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add: 添加EEPROM文档
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---
title: EEPROM
icon:
---

## 简介

EEPROM 是一种存储器,其值在电路板断电时保留。在 AirMCU 中,没有内置的 EEPROM,但是可以使用 Flash 模拟 EEPROM。一般来说,我们采用内置 flash 的最后一个 page 扇区(或者是其它可擦写的最小单位)来模拟。

## API

要使用此库,请在代码顶部包含头文件:

```cpp
#include <EEPROM.h>
```

### read()

从 EEPROM 读取一个字节。

```cpp
EEPROM.read(address)
```

- `address`:要读取的地址,从 0 开始。
- 返回值:读取的字节。

#### 示例

```cpp
#include <EEPROM.h>

int a = 0;
int value;

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{
value = EEPROM.read(a);

Serial.print(a);
Serial.print("\t");
Serial.print(value);
Serial.println();

a = a + 1;

if (a == 512)
a = 0;

delay(500);
}
```

### write()

将一个字节写入 EEPROM。

```cpp
EEPROM.write(address, value)
```

- `address`:要写入的地址,从 0 开始。
- `value`:要写入的值。

#### 示例

```cpp
#include <EEPROM.h>

void setup()
{
for (int i = 0; i < 255; i++)
EEPROM.write(i, i);
}

void loop()
{
}
```

### update()

将一个字节写入 EEPROM,但仅在值不同的情况下才写入。

```cpp
EEPROM.update(address, value)
```

- `address`:要写入的地址,从 0 开始。
- `value`:要写入的值。

#### 示例

```cpp
#include <EEPROM.h>

void setup()
{
for (int i = 0; i < 255; i++) {
// this performs as EEPROM.write(i, i)
EEPROM.update(i, i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 255; i++) {
// write value "12" to cell 3 only the first time
// will not write the cell the remaining 254 times
EEPROM.update(3, 12);
}
}

void loop()
{
}
```

### get()

从 EEPROM 读取一个值。

```cpp
EEPROM.get(address, value)
```

- `address`:要读取的地址,从 0 开始。
- `value`要读取的数据,可以是原始类型(例如 float)或自定义结构。
- 返回值:对传入数据的引用

#### 示例

```cpp
#include <EEPROM.h>

struct MyObject{
float field1;
byte field2;
char name[10];
};

void setup(){

float f = 0.00f; //Variable to store data read from EEPROM.
int eeAddress = 0; //EEPROM address to start reading from

Serial.begin( 9600 );
while (!Serial) {
; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for Leonardo only
}
Serial.print( "Read float from EEPROM: " );

//Get the float data from the EEPROM at position 'eeAddress'
EEPROM.get( eeAddress, f );
Serial.println( f, 3 ); //This may print 'ovf, nan' if the data inside the EEPROM is not a valid float.

// get() can be used with custom structures too.
eeAddress = sizeof(float); //Move address to the next byte after float 'f'.
MyObject customVar; //Variable to store custom object read from EEPROM.
EEPROM.get( eeAddress, customVar );

Serial.println( "Read custom object from EEPROM: " );
Serial.println( customVar.field1 );
Serial.println( customVar.field2 );
Serial.println( customVar.name );
}

void loop(){ /* Empty loop */ }
```
### put()
将一个值写入 EEPROM。
```cpp
EEPROM.put(address, value)
```

- `address`:要写入的地址,从 0 开始。
- `value`要写入的数据,可以是原始类型(例如 float)或自定义结构。
- 返回值:对传入数据的引用

::: note
注意:此函数使用 EEPROM.update() 执行写入,因此如果值没有更改,则不会重写该值。
:::

#### 示例

```cpp
#include <EEPROM.h>

struct MyObject {
float field1;
byte field2;
char name[10];
};

void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);
while (!Serial) {
; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for native USB port only
}

float f = 123.456f; //Variable to store in EEPROM.
int eeAddress = 0; //Location we want the data to be put.

//One simple call, with the address first and the object second.
EEPROM.put(eeAddress, f);

Serial.println("Written float data type!");

/** Put is designed for use with custom structures also. **/

//Data to store.
MyObject customVar = {
3.14f,
65,
"Working!"
};

eeAddress += sizeof(float); //Move address to the next byte after float 'f'.

EEPROM.put(eeAddress, customVar);
Serial.print("Written custom data type! \n\nView the example sketch eeprom_get to see how you can retrieve the values!");
}

void loop() { /* Empty loop */ }
```
### EEPROM[]
EEPROM[] 是一个重载了`EEPROM`类的`operator[]`运算符,可以像数组一样使用。
该运算符允许像数组一样使用标识符。使用这种方法可以直接读写 EEPROM 单元。
```cpp
EEPROM[address]
```

- `address`:要读取的地址,从 0 开始。
- 返回值:EEPROM 自身的引用

#### 示例

```cpp
#include <EEPROM.h>

void setup(){

unsigned char val;

//Read first EEPROM cell.
val = EEPROM[ 0 ];

//Write first EEPROM cell.
EEPROM[ 0 ] = val;

//Compare contents
if( val == EEPROM[ 0 ] ){
//Do something...
}
}

void loop(){ /* Empty loop */ }
```
### length()
该函数返回一个无符号整数,其中包含 EEPROM 中的单元数。
```cpp
EEPROM.length()
```

- 返回值:EEPROM 中的单元数。类型为`unsigned int`

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