象
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.86,0:09:06.15,底部英文,,0,0,0,,this standard box of punch cards is two thousand cards.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.86,0:09:06.15,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这个标准的存放穿孔卡片的纸盒里有两千张卡片
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.15,0:09:11.08,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So 40 million punch cards is about twenty thousand boxes of cards
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.15,0:09:11.08,底部中文,,0,0,0,,因此四千万张穿孔卡片要装满两万个这种盒子
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.08,0:09:15.61,底部英文,,0,0,0,,which actually I computed to be a stack about seven miles high.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.08,0:09:15.61,底部中文,,0,0,0,,叠放起来我计算了下需要七英里（约合11.27千米）
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.61,0:09:18.23,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So it's a lot of...a lot of punch cards.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.61,0:09:18.23,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这实在是有很多穿孔卡片了
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.23,0:09:21.10,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now with the advent of magnetic tape like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.23,0:09:21.10,底部中文,,0,0,0,,在这种磁带发明以后
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.18,0:09:25.26,底部英文,,0,0,0,,it really changed the way companies could process larger volumes of data.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.18,0:09:25.26,底部中文,,0,0,0,,公司存储海量数据的方式也随之改变
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.26,0:09:31.98,底部英文,,0,0,0,,This reel of magnetic tape contains...can contain about between 50,000 and 200,000 cards.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.26,0:09:31.98,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这一卷磁带能存储大概五万到二十万张穿孔卡片的信息
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.04,0:09:39.31,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So Time Life's entire inventory of information could be contained on a couple of hundred reels of tape。
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.04,0:09:39.31,底部中文,,0,0,0,,也就是说Time Life公司的全部库存信息可以放在几百卷磁带中
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.31,0:09:42.62,底部英文,,0,0,0,,But of course,in addition to the couple of hundred reels of tape,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.31,0:09:42.62,底部中文,,0,0,0,,当然除了这几百卷磁带以外
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.62,0:09:48.18,底部英文,,0,0,0,,you probably needed another couple of hundred reels of tape as backup probably off-site.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.62,0:09:48.18,底部中文,,0,0,0,,或许还需要另外几百卷磁带作为异地备份
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.32,0:09:55.75,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now,if you think about it,we have...we have 40 million punch cards,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.32,0:09:55.75,底部中文,,0,0,0,,想象一下 我们有四千万张穿孔卡片
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.75,0:09:59.66,底部英文,,0,0,0,,each card has 80 characters of information on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.75,0:09:59.66,底部中文,,0,0,0,,每张卡片能存放80个字符的信息
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.78,0:10:02.41,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And your put your good mathematician,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.78,0:10:02.41,底部中文,,0,0,0,,运用一下你的数学思维
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.41,0:10:05.83,底部英文,,0,0,0,,how many total characters of information is that represent?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.41,0:10:05.83,底部中文,,0,0,0,,那意味着总共多少字符的数据呢？
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.83,0:10:07.00,底部英文,,0,0,0,,A few gigabytes.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.83,0:10:07.00,底部中文,,0,0,0,,几个GB
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.00,0:10:10.10,底部英文,,0,0,0,,A few gigabytes.It's actually 3.2 gigabytes.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.00,0:10:10.10,底部中文,,0,0,0,,是几个GB 准确地说是3.2GB
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.10,0:10:16.80,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So you can store all of that information on this actually...obsolete four gigabyte thumb drive.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.10,0:10:16.80,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在你用一个这样的过时4GB U盘就能够存储这所有信息
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.80,0:10:25.64,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And it really illustrates the way Moore's Law has come...has applied the storage as well as computation.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.80,0:10:25.64,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这再次印证了摩尔定律在存储容量和计算力上的预测生效了
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.80,0:10:25.64,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【摩尔定律：当价格不变时，集成电路上可容纳的元器件的数目，约每隔18-24个月便会增加一倍，性能也将提升一倍】
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.98,0:10:32.00,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Emm,and last before we actually get into running with the the programs,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.98,0:10:32.00,底部中文,,0,0,0,,最后在我们进行程序运行演示之前
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.06,0:10:34.65,底部英文,,0,0,0,,I'd like to talk about the processor a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.06,0:10:34.65,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我还想简单谈一谈这台机器的处理器
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.65,0:10:39.00,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So the 1401 stored information in BCD,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.65,0:10:39.00,底部中文,,0,0,0,,1401机器是利用BCD码存储信息的
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.04,0:10:42.27,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Binary Coded Decimal,character by character.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.04,0:10:42.27,底部中文,,0,0,0,,也就是逐字用二进制编码表示的十进制
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.04,0:10:42.27,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【BCD码是用二进制来表示十进制的一种编码，4个二进制位表示一个十六进制数，但只有0-9有效，A-F无效】
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.04,0:10:42.27,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【BCD码运算后结果超出了9，需要调整才能修正为正确的BCD码，经典8086处理器就有相关的汇编指令如DAA和DAS】
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.27,0:10:46.47,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Each character position has six bits of information.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.27,0:10:46.47,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们用六个二进制位表示一个字
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.27,0:10:46.47,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【一个“字”表示键盘卡片打孔机上的一个键】
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.27,0:10:46.47,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【六个二进制位指A B 8 4 2 1；A与B无效时8 4 2 1表示数字；A和B有效时表示键盘分区，结合8 4 2 1的组合表示大写字母】
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.47,0:10:49.18,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So there are no lower case,just upper case.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.47,0:10:49.18,底部中文,,0,0,0,,因此没有小写字母 只有大写字母
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.42,0:10:51.60,底部英文,,0,0,0,,One word mark bit and one parity bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.42,0:10:51.60,底部中文,,0,0,0,,除此之外还有一个字标记位和一个奇偶校验位
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.42,0:10:51.60,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【1的个数为奇数称之为奇校验，反之为偶校验】
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.60,0:10:56.02,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And information was stored in variable length fields.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.60,0:10:56.02,底部中文,,0,0,0,,信息以可变长度的形式存储
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.08,0:10:59.56,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So if you wanted to store a 20 digit number,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.08,0:10:59.56,底部中文,,0,0,0,,也就是说如果想要存储一个20位的数字
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.64,0:11:03.52,底部英文,,0,0,0,,You could store a 20 digit number and it was delimited by the word mark bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.64,0:11:03.52,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你可以直接连续存放这20个数字 并在后面跟一个字标记位表示数据的终结
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.56,0:11:06.98,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So,you know,if you would address the low-order position
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.56,0:11:06.98,底部中文,,0,0,0,,如果你想寻址数据的低位字节
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.06,0:11:10.08,底部英文,,0,0,0,,and the computer would read forward until it in a word mark.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.06,0:11:10.08,底部中文,,0,0,0,,计算机会持续读取数据 直到遇到了字标记位才会停下来
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.08,0:11:14.76,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So that's a lot different than a modern computer which would have a 64-bit register.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.08,0:11:14.76,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这与具有64位寄存器的现代计算机有着很大的不同
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.00,0:11:20.00,底部英文,,0,0,0,,You can store 200 character strings,20 character numbers...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.00,0:11:20.00,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你可以一次性存放具有200字的字符串 也可以存放只有20位的数字
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.00,0:11:28.06,底部英文,,0,0,0,,The cycle time on this machine is 87,000,right,87k cycle time.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.00,0:11:28.06,底部中文,,0,0,0,,机器的时钟速度是每秒87000个机器周期
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.10,0:11:31.87,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And to add two ten digit numbers took about a half of a millisecond.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.10,0:11:31.87,底部中文,,0,0,0,,将两个十位数相加耗费约0.5毫秒
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.87,0:11:36.18,底部英文,,0,0,0,,The other thing that's important as information was stored in core memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.87,0:11:36.18,底部中文,,0,0,0,,另一个重要的信息点是信息存储在磁芯存储器中
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.87,0:11:36.18,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【磁芯存储器作为机器的内存】
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.60,0:11:43.14,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So...you wanna...you want...you got that one.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.60,0:11:43.14,底部中文,,0,0,0,,所以……你来展示那一个
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.24,0:11:53.76,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So...core memory are little teeny donuts...magnetic iron donuts, with an X two wires that go between.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.24,0:11:53.76,底部中文,,0,0,0,,所谓磁芯存储的关键是这些有磁性的小圆环 中间有两条X状交叉的导线穿过
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.24,0:11:45.65,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【这些小磁环组成阵列，每个磁环用不同的内磁场方向表示1或0；环状使其不能形成裸露的磁极，防止相互干扰】 \N【磁环的磁滞曲线是方形的，较小的电流就可以为其充磁，且磁性不易失去】
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.85,0:11:47.55,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【磁环45度斜放，两条导线成十字或X状穿过磁环，用于寻址磁环并改变磁环中的磁场方向】\N【两线中的各一半的电流产生的磁场矢量叠加恰能磁化小磁环，电流方向决定磁化方向；这种方法被称为“电流重合法”】
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.75,0:11:49.02,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【另有一条检测线蛇形穿过所有磁环，检测数据时利用十字线寻址并加已知方向的电流】\N【根据磁环中磁场方向的不同，使得磁环磁感应强度发生或不发生突变，从而在感应线中产生或不产生感应电流】
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.09,0:11:52.82,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【这种通过写入来得到感应电流读取数据的方式会破坏数据本身，因此读取完成后要立刻回写】
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.19,0:11:55.56,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【有时还会有一条禁止线蛇形穿过所有磁环，禁止线通入一定的电流，抵消一部分交叉写入线产生的磁场，使得无法写入】
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.76,0:11:57.46,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And this is just a representation...my hands here...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.76,0:11:57.46,底部中文,,0,0,0,,描述起来就是这样……这个先给我……
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.56,0:12:04.94,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Emm...this box here actually has eight character...has 140 characters of core memory on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.56,0:12:04.94,底部中文,,0,0,0,,嗯……这个小盒子里面的磁芯有8个字……能存储140个字
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.98,0:12:07.06,底部英文,,0,0,0,,It's actually one tweet of memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.98,0:12:07.06,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这恰好是（早期）推特上一篇推文的字数限制
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.38,0:12:14.91,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And this little vial has hundreds of these little ferrite cores in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.38,0:12:14.91,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这个小瓶子里有数百个这样的微小铁氧体磁环
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.38,0:12:14.91,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【磁芯存储器在失去电源后数据不会丢失，较为可靠，写入快而读取慢，功率和产热都比较大】
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.91,0:12:21.90,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And I'll pass this around,you guys maybe can pass this around.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.91,0:12:21.90,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我会把这个传下去 你们可以传着看一看
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.04,0:12:29.40,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Interestingly enough,core memory back then was very expensive.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.04,0:12:29.40,底部中文,,0,0,0,,有意思的是 磁芯存储器在当时非常昂贵
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.40,0:12:33.50,底部英文,,0,0,0,,A character...a byte,I'll use the term although byte wasn't used back then.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.40,0:12:33.50,底部中文,,0,0,0,,一个字……或者说一个字节 虽然当时没有字节这个单位
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.40,0:12:33.50,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【一个字节是八个二进制位，之所以用它来描述一个字是因为英语中所有字母连同数字都可以表示为一个字节的ASCII码】
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.58,0:12:35.17,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Character would cost five dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.58,0:12:35.17,底部中文,,0,0,0,,存储一个字要花费5美元
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.88,0:12:40.86,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Today,that's $30...there right yes,today is $30.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.88,0:12:40.86,底部中文,,0,0,0,,换算成今天要花30美元……没错 就是30美元（约合210元）
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.86,0:12:44.12,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Okay I have a new 64 gigabyte iPhone.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.86,0:12:44.12,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在我有一台64G的iPhone手机
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.40,0:12:47.40,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Let's say 64 gigabytes times $30,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.40,0:12:47.40,底部中文,,0,0,0,,让我们算一算 64G乘每字节30美元
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.44,0:12:54.67,底部英文,,0,0,0,,about 1.8 trillion dollars of memory if I do back on to do the translation.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.44,0:12:54.67,底部中文,,0,0,0,,换算在当时要用1.8万亿美元
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.67,0:12:59.90,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So,let's see...I think that's really all for the processor.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.67,0:12:59.90,底部中文,,0,0,0,,让我想想……关于处理器的内容就介绍完了
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.67,0:12:59.90,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【IBM 1401有自己的“指令集”，其“汇编语言”称作“字符串处理系统”即Symbolic Programming System】
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.96,0:13:02.32,底部英文,,0,0,0,,I think we're ready to do a demo.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.96,0:13:02.32,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我觉得我们可以做演示了
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.42,0:13:04.78,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Where is that little core memory you have? This one?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.42,0:13:04.78,底部中文,,0,0,0,,那个磁芯存储器放哪儿了？是这个吗？
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.78,0:13:05.78,底部英文,,0,0,0,,That was a little...
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.78,0:13:05.78,底部中文,,0,0,0,,那有点儿……
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.86,0:13:07.94,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Oh...hey...the box? The tweet?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.86,0:13:07.94,底部中文,,0,0,0,,哦……嘿！是那个盒子？那个“一个推特”的盒子？
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.00,0:13:08.94,底部英文,,0,0,0,,The little box yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.00,0:13:08.94,底部中文,,0,0,0,,是那个没错
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.98,0:13:09.84,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Black one,yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.98,0:13:09.84,底部中文,,0,0,0,,黑色的吗？
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.84,0:13:10.07,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Yep!
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.84,0:13:10.07,底部中文,,0,0,0,,是的！
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.07,0:13:11.84,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Don't let it...where is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.07,0:13:11.84,底部中文,,0,0,0,,别让它……刚才传到哪儿了？
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.84,0:13:12.94,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Here,he's got it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.84,0:13:12.94,底部中文,,0,0,0,,哦 在他那儿
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.94,0:13:17.16,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Hold that up for a second,just this little one here.Let me hold it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.94,0:13:17.16,底部中文,,0,0,0,,请把它举起来一会儿 就是那个小的 还是给我吧
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.16,0:13:23.40,底部英文,,0,0,0,,This has a hundred and forty characters...of core memory,those little teeny cores.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.16,0:13:23.40,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这个磁芯存储器能存储140个字符 里面都是小磁环
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.44,0:13:25.70,底部英文,,0,0,0,,It was used as a print buffer.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.44,0:13:25.70,底部中文,,0,0,0,,它被用作打印缓冲区
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.70,0:13:29.44,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Anybody know what 140 characters is today?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.70,0:13:29.44,底部中文,,0,0,0,,有人知道140个字在今天相当于什么吗？
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.95,0:13:31.18,底部英文,,0,0,0,,One tweet！
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.95,0:13:31.18,底部中文,,0,0,0,,是一篇推特的推文！
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.32,0:13:36.41,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So we have here in my hand one tweet of old memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.32,0:13:36.41,底部中文,,0,0,0,,所以我手里拿的是能存储一片推文的古老存储器
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.41,0:13:41.40,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Okay,last but not least,because,I need you Paul.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.41,0:13:41.40,底部中文,,0,0,0,,好的 最后我需要Paul你来帮我
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.40,0:13:45.30,底部英文,,0,0,0,,This is a USB cable.Everybody see the USB cable.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.40,0:13:45.30,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这是一条USB数据线 大家应该都能看到
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.48,0:13:49.66,底部英文,,0,0,0,,You want to show them a USB cable from 1962?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.48,0:13:49.66,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你来给大家展示一下1962年的“USB数据线”吧？
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.73,0:14:00.87,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Take this and pass it around.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.73,0:14:00.87,底部中文,,0,0,0,,接好了 大家传看一下
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.87,0:14:03.93,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Yeah we're not worried about anybody walking off with that.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.87,0:14:03.93,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们并不用担心有人会把它顺走
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.93,0:14:06.88,底部英文,,0,0,0,,I think it weighs about 10 pounds.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.93,0:14:06.88,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我想它大概有10磅重（约合4.5千克）
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.88,0:14:10.20,底部英文,,0,0,0,,You can take it if you can.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.88,0:14:10.20,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你要拿得动就接着
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.20,0:14:14.42,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Okay,you want to grab a volunteer?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.20,0:14:14.42,底部中文,,0,0,0,,好的 你需要找一名志愿者吗？
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.42,0:14:18.47,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Okay,we'll basically what we're going to do next is demonstrate the key punch.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.42,0:14:18.47,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们接下来要演示键盘卡片穿孔的工作
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.47,0:14:25.77,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And in the spirit of the era that we're in the 1960s,women did all the key punching.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.47,0:14:25.77,底部中文,,0,0,0,,在20世纪60年代那个时期 键盘卡片打孔的工作都是由女士来完成的
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.77,0:14:30.30,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So I'd like a woman volunteer to come up and help me demonstrate.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.77,0:14:30.30,底部中文,,0,0,0,,所以我想请以为女士来当志愿者 帮助我完成接下来的演示
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.44,0:14:36.14,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And...Ha ha ha! You are our volunteer.Come on in.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.44,0:14:36.14,底部中文,,0,0,0,,呃……哈哈哈……你就是天选之子！请进来吧！
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.14,0:14:38.34,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Well,we'll teach you.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.14,0:14:38.34,底部中文,,0,0,0,,别紧张 我们会教你做的
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.16,0:14:43.28,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Walk over to have a seat in this chair over here.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.16,0:14:43.28,底部中文,,0,0,0,,请走到这里来 坐在这个椅子上
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.05,0:14:50.22,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Okay,now up here we have a bunch of blank cards.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.05,0:14:50.22,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在机器里面装好了一叠空白卡片
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.64,0:14:54.52,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And what we need to do is we need to feed it down into the punch station.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.64,0:14:54.52,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们需要将它输送下来进入穿孔台中
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.64,0:14:56.94,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So there's a key called "feed".
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.64,0:14:56.94,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这儿有个写着“输送(feed)”的按键
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.14,0:14:58.90,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So you press the "feed" key.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.14,0:14:58.90,底部中文,,0,0,0,,请按一下“输送”键
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.50,0:15:07.46,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Okay.Now it's down here but we still need to register it into the punch station.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.50,0:15:07.46,底部中文,,0,0,0,,好 现在卡片已经下来了 但我们还要将它卡入穿孔台中
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.62,0:15:09.23,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So hit "register".
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.62,0:15:09.23,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在按一下“记录(register)”键
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.23,0:15:14.82,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now,what I'd like you to do is type "Your First Name space Last Name".
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.23,0:15:14.82,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在请你输入“‘你的名字’空格‘你的姓氏’”
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.82,0:15:18.47,底部英文,,0,0,0,,It's all upper case and don't make a mistake.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.82,0:15:18.47,底部中文,,0,0,0,,它们全都是大写字母 小心别出错
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.47,0:15:21.37,底部英文,,0,0,0,,There's no backspace key on a key punch.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.47,0:15:21.37,底部中文,,0,0,0,,在键盘卡片穿孔机上没有退格键
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.37,0:15:22.04,底部英文,,0,0,0,,I'm sorry?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.37,0:15:22.04,底部中文,,0,0,0,,对不起 我没有听清
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.04,0:15:23.44,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Is it's all upper case there?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.04,0:15:23.44,底部中文,,0,0,0,,上面全是大写字母吗？
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.11,0:15:27.24,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Oh,it's all upper case.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.11,0:15:27.24,底部中文,,0,0,0,,是的 全都是大写字母
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.24,0:15:28.94,底部英文,,0,0,0,,There is no lower case.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.24,0:15:28.94,底部中文,,0,0,0,,上面没有小写字母
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.94,0:15:32.48,底部英文,,0,0,0,,There's only 42 possible characters that you can punch.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.94,0:15:32.48,底部中文,,0,0,0,,只有42种可用的字符以供穿孔
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.48,0:15:35.74,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Did you punch your First Name space Last...Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.48,0:15:35.74,底部中文,,0,0,0,,打好“你的名字 姓氏”……好的
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.82,0:15:38.29,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So now we hit "release".
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.82,0:15:38.29,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在我们按一下“释放(release)”键
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.06,0:15:41.68,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now remember I said don't make a mistake?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.06,0:15:41.68,底部中文,,0,0,0,,还记得我说过不要犯错吗？
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.68,0:15:45.84,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Let's suppose you got out to column 51 and you made a mistake.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.68,0:15:45.84,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在我们假设你在第51栏打错了一个字母
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.84,0:15:47.82,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Well,you got two choices.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.84,0:15:47.82,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在你有两种选择
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.90,0:15:52.40,底部英文,,0,0,0,,You can either redo the whole card or you can duplicate what you've already done.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.90,0:15:52.40,底部中文,,0,0,0,,要么选择重做整张卡片 要么选择复制完成无误的部分
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.62,0:15:54.74,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So let's simulate that.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.62,0:15:54.74,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们来模拟一下这种情形
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.90,0:16:00.98,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So hit the "feed" key again and hit the "register" key-"REG".
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.90,0:16:00.98,底部中文,,0,0,0,,先按“输送”键 再按“记录”键 就是“REG”键
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.98,0:16:05.20,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now hold down the "duplicate".
Dialogue: 0,0:16:00.98,0:16:05.20,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在按住“复制(duplicate)”键
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.20,0:16:10.98,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So what we're doing is we're reading from here and punching over here.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.20,0:16:10.98,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在机器或从这里读取信息 再向这边打孔
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.16,0:16:14.74,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now if you had made a mistake in column 51,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.16,0:16:14.74,底部中文,,0,0,0,,如果你在第51栏犯了个错误
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.74,0:16:19.02,底部英文,,0,0,0,,you could duplicate all the way out to call them 50 and then continue to type.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.74,0:16:19.02,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你就一直复制到第50栏 然后继续输入就行了
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.45,0:16:20.42,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So we're done.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.45,0:16:20.42,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这就完成了
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.42,0:16:28.20,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So hit "release"-"register"-"release" and "register".
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.42,0:16:28.20,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在按“释放”-“记录”-“释放” 再按一下“记录”键
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.94,0:16:31.56,底部英文,,0,0,0,,One thing I'll say is after we finish the demo,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.94,0:16:31.56,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我想告诉大家在我们完成演示之后
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.70,0:16:35.11,底部英文,,0,0,0,,we stay around and anybody that wants to punch their name in a card,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.70,0:16:35.11,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们会一直呆在这里 如果有人想要在卡片上打上自己的名字
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.46,0:16:38.45,底部英文,,0,0,0,,and we're going to run the "Big Print" program to print out...you can do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.46,0:16:38.45,底部中文,,0,0,0,,然后运行“大号字体打印”程序打印出来 也可以自己来尝试一下
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.45,0:16:43.51,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So,now we've given you a demonstration how this works.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.45,0:16:43.51,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们已经向大家展示了它的工作流程
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.51,0:16:45.69,底部英文,,0,0,0,,You've proved yourself competent.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.51,0:16:45.69,底部中文,,0,0,0,,恭喜你证明了自己是能胜任这个工作的
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.69,0:16:48.57,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So you can go down to our personnel department,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.69,0:16:48.57,底部中文,,0,0,0,,所以你现在可以去我们的人事部门
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.57,0:16:51.52,底部英文,,0,0,0,,get a job for 80 cents an hour.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.57,0:16:51.52,底部中文,,0,0,0,,领取一份每小时80美分的工作
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.57,0:16:51.52,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【当年80美分折合于当年的2元人民币；1960年一个中国家庭一个月大概是60-80元人民币的收入】\N【1960年的1元钱，能买到将近2斤的猪肉，约10斤白菜，10斤大米，30根冰棍，甚至还可以下馆子吃一顿丰盛的大餐】
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.52,0:16:53.68,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And here you go,Betsy.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.52,0:16:53.68,底部中文,,0,0,0,,非常感谢你 Betsy！
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.78,0:16:56.42,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And I'm going to keep this for a little while.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.78,0:16:56.42,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这张卡片我会保留一会儿再给你
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.42,0:16:58.94,底部英文,,0,0,0,,You're gonna go...run "Big Print"... Right now?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.42,0:16:58.94,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你准备运行“大号字体打印”程序……是现在吗？
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.08,0:17:01.86,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Emm...now? Yeah,sure!
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.08,0:17:01.86,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在？没错 就是现在！
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.70,0:17:04.38,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Okay,we're going to move down this way
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.70,0:17:04.38,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们把视线移动到这边
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.44,0:17:07.52,底部英文,,0,0,0,,because we're going to now be running on the German machine
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.44,0:17:07.52,底部中文,,0,0,0,,接下来的我们要启动这台德国产的机器
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.58,0:17:11.30,底部英文,,0,0,0,,which is the one that's actually operational today.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.58,0:17:11.30,底部中文,,0,0,0,,它至今仍然能够正常运行
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.06,0:17:15.84,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Yep...yeah,you got the(I can't hear clearly,sorry)...Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.06,0:17:15.84,底部中文,,0,0,0,,是的 你到……好吧
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.55,0:17:26.88,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So you...you can watch the cards go in and watch them pop out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.55,0:17:26.88,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这样你可以观察到卡片进入再弹出到这儿的过程
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.56,0:17:30.95,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Hold on a second but...
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.56,0:17:30.95,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你先稍等一下……
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.95,0:17:33.37,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Are you ready? Okay we're ready.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.95,0:17:33.37,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你准备好了吗？我准备好了
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.37,0:17:38.46,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Before I do this,I want to tell you a little bit about this...this machine.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.37,0:17:38.46,底部中文,,0,0,0,,在操作之前 我想向你补充这台机器的一些信息
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.73,0:17:43.21,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Basically this is the software.This is a program.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.73,0:17:43.21,底部中文,,0,0,0,,基本上说这就是软件 它就是程序
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.30,0:17:49.12,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And this is the only way of getting programs or data in is through this card reader.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.30,0:17:49.12,底部中文,,0,0,0,,卡片阅读机是计算机获取程序和数据的唯一渠道
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.38,0:17:53.03,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now there's no operating system in this machine.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.38,0:17:53.03,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这台计算机没有操作系统
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.03,0:17:57.31,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So everything that a program needs has to be in this deck.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.03,0:17:57.31,底部中文,,0,0,0,,因此程序所需的一切都必须放在这一叠卡片中
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.31,0:18:01.82,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now when I press the load key,it's going to read this first card in,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.31,0:18:01.82,底部中文,,0,0,0,,当我按下“载入”键时 机器会读入第一张卡片上的信息
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.00,0:18:07.12,底部英文,,0,0,0,,just the first card and it's going to transfer to the instructions on this card.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.00,0:18:07.12,底部中文,,0,0,0,,并只将第一张卡片上包含的指令传输过去
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.12,0:18:09.25,底部英文,,0,0,0,,It's called a bootstrapped card.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.12,0:18:09.25,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这张卡片被称为“启动自举”卡
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.25,0:18:15.58,底部英文,,0,0,0,,The bootstrapped card has to be responsible for reading in the rest of the program.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.25,0:18:15.58,底部中文,,0,0,0,,“启动卡”要负责读取剩下的程序
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.30,0:18:21.62,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So basically...put the cards into the reader.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.30,0:18:21.62,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们把卡片放入阅读机
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.12,0:18:27.23,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And we have this weight to weigh the cards down so they'll feed better.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.12,0:18:27.23,底部中文,,0,0,0,,然后放上配重片将卡片压紧 这让卡片更容易送入
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.23,0:18:29.78,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Then press a couple of buttons.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.23,0:18:29.78,底部中文,,0,0,0,,然后按几个按键
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.00,0:18:32.02,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And then I'm going to hit the load key.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.00,0:18:32.02,底部中文,,0,0,0,,最后我按下“载入”键
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.18,0:18:42.54,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And you can see it's reading the cards in and dropping them into a slot there.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.18,0:18:42.54,底部中文,,0,0,0,,之后你能看到机器在读卡 卡片会落入这里的槽中
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.62,0:18:47.59,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now it's read the data card.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.62,0:18:47.59,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在数据卡片也被读取了
Dialogue: 0,0:18:47.59,0:18:57.17,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Yeah...copper wire...(I can't identify what they are talking about)
Dialogue: 0,0:18:47.59,0:18:57.17,底部中文,,0,0,0,,是……铜质导线……
Dialogue: 0,0:19:02.94,0:19:08.65,底部英文,,0,0,0,,I don't know the answer to that but yeah...but...I can get...
Dialogue: 0,0:19:02.94,0:19:08.65,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我无法解答这个问题但我能找……
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.24,0:19:14.48,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Somebody will be here and I'll get the answer for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.24,0:19:14.48,底部中文,,0,0,0,,一会儿会有人来为你解答这个问题
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.48,0:19:18.40,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Okay,so that's...that's the "Big Print",you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:14.48,0:19:18.40,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这就是“大号字体打印”程序的效果
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.48,0:19:19.62,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Reading the cards in...
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.48,0:19:19.62,底部中文,,0,0,0,,读入卡片……
Dialogue: 0,0:19:20.46,0:19:23.34,底部英文,,0,0,0,,We want to talk a little bit about the printer now.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:20.46,0:19:23.34,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们现在稍微深入讲解一下打印机
Dialogue: 0,0:19:23.58,0:19:26.87,底部英文,,0,0,0,,I show everybody what we did here.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:23.58,0:19:26.87,底部中文,,0,0,0,,刚才的演示大家也看见了
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.14,0:19:33.72,底部英文,,0,0,0,,We took Betsy's card with a "First Name Last Name" and print it in a big letter(s).
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.14,0:19:33.72,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们拿到Betsy的记录有“名字 姓氏”的卡片 将上面的内容用大号字母打印了出来
Dialogue: 0,0:19:33.72,0:19:36.06,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Thus it's called "Big Print".
Dialogue: 0,0:19:33.72,0:19:36.06,底部中文,,0,0,0,,因此它被叫做“大号字体打印”程序
Dialogue: 0,0:19:36.56,0:19:38.00,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So,Betsy.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:36.56,0:19:38.00,底部中文,,0,0,0,,给你 Betsy
Dialogue: 0,0:19:38.70,0:19:44.92,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So we said it...we said earlier that this was the most advanced printer on the market
Dialogue: 0,0:19:38.70,0:19:44.92,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们之前提到过这是业界最先进的打印机
Dialogue: 0,0:19:45.00,0:19:48.18,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And I'd like to explain why.You want to hold...Oh,yep.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:45.00,0:19:48.18,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我现在解释一下原因 你帮我拿一下……哦 是的
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.94,0:19:55.30,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So all of the other printers in their early 60s were configured
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.94,0:19:55.30,底部中文,,0,0,0,,在60年代早期其他的打印机都大同小异
Dialogue: 0,0:19:55.36,0:19:58.87,底部英文,,0,0,0,,so that each print position there might be a spinning wheel with a character set
Dialogue: 0,0:19:55.36,0:19:58.87,底部中文,,0,0,0,,它们通过一个刻有各种字符的转轮来实现打印位置的移动
Dialogue: 0,0:19:58.87,0:20:00.98,底部英文,,0,0,0,,or little arms that might have gone up and down.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:58.87,0:20:00.98,底部中文,,0,0,0,,再者就是利用上下移动的小机械臂
Dialogue: 0,0:20:01.04,0:20:03.22,底部英文,,0,0,0,,But the result of that is that the printer...
Dialogue: 0,0:20:01.04,0:20:03.22,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这么做的结果就是打印机……
Dialogue: 0,0:20:03.28,0:20:07.27,底部英文,,0,0,0,,the printing that you saw from a computer was wavy.It was really awkward.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:03.28,0:20:07.27,底部中文,,0,0,0,,计算机打印的结果是起伏不平的 这有点难办
Dialogue: 0,0:20:07.27,0:20:11.62,底部英文,,0,0,0,,IBM developed the 1403 with this horizontal print chain.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:07.27,0:20:11.62,底部中文,,0,0,0,,IBM发明了1403型打印机 它装配有这种“水平打印链条”
Dialogue: 0,0:20:11.62,0:20:14.17,底部英文,,0,0,0,,You want to hold it up...yup...
Dialogue: 0,0:20:11.62,0:20:14.17,底部中文,,0,0,0,,麻烦你把它举起来给大家展示一下
Dialogue: 0,0:20:14.17,0:20:17.63,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So that...that chain spins at 90 inches a second.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:14.17,0:20:17.63,底部中文,,0,0,0,,每秒链条会转过90英寸（约2.3米）
Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.63,0:20:20.48,底部英文,,0,0,0,,It's got five copies of the character string.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.63,0:20:20.48,底部中文,,0,0,0,,也就是可以得到五份完整的字符串拷贝
Dialogue: 0,0:20:20.48,0:20:25.18,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And as you'll see and as you can see,the printing is very high-quality.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:20.48,0:20:25.18,底部中文,,0,0,0,,正如你所见 打印的质量很高
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.26,0:20:26.90,底部英文,,0,0,0,,It's very level.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.26,0:20:26.90,底部中文,,0,0,0,,字符都在一条水平线上
Dialogue: 0,0:20:27.16,0:20:34.42,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And,you know,it was very good for printing forms,paychecks and things like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:27.16,0:20:34.42,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这对于打印表格 薪水支票一类的东西来说是再好不过的了
Dialogue: 0,0:20:34.42,0:20:37.00,底部英文,,0,0,0,,We're about to crash...let's say...
Dialogue: 0,0:20:34.42,0:20:37.00,底部中文,,0,0,0,,在以往我们会搞砸……怎么说呢……
Dialogue: 0,0:20:37.58,0:20:41.30,底部英文,,0,0,0,,You want to...you want to crank up powers.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:37.58,0:20:41.30,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你要提高功率吗？
Dialogue: 0,0:20:41.75,0:20:45.98,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So...so you know and one of the experiences I remember of it
Dialogue: 0,0:20:41.75,0:20:45.98,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我和你们分享一些我记忆中那时的经历
Dialogue: 0,0:20:46.06,0:20:50.36,底部英文,,0,0,0,,is it had to do with designing a paycheck form,writing the program,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:46.06,0:20:50.36,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我先要设计薪水支票表格 之后再写程序
Dialogue: 0,0:20:50.36,0:20:55.38,底部英文,,0,0,0,,ordering like thousands of pre-printed forms that's four-part carbon paper
Dialogue: 0,0:20:50.36,0:20:55.38,底部中文,,0,0,0,,然后采购数千份预先打印好的表格 那都是有四联的复写纸
Dialogue: 0,0:20:55.38,0:21:00.60,底部英文,,0,0,0,,and worrying that my program wasn't going to align correctly with the printer.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:55.38,0:21:00.60,底部中文,,0,0,0,,最后还要担心我写的程序能不能在打印机上正确对齐
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.60,0:21:05.00,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Or when I'm loading the checks into the printer, there's a process to get them aligned.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:00.60,0:21:05.00,底部中文,,0,0,0,,当我把支票放进打印机时 有个把它们对正的流程
Dialogue: 0,0:21:05.26,0:21:08.35,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And you push the button and it starts printing lots of checks.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:05.26,0:21:08.35,底部中文,,0,0,0,,按下按钮 机器开始打印大量的支票
Dialogue: 0,0:21:08.35,0:21:12.66,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And what if you've done it wrong,you print 10,000 paychecks that are not aligned right.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:08.35,0:21:12.66,底部中文,,0,0,0,,如果你做错了 就会得到一万张文字没有对齐的薪水支票
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.90,0:21:19.80,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So...Paul...Paul is going to run a program that's going to really compute powers of two.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.90,0:21:19.80,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在Paul运行了一个计算2的幂次的程序
Dialogue: 0,0:21:19.88,0:21:24.36,底部英文,,0,0,0,,It's just going to exercise the printer but it's good.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:19.88,0:21:24.36,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这很是考验打印机 但它还吃得消
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.89,0:21:41.72,底部英文,,0,0,0,,I've lifted the sound cover on this so that you can hear the full beauty of the printer.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.89,0:21:41.72,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我抬起隔音罩以便大家更好地感受这台打印机的美
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.10,0:21:45.70,底部英文,,0,0,0,,But in reality,I'm going to put it back down now.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.10,0:21:45.70,底部中文,,0,0,0,,但在现实生产中 我还是要把它放下来的
Dialogue: 0,0:21:50.66,0:21:52.26,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Still makes a lot of noise.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:50.66,0:21:52.26,底部中文,,0,0,0,,哪怕是这样噪音都很大
Dialogue: 0,0:21:52.38,0:21:55.65,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So when you were working in a computer room in the 1960s,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:52.38,0:21:55.65,底部中文,,0,0,0,,如果你在一个20世纪60年代的机房里工作的话
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.65,0:21:57.93,底部英文,,0,0,0,,you know,two or three printers going all the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.65,0:21:57.93,底部中文,,0,0,0,,里面会有两到三台打印机同时工作
Dialogue: 0,0:21:57.93,0:21:59.74,底部英文,,0,0,0,,it was a pretty noisy place.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:57.93,0:21:59.74,底部中文,,0,0,0,,声音异常嘈杂
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.28,0:22:09.34,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Okay,so let's see,what else I was going to say about the printer...
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.28,0:22:09.34,底部中文,,0,0,0,,让我想想接下来要介绍打印机的哪个方面
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.46,0:22:12.36,底部英文,,0,0,0,,What is it? The 238...
Dialogue: 0,0:22:09.46,0:22:12.36,底部中文,,0,0,0,,是多少？是238吗？
Dialogue: 0,0:22:12.54,0:22:13.98,底部英文,,0,0,0,,328,so I think.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:12.54,0:22:13.98,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我记得是328
Dialogue: 0,0:22:14.08,0:22:18.74,底部英文,,0,0,0,,This saw...this confused to the 328 and the logic behind that is then to use...
Dialogue: 0,0:22:14.08,0:22:18.74,底部中文,,0,0,0,,它计算到2的328次方 刚才我记混了 至于为什么是这样
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.80,0:22:21.44,底部英文,,0,0,0,,This only has 132 print positions.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.80,0:22:21.44,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这是因为它只有132个打印位（即只能打印132列）
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.80,0:22:21.44,顶部注释,,0,0,0,,【据此可知他们采用的是3型的1403打印机】
Dialogue: 0,0:22:21.62,0:22:23.98,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And that's 2 to the 238.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:21.62,0:22:23.98,底部中文,,0,0,0,,那恰好是2的平方到2的238次方
Dialogue: 0,0:22:24.44,0:22:26.08,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Paul:328. Ken:328.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:24.44,0:22:26.08,底部中文,,0,0,0,,Paul：是328次方！ Ken：抱歉 是328次方
Dialogue: 0,0:22:26.44,0:22:30.10,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So the last part of the demo is that...let's talk about the tape drive.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:26.44,0:22:30.10,底部中文,,0,0,0,,在演示的最后 让我们来介绍一下磁带机
Dialogue: 0,0:22:30.16,0:22:31.98,底部英文,,0,0,0,,You want...yeah I'll start it up...you want to go.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:30.16,0:22:31.98,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你来……我来把它打开……还是你来吧
Dialogue: 0,0:22:32.04,0:22:34.68,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Okay you want to start it and talk...
Dialogue: 0,0:22:32.04,0:22:34.68,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你把它们打开然后讲解一下
Dialogue: 0,0:22:36.18,0:22:42.03,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now the tape that you're seeing spinning here is...it's mylar tape.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:36.18,0:22:42.03,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你们看到的在这里转动的是聚酯薄膜磁带
Dialogue: 0,0:22:42.32,0:22:44.18,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Remember the old VCRs?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:42.32,0:22:44.18,底部中文,,0,0,0,,还记得老式的盒式磁带录像机吗？
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.58,0:22:47.80,底部英文,,0,0,0,,This tape is very similar what was in your VCRs.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.58,0:22:47.80,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这里的磁带和你录像机里的磁带非常类似
Dialogue: 0,0:22:48.04,0:22:54.96,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now,on your VCR,the way it worked...is...move reel-to-reel.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:48.04,0:22:54.96,底部中文,,0,0,0,,在录像机中 磁带从一个轮转移到另一个轮上
Dialogue: 0,0:22:55.08,0:22:58.54,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So one reel turn and it pulled the tape across.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:55.08,0:22:58.54,底部中文,,0,0,0,,一个轮子转动 就能把磁带拉过去
Dialogue: 0,0:22:58.82,0:23:04.54,底部英文,,0,0,0,,However,on this machine,we want to start it and stop it very very quickly.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:58.82,0:23:04.54,底部中文,,0,0,0,,然而我们希望非常快速地启动和停止这台机器
Dialogue: 0,0:23:04.85,0:23:09.68,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And if we were to do that reel-to-reel,there just be too much momentum.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:04.85,0:23:09.68,底部中文,,0,0,0,,如果磁带只是直接从一个轮卷绕到另一个轮的话 磁带体的动量太大了
Dialogue: 0,0:23:09.80,0:23:12.02,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So it end up stretching the tape.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:09.80,0:23:12.02,底部中文,,0,0,0,,结果就是容易把磁带拉长 拉坏
Dialogue: 0,0:23:12.36,0:23:15.48,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So,we had this way of buffering the tape.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:12.36,0:23:15.48,底部中文,,0,0,0,,因此我们要使用一种缓冲磁带运动的办法
Dialogue: 0,0:23:15.80,0:23:20.94,底部英文,,0,0,0,,There's a motor...here that is pulling the tape across the read/write head.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:15.80,0:23:20.94,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这里是电机 它把磁带牵引通过读/写磁头
Dialogue: 0,0:23:21.30,0:23:23.26,底部英文,,0,0,0,,But it's pulling on free tape.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:21.30,0:23:23.26,底部中文,,0,0,0,,但电机只会牵拉能自由运动的磁带
Dialogue: 0,0:23:23.62,0:23:27.40,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now what's happening is we have vacuum columns here.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:23.62,0:23:27.40,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们看到在这儿有两个真空竖槽
Dialogue: 0,0:23:27.70,0:23:30.96,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And the vacuum is sucking the tape down.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:27.70,0:23:30.96,底部中文,,0,0,0,,真空会把磁带体向下吸
Dialogue: 0,0:23:31.21,0:23:35.77,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And you see there's a hole at the top, and a hole at the bottom.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:31.21,0:23:35.77,底部中文,,0,0,0,,可以发现上面这里有个小孔 底下也有一个
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.08,0:23:38.50,底部英文,,0,0,0,,But when the tape crosses one of those holes,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:36.08,0:23:38.50,底部中文,,0,0,0,,当检测到磁带通过小孔的位置时
Dialogue: 0,0:23:38.70,0:23:42.80,底部英文,,0,0,0,,it tells this reel to either feed or take up,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:38.70,0:23:42.80,底部中文,,0,0,0,,就会给转轮发送输带或收带的信号
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.24,0:23:45.18,底部英文,,0,0,0,,depending on which hole is covered.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:43.24,0:23:45.18,底部中文,,0,0,0,,具体取决于遮挡的是哪个小孔
Dialogue: 0,0:23:45.36,0:23:49.33,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So that's the way we get this to operate in this manner.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:45.36,0:23:49.33,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这就是机器的工作方式了
Dialogue: 0,0:23:49.64,0:23:54.84,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now another thing about this is that when the job is done,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:49.64,0:23:54.84,底部中文,,0,0,0,,初次之外 当磁带读写工作完成后
Dialogue: 0,0:23:55.00,0:23:57.56,底部英文,,0,0,0,,you want to be able to quickly unload the tape.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:55.00,0:23:57.56,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们希望能够快速地卸载磁带
Dialogue: 0,0:23:57.78,0:24:01.78,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And so that means we need to do what's called a "high-speed rewind".
Dialogue: 0,0:23:57.78,0:24:01.78,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这时我们要进行“高速倒带”的操作
Dialogue: 0,0:24:02.22,0:24:04.80,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And I'm going to demonstrate that.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:02.22,0:24:04.80,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我现在演示一下
Dialogue: 0,0:24:24.74,0:24:27.83,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now these are doing very high-speed rewinds.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:24.74,0:24:27.83,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在机器正在进行所谓的“高速倒带”
Dialogue: 0,0:24:27.83,0:24:33.50,底部英文,,0,0,0,,However we don't want to go at that same speed all the way off to the end of the reel.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:27.83,0:24:33.50,底部中文,,0,0,0,,然而我们也不能让它以相同的速度倒带到结束
Dialogue: 0,0:24:33.82,0:24:39.18,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So at some point it's going to stop,and go into a slow-speed rewind.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:33.82,0:24:39.18,底部中文,,0,0,0,,所以到达快要停止的某个位置时 就会自动进入“低速倒带”模式
Dialogue: 0,0:24:41.10,0:24:46.50,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Now one more thing about this tape,sometimes operators make mistakes.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:41.10,0:24:46.50,底部中文,,0,0,0,,还有一点要提 有时操作员会犯错
Dialogue: 0,0:24:46.76,0:24:49.77,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Let's suppose you had a very valuable Read-Tape,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:46.76,0:24:49.77,底部中文,,0,0,0,,现在你有一盘及其珍贵的只用来读取的磁带
Dialogue: 0,0:24:49.77,0:24:53.50,底部英文,,0,0,0,,had your data on it and then it was writing to another tape.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:49.77,0:24:53.50,底部中文,,0,0,0,,上面保存有数据 可以写到另一盘磁带上
Dialogue: 0,0:24:53.78,0:24:56.14,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Well sometimes,the operator might make a mistake.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:53.78,0:24:56.14,底部中文,,0,0,0,,有时 操作员犯了个迷糊
Dialogue: 0,0:24:56.53,0:24:59.72,底部英文,,0,0,0,,He put your valuable tape on the drive that's going to be writing.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:56.53,0:24:59.72,底部中文,,0,0,0,,他把这珍贵的磁带装在了一台即将进行写入操作的磁带机上
Dialogue: 0,0:25:00.22,0:25:02.89,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So,there's a way of protecting yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:00.22,0:25:02.89,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这时我们有一种保护策略
Dialogue: 0,0:25:02.89,0:25:07.58,底部英文,,0,0,0,,There's this ring in here,called the "right ring".
Dialogue: 0,0:25:02.89,0:25:07.58,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这里有一个圆环 叫做“权限环”
Dialogue: 0,0:25:07.74,0:25:09.52,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So...No ring,no right.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:07.74,0:25:09.52,底部中文,,0,0,0,,也就是说没有环 就没有权限（写入）
Dialogue: 0,0:25:09.88,0:25:14.22,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So if the operator happens to mount on the wrong drive,you're safe.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:09.88,0:25:14.22,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这样哪怕是操作员把它装载到错误的磁带机上 数据也是安全的
Dialogue: 0,0:25:14.74,0:25:17.66,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So,very very good idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:14.74,0:25:17.66,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这是一个非常棒的设计
Dialogue: 0,0:25:17.66,0:25:22.62,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Another interesting thing about tapes in the era.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:17.66,0:25:22.62,底部中文,,0,0,0,,那时的磁带还有一个有意思的地方
Dialogue: 0,0:25:23.01,0:25:28.90,底部英文,,0,0,0,,IBM advises their customers when you're creating a valuable tape,make two copies of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:23.01,0:25:28.90,底部中文,,0,0,0,,IBM建议他们的用户 制作珍贵磁带的同时为其制作两份拷贝
Dialogue: 0,0:25:29.24,0:25:31.64,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Why would they do that?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:29.24,0:25:31.64,底部中文,,0,0,0,,为什么要这样做呢？
Dialogue: 0,0:25:32.18,0:25:34.76,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Backup.And why two backups?
Dialogue: 0,0:25:32.18,0:25:34.76,底部中文,,0,0,0,,当然是为了备份 可为什么要做两份备份呢？
Dialogue: 0,0:25:35.16,0:25:39.54,底部英文,,0,0,0,,One backup you keep on site and another backup you keep off site.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:35.16,0:25:39.54,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这是因为其中一份作为现场备份 另一份存放在异地
Dialogue: 0,0:25:39.72,0:25:43.68,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And today we probably backup to the cloud.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:39.72,0:25:43.68,底部中文,,0,0,0,,如今我们通常将数据备份到云端
Dialogue: 0,0:25:44.16,0:25:47.70,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Hopefully at the other end of the cloud,they're doing something like those too.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:44.16,0:25:47.70,底部中文,,0,0,0,,但愿在云端的数据中心 他们也为你做了这样的双重备份
Dialogue: 0,0:25:48.14,0:25:52.58,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Hopefully...The last thing I'd say about this and the right rings and the tape,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:48.14,0:25:52.58,底部中文,,0,0,0,,也许吧……在介绍完磁带的双重备份和“权限环”后 我还想说
Dialogue: 0,0:25:52.80,0:25:56.28,底部英文,,0,0,0,,that when you were running a job,when you were running payroll,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:52.80,0:25:56.28,底部中文,,0,0,0,,当你在从事像制作工资名单这样的工作的时候
Dialogue: 0,0:25:56.42,0:26:01.48,底部英文,,0,0,0,,there was a lot of different steps,a lot of manual intervention, a lot of operator instructions.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:56.42,0:26:01.48,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你要分好几步来做 还要做很多人工干预 很多操作员指令
Dialogue: 0,0:26:01.52,0:26:05.44,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So when you wrote a payroll system,you wrote a number of programs,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:01.52,0:26:05.44,底部中文,,0,0,0,,当你设计制作工资名单系统的同时 不仅要编写程序
Dialogue: 0,0:26:05.48,0:26:10.48,底部英文,,0,0,0,,but you also wrote a run book that was could be pretty thick,with flowcharts.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:05.48,0:26:10.48,底部中文,,0,0,0,,还要写一本厚厚的带有流程图的运行手册
Dialogue: 0,0:26:10.52,0:26:16.24,底部英文,,0,0,0,,It said mount this tape,punched these cards,dismount the tape,mount another tape...
Dialogue: 0,0:26:10.52,0:26:16.24,底部中文,,0,0,0,,里面指示操作员装载磁带，给卡片打孔，卸载磁带后装载另一盘磁带等等
Dialogue: 0,0:26:16.32,0:26:19.74,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So,one of the things that you saw with a high-speed rewind was
Dialogue: 0,0:26:16.32,0:26:19.74,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你刚才所见到的“高速倒带”的优势之一就是
Dialogue: 0,0:26:19.84,0:26:22.77,底部英文,,0,0,0,,it made the computer operation more efficient.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:19.84,0:26:22.77,底部中文,,0,0,0,,它能使得计算机的操作更加高效
Dialogue: 0,0:26:22.77,0:26:26.85,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Because it could...you could rewind the tape really fast,take it off and another tape.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:22.77,0:26:26.85,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这样你就能快速地倒回磁带 卸下并换上另一盘磁带了
Dialogue: 0,0:26:27.14,0:26:31.28,底部英文,,0,0,0,,There was a lot of that went on,and of course a lot of errors that went on.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:27.14,0:26:31.28,底部中文,,0,0,0,,当然这样的设计有利也有弊 它经常发生问题
Dialogue: 0,0:26:31.60,0:26:35.06,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So,I think that's sort of the end of the formal demo.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:31.60,0:26:35.06,底部中文,,0,0,0,,大概正式的讲解和演示就到这里了
Dialogue: 0,0:26:35.06,0:26:36.64,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Those couple of little...
Dialogue: 0,0:26:35.06,0:26:36.64,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这几个小的……
Dialogue: 0,0:26:36.80,0:26:37.37,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Go ahead...
Dialogue: 0,0:26:36.80,0:26:37.37,底部中文,,0,0,0,,你先继续说……
Dialogue: 0,0:26:37.60,0:26:39.66,底部英文,,0,0,0,,If you put your cards on tape,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:37.60,0:26:39.66,底部中文,,0,0,0,,如果你将穿孔卡片的数据转储到磁带上的话
Dialogue: 0,0:26:40.16,0:26:42.30,底部英文,,0,0,0,,there's a way you can sort using tape.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:40.16,0:26:42.30,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们有通过磁带进行数据分类排序的方法
Dialogue: 0,0:26:42.62,0:26:46.78,底部英文,,0,0,0,,And you can sort fifty times faster than you can with that machine.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:42.62,0:26:46.78,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这样分类比你用那台机器对卡片进行分类要快五十倍
Dialogue: 0,0:26:46.78,0:26:49.90,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So that was another good reason to buy these machines.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:46.78,0:26:49.90,底部中文,,0,0,0,,这是购买磁带机的另一个极好的理由
Dialogue: 0,0:26:49.90,0:26:54.28,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Another interesting fact is you've probably all got these in your pockets.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:49.90,0:26:54.28,底部中文,,0,0,0,,还有一个有趣的事实 大家口袋里都装着这个吧
Dialogue: 0,0:26:54.28,0:26:57.28,底部英文,,0,0,0,,How much power do you take,anybody know?
Dialogue: 0,0:26:54.28,0:26:57.28,底部中文,,0,0,0,,有人知道它的功率有多大吗？
Dialogue: 0,0:26:58.50,0:27:00.25,底部英文,,0,0,0,,About one Watt.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:58.50,0:27:00.25,底部中文,,0,0,0,,大概1瓦
Dialogue: 0,0:27:00.25,0:27:03.28,底部英文,,0,0,0,,How much power do you think this machine takes?
Dialogue: 0,0:27:00.25,0:27:03.28,底部中文,,0,0,0,,那你觉得这台机器的功率有多大呢？
Dialogue: 0,0:27:04.02,0:27:07.76,底部英文,,0,0,0,,When it's fully operational,twelve thousand Watts!
Dialogue: 0,0:27:04.02,0:27:07.76,底部中文,,0,0,0,,当它全力运转的时候有12000瓦！
Dialogue: 0,0:27:08.50,0:27:12.10,底部英文,,0,0,0,,We've got two of them in this room,twenty four thousand Watts.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:08.50,0:27:12.10,底部中文,,0,0,0,,我们这个房间里有两台 也就是24000瓦
Dialogue: 0,0:27:12.10,0:27:17.09,底部英文,,0,0,0,,So some people say we turn them both on,the lights in Mountain View dim a little.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:12.10,0:27:17.09,底部中文,,0,0,0,,因此有人说当我们把它们都打开的时候 连山景城的灯光都会变暗一点呢！
Dialogue: 0,0:27:17.09,0:27:20.26,底部英文,,0,0,0,,Ha ha ha! Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:17.09,0:27:20.26,底部中文,,0,0,0,,哈哈哈！那就到这里吧