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Adept 2.7
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@github-actions github-actions released this 31 Aug 16:40
· 258 commits to master since this release
v2.7
95d52dd

Adept 2.7 has been released!

Sponsors:

  • Special thanks to Fernando Dantas for sponsoring Adept ❤️

List of changes in Adept 2.7

Language:

  • Added ability to mark types as no discard using the exhaustive keyword:

    • func getName() exhaustive String = "Not using this return value is a compile-time error"

  • Added ability to mark functions as disallowed using = delete

    • func youCannotCallThisFunction(a, b int) int = delete

    • func youCannotCallThisFunction(a, b int) int = delete { return a + b }

    • Trying to call a disallowed function is a compile-time error.

    • Trying to assign a type regularly that has __assign__ disallowed is a compile-time error.

      • func __assign__(this *UnassignableType, _other POD UnassignableType) = delete

  • Unreachable code paths are no longer required to return a value

  • Added better and consistent constructors, with the new constructor keyword

    struct Rectangle (w, h float) {
    constructor(w, h float) {
        this.w = w
        this.h = h
    }
    
    constructor(size float) {
        this.__constructor__(size, size)
    }
}

func main {
    rectangle1 Rectangle(100, 50)
    
    rectangle2 Rectangle = Rectangle(75, 50)
    
    rectangle3 Rectangle
    rectangle3.__constructor__(500)
    
    rectangle4 *Rectangle = new Rectangle(640, 480)
    defer delete rectangle4
}
    • Constructors automatically generate a constructor function (that has the same name as the type it's for)
    • Constructors come with a companion __constructor__ method, which can be used to call a constructor on any value
    • Constructors can use the new immediate construction syntax: my_value MyType() and new MyType()
    • Zero-initialization is still the default, constructors don't apply to naked definitions, e.g. my_value MyType is zero-initialized and not constructed.

  • Trying to declare __as__ as a method is now a compile-time error (__as__ should be declared as a function)

  • Changed #halt directive to exit the compiler with status code 1 instead of 0

  • Added #done directive to exit the compiler with status code of 0

  • Added #runtime_resource directive, which will create a project-local copy of a file (if one with the same name doesn't already exist)

    • Used to automatically supply runtime resources such as .dll files to new projects that need them

  • Added classes, which are equivalent to structs except that they allow for virtual dispatch and come with a __vtable__ field.

    import basics

class Shape () {
    constructor {}
}

func main {
    shape *Shape = new Shape()
    defer delete shape
    
    print(shape.__vtable__) // Will be non-zero since `value` is constructed and ready for dynamic dispatch
}
    • All classes require a constructor and must be constructed in order to use dynamic dispatch / virtual methods

  • Added virtual methods and virtual dispatch

    import basics

class Shape () {
    constructor {}
    	
    virtual func getArea() float {
        return 0.0f
    }
}

class Rectangle extends Shape (w, h float) {
    constructor(w, h float) {
        this.w = w
        this.h = h
    }
    
    override func getArea() float {
        return this.w * this.h
    }
}

func main {
    shape *Shape = new Rectangle(100.0f, 50.0f)
    defer delete shape
    
    print(shape.getArea())
}
    • Virtual methods can be used alongside existing features such as regular polymorphism, default values, and more

  • Added optional foreign prefix for enums, which disables the requirement to use the EnumName:: prefix to refer to enum variants. This is useful when writing bindings for C libraries, as enum variants are already named to be unambiguous.

    // ...

foreign enum CURLUPart (
    CURLUPART_URL,
    CURLUPART_SCHEME,
    CURLUPART_USER,
    CURLUPART_PASSWORD,
    CURLUPART_OPTIONS,
    CURLUPART_HOST,
    CURLUPART_PORT,
    CURLUPART_PATH,
    CURLUPART_QUERY,
    CURLUPART_FRAGMENT,
    CURLUPART_ZONEID /* added in 7.65.0 */
)

func main {
    // Without `foreign` prefix, we would have to do:
    part1 CURLUPart = CURLUPart::CURLUPART_URL
    
    // With `foreign` prefix, we're allowed to do:
    part1 CURLUPart = CURLUPART_URL
}

  • Resolved issues with loose polymorphism

    • $T and $~T are no longer equivalent
      • $T and $~T are now only equivalent if at the top level of a type. For example, func add(a, b $T) $T is equivalent to func add(a $T, b $~T) $T, but func add(a, b <$T> Container) <$T> Container is not equivalent to func add(a <$T> Container, b <$~T> Container) <$T> Container.

  • Added new polymorphic prerequisite $T extends MyClass, e.g. func useShape(shape <$T extends Shape> Optional) { ... }

  • Changed __unix__ to now properly be true when compiling for macOS

  • Lots of bugs fixes

Standard Library:

  • Removed outdated lowercase constructors for types in 2.7/ standard library
    • array(items, length) removed in favor of Array(items, length)
    • list(items, length, ownership) removed in favor of List(items, length, ownership)
    • string(null_terminated_string) removed in favor of String(null_terminated_string)
    • captColor(r, g, b, a) removed in favor of CaptColor(r, g, b, a)
    • etc.
    • Outdated programs that use these old constructor names will need to have an earlier version of the standard library specified in order to compile (e.g. with --std=2.6 or pragma default_stdlib '2.6' or have pragma compiler_version '2.6')
  • Some types such as Pair are now records instead of plain structs
  • Trying to use a donor String, List, or Grid value after it has been donated now is now a runtime error (enabled by default)
  • StringOwnership::DONATED has been renamed to StringOwnership::DONOR
  • Added give() method for String, List, and Grid, which is equivalent to commit() with ownership required. Not having ownership to give is a runtime error by default.
  • Added __assign__ for Optional, so that their internal values are not improperly assigned when has is false

Behind the Scenes Changes:

  • Completely rewrote lexer
  • Cleaner compiler code

Adept 2.7 is also backwards compatible with most programs written in versions 2.0 through 2.6

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