BulkWrite updateOne with filter $elemMatch { $elemMatch: { $in: [] } } throwing TypeError

[Mattxx10]

Prerequisites

• I have written a descriptive issue title
• I have searched existing issues to ensure the bug has not already been reported

Mongoose version

8.4.3

Node.js version

20.14.0

MongoDB server version

4.4.13

Typescript version (if applicable)

No response

Description

After upgrading mongoose 7.3.4 -> 7.6.13, we started to experience some TypeErrors with one of our bulkWrite operations. We also tried upgrading to 8.4.3, but we still have been facing the same issues.

Error stack:

TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'schema')
    at SchemaArray.cast$elemMatch (PATH\node_modules\mongoose\lib\schema\array.js:626:59)
    at SchemaArray.castForQuery (PATH\node_modules\mongoose\lib\schema\array.js:572:20)
    at cast (PATH\node_modules\mongoose\lib\cast.js:324:43)
    at PATH\node_modules\mongoose\lib\helpers\model\castBulkWrite.js:100:37
    at PATH\node_modules\mongoose\lib\model.js:3584:37
    at each (PATH\node_modules\mongoose\lib\helpers\each.js:11:5)
    at PATH\node_modules\mongoose\lib\model.js:3584:7
    at new Promise (<anonymous>)
    at Function.bulkWrite (PATH\node_modules\mongoose\lib\model.js:3583:11)
    at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5)

Steps to Reproduce

Here is a simple script that replicates the error-producing behavior on our backend

const mongoose = require('mongoose');
require('dotenv').config();

(async () => {
  await mongoose.connect(`mongodb://${process.env.HOST}:${process.env.PORT}/${process.env.DB_NAME}`);

  const schema = new mongoose.Schema({
    name: String,
    ids: [String] // problematic type
  });

  const Model = mongoose.model('Test', schema);

  await Model.deleteMany();

  try {
    await Model.bulkWrite([
      {
        updateOne: {
          filter: {
            ids: {
              $elemMatch: {
                $in: ['1']
              }
            }
          },
          update: {
            $set: {
              name: 'test'
            },
            $addToSet: {
              ids: {
                $each: ['1', '2']
              }
            }
          },
          upsert: true
        }
      }
    ], { ordered: true, j: true });
  } catch (error) {
    console.error(error);
  }

  await mongoose.disconnect();
})();

Expected Behavior

CASE 1: Filter-matching document found
EXPECTED: ids that don't already exist in document are added to the array ids.

CASE 2: Filter-matching document not found
EXPECTED: A new document is created

[Mattxx10]

Notes:

This fallback behavior was recently added for setting schema:
lib/schema/array.js line 626
const schema = this.casterConstructor.schema ?? context.schema;

The issue arises when cast is called inside castBulkWrite.js with a missing parameter 'context', which would I assume should be model.

op['updateOne']['filter'] = cast(model.schema, op['updateOne']['filter'], {
  strict: strict,
  upsert: op['updateOne'].upsert
});