Provide docs on deployment using native terraform CLI commands (#377)

* add terraform cli docs

* specify terraform version

src/docs/terraform/deployment.md

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+# Terraform Deployment
+
+Mission LZ also deploys the Hub and Spoke network architecture using [Terraform](https://www.terraform.io/).
+
+To get started with Terraform on Azure check out their useful tutorial: <https://learn.hashicorp.com/collections/terraform/azure-get-started/>
+
+Once you're comfortable with Terraform, ensure you have the Prerequisites below and follow the instructions to deploy and clean-up Mission LZ.
+
+## Prerequisistes
+
+* Current version of the [Azure CLI](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/install-azure-cli)
+* The version of the [Terraform CLI](https://www.terraform.io/downloads.html) described in the [.devcontainer Dockerfile](../../../.devcontainer/Dockerfile)
+* An Azure Subscription where you or an identity you manage has `Owner` [RBAC permissions](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/role-based-access-control/built-in-roles#owner)
+
+## Login to Azure CLI
+
+1. Log in using the Azure CLI
+
+ ```BASH
+ az login
+ ```
+
+ > *(Optional)* If you needed to deploy into another cloud such as Azure Government, set the cloud name before logging in:
+
+ ```BASH
+ az cloud set -n AzureUSGovernment
+ az login
+ ```
+
+1. (OPTIONAL) Deploying to a Cloud other than Azure Commercial? This requires updating the `azurerm` provider block `environment` and `metadata_host` values. Checkout the [Deploying to Other Clouds](#Deploying-to-Other-Clouds) documentation.
+
+1. (OPTIONAL) Deploying with a Service Principal? This requires updating the `azurerm` provider block. Check out the [Deploying with a Service Principal](#Deploying-with-a-Service-Principal) documentation.
+
+## Terraform init
+
+Before provisioning any Azure resources with Terraform you must initialize a working directory.
+
+Here's the docs on `terraform init`: <https://www.terraform.io/docs/cli/commands/init.html/>
+
+1. Navigate to the directory in the repository that contains the MissionLZ Terraform module:
+
+ ```bash
+ cd src/terraform/mlz
+ ```
+
+1. Execute `terraform init`
+
+ ```bash
+ terraform init
+ ```
+
+## Terrafrom apply
+
+After intializing the directory, use `terraform apply` to provision the resources described in `mlz/main.tf` and its referenced modules at `mlz/modules/*`.
+
+Here's the docs on `terraform apply`: <https://www.terraform.io/docs/cli/commands/apply.html>
+
+When you run `terraform apply`, by default, Terraform will inspect the state of your environment to determine what resource creation, modification, or deletion needs to occur as if you invoked a `terraform plan` and then prompt you for your approval before taking action.
+
+Here's the docs on `terraform plan`: <https://www.terraform.io/docs/cli/commands/plan.html>
+
+1. From the directory in which you executed `terraform init` execute `terraform apply`:
+
+ ```bash
+ terraform apply
+ ```
+
+1. When prompted for your approval to create, modify, or destroy resources, supply `yes`:
+
+ ```plaintext
+ Do you want to perform these actions?
+ Terraform will perform the actions described above.
+ Only 'yes' will be accepted to approve.
+
+ Enter a value: yes
+ ```
+
+This command will deploy all of the resources that make up Mission LZ and could take up to 45 minutes.
+
+## Terraform destroy
+
+Once you're happy with the deployment output and want to modify Mission LZ or just want to tear it down to save on costs, you can use `terraform destroy`.
+
+Here's the docs on `terraform destroy`: <https://www.terraform.io/docs/cli/commands/destroy.html>
+
+1. From the directoy in which you executed `terraform init` and `terraform apply` execute `terraform destroy`:
+
+ ```bash
+ terraform destroy
+ ```
+
+This command will attempt to remove all the resources that were deployed by `terraform apply` and could take up to 45 minutes.
+
+## Deploying with a Service Principal
+
+This is not required, in fact, the current Terraform modules are written as if you're executing them as a user.
+
+But, if you're using a Service Principal to deploy Azure resources with Terraform check out this doc: <https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/azurerm/latest/docs/guides/service_principal_client_secret/>
+
+Using a Service Principal will require updating the resource providers for `mlz/main.tf`, also described in that doc: <https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/azurerm/latest/docs/guides/service_principal_client_secret#configuring-the-service-principal-in-terraform/>:
+
+```terraform
+variable "client_secret" {
+}
+
+terraform {
+ required_providers {
+ azurerm = {
+ ...
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+provider "azurerm" {
+ features {}
+
+ subscription_id = "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
+ client_id = "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
+ client_secret = var.client_secret
+ tenant_id = "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
+}
+```
+
+## Terraform Providers
+
+The development container definition downloads the required Terraform plugin providers during the container build so that the container can be transported to an air-gapped network for use. The container also sets the `TF_PLUGIN_CACHE_DIR` environment variable, which Terraform uses as the search location for locally installed providers. If you are not using the container to deploy or if the `TF_PLUGIN_CACHE_DIR` environment variable is not set, Terraform will automatically attempt to download the provider from the internet when you execute the `terraform init` command.
+
+See the development container [README](/.devcontainer/README.md) for more details on building and running the container.
+
+## Deploying to Other Clouds
+
+The `azurerm` Terraform provider provides a mechanism for changing the Azure cloud in which to deploy Terraform modules.
+
+When specifying your provider, pass in the correct value for `environment` and `metadata_host` for the cloud you're targeting:
+
+```terraform
+provider "azurerm" {
+ features {}
+ 
+ environment = var.tf_environment # e.g. 'public' or 'usgovernment'
+ metadata_host = var.mlz_metadatahost # e.g. 'management.azure.com' or 'management.usgovcloudapi.net'
+}
+```
+
+For the supported `environment` values, see this doc: <https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/azurerm/latest/docs#environment/>
+
+For the supported `metadata_host` values, see this doc: <https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/azurerm/latest/docs#metadata_host/>
+
+For more endpoint mappings between AzureCloud and AzureUsGovernment: <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-government/compare-azure-government-global-azure#guidance-for-developers/>