tardigrade body homologous to arthropod head

see issue #14

release/raw_similarity_annotations.tsv

@@ -192,6 +192,7 @@
 "HOM:0000007"	"historical homology"	"UBERON:0000468"	"multi-cellular organism"	"NOT"	2759	"Eukaryota"	"CIO:0000004"	"medium confidence from single evidence"	"ECO:0000075"	"gene expression similarity evidence"	"PMID:23315654"	"Parfrey LW, Lahr DJ, Multicellularity arose several times in the evolution of eukaryotes (response to DOI 10.1002/bies.201100187). Bioessays (2013)"	"(...) phylogenetic analyses of two key genes reveal patterns inconsistent with a single origin of multicellularity. A single origin in Amorphea would also require loss of multicellularity in each of the many unicellular lineages within this clade. Further, there are numerous other origins of multicellularity within eukaryotes, including three within Amorphea, that are not characterized by these structural and mechanistic similarities. Instead, convergent evolution resulting from similar selective pressures for forming multicellular structures with motile and differentiated cells is the most likely explanation for the observed similarities between animal and dictyostelid cell-cell connections."	"bgee"	"ANN"	"2013-07-18"
 "HOM:0000007"	"historical homology"	"UBERON:0000468"	"multi-cellular organism"	"NOT"	2759	"Eukaryota"	"CIO:0000004"	"medium confidence from single evidence"	"ECO:0000355"	"phylogenetic distribution evidence"	"PMID:23315654"	"Parfrey LW, Lahr DJ, Multicellularity arose several times in the evolution of eukaryotes (response to DOI 10.1002/bies.201100187). Bioessays (2013)"	"(...) phylogenetic analyses of two key genes reveal patterns inconsistent with a single origin of multicellularity. A single origin in Amorphea would also require loss of multicellularity in each of the many unicellular lineages within this clade. Further, there are numerous other origins of multicellularity within eukaryotes, including three within Amorphea, that are not characterized by these structural and mechanistic similarities. Instead, convergent evolution resulting from similar selective pressures for forming multicellular structures with motile and differentiated cells is the most likely explanation for the observed similarities between animal and dictyostelid cell-cell connections."	"bgee"	"ANN"	"2013-07-18"
 "HOM:0000007"	"historical homology"	"UBERON:0000468"	"multi-cellular organism"		33208	"Metazoa"	"CIO:0000003"	"high confidence from single evidence"	"ECO:0000033"	"traceable author statement"	"PMID:22930590"	"Dickinson DJ, Nelson WJ, Weis WI, An epithelial tissue in Dictyostelium challenges the traditional origin of metazoan multicellularity. Bioessays (2012)"	"Phylogenetically, metazoans belong to the unikonts, a group that also includes fungi, social amoebae and a number of unicellular or colonial protists (see Figure 2) [10, 11]. Historically, it was thought that multicellularity evolved independently in animals, fungi and social amoebae, and that epithelial tissue was a unique feature of animals."	"bgee"	"ANN"	"2015-03-10"
+"HOM:0000007"	"historical homology"	"UBERON:0000468|UBERON:0000033"	"multi-cellular organism|head"		88770	"Panarthropoda"	"CIO:0000005"	"low confidence from single evidence"	"ECO:0000075"	"gene expression similarity evidence"	"PMID:26776737"	"Smith FW, Boothby TC, Giovannini I, Rebecchi L, Jockusch EL, Goldstein B, The Compact Body Plan of Tardigrades Evolved by the Loss of a Large Body Region. Curr Biol (2016)"	"Here, we reveal molecular identities for all of the segments of a tardigrade. Based on our analysis, we conclude that tardigrades have lost a large intermediate region of the body axis-a region corresponding to the entire thorax and most of the abdomen of insects-and that they have lost the Hox genes that originally specified this region. Our data suggest that nearly the entire tardigrade body axis is homologous to just the head region of arthropods. Based on our results, we reconstruct a last common ancestor of Panarthropoda that had a relatively elongate body plan like most arthropods and onychophorans, rather than a compact, tardigrade-like body plan. These results demonstrate that the body plan of an animal phylum can originate by the loss of a large part of the body. "	"bgee"	"ANN"	"2016-04-25"
 "HOM:0000007"	"historical homology"	"UBERON:0000473"	"testis"		7742	"Vertebrata"	"CIO:0000004"	"medium confidence from single evidence"	"ECO:0000071"	"morphological similarity evidence"	"DOI:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.042308.13350"	"DeFalco T and Capel B, Gonad morphogenesis in vertebrates: divergent means to a convergent end. Annual review of cell and developmental biology (2009)"	"Examination of different vertebrate species shows that the adult gonad is remarkably similar in its morphology across different phylogenetic classes. Surprisingly, however, the cellular and molecular programs employed to create similar organs are not evolutionarily conserved."	"bgee"	"ANN"	"2015-01-28"
 "HOM:0000007"	"historical homology"	"UBERON:0000473"	"testis"	"NOT"	33208	"Metazoa"	"CIO:0000004"	"medium confidence from single evidence"	"ECO:0000034"	"non-traceable author statement"	"PMID:21672850"	"Extavour CGM, Gray anatomy: phylogenetic patterns of somatic gonad structures and reproductive strategies across Bilateria. Integrative and Comparative Biology (2007)"	"This article considers what is known about gonadogenesis and reproductive strategies in extant metazoans, and searches for phylogenetic patterns that suggest what shared characteristics of these processes Urbilateria might have displayed. I conclude that the data presently available cannot suggest homologies of the somatic components of metazoan gonads, and that convergent evolution has resulted in many different morphological, and possibly molecular genetic, solutions to the various problems posed by sexual reproduction."	"bgee"	"ANN"	"2015-01-28"
 "HOM:0000007"	"historical homology"	"UBERON:0000473"	"testis"		33213	"Bilateria"	"CIO:0000005"	"low confidence from single evidence"	"ECO:0000034"	"non-traceable author statement"	"PMID:21672850"	"Extavour CGM, Gray anatomy: phylogenetic patterns of somatic gonad structures and reproductive strategies across Bilateria. Integrative and Comparative Biology (2007)"	"(...) while it is likely that Urbilateria lacked a complex somatic reproductive system, it is at present impossible to speculate on whether or not it possessed a true gonad, let alone any other somatic adaptations for reproduction."	"bgee"	"ANN"	"2013-08-30"