URI Validation updates (helidon-io#9469)

* Validation of URI Query
* Moving host validation to UriValidator, as it belongs to URI concept (and is part of URI specification).
The UriValidator now has methods to validate scheme, host, query, and fragment.
Path validation is retained in `UriPath`.
Added a new configuration option to disable validation of prologue for HTTP/1.

Signed-off-by: Tomas Langer <tomas.langer@oracle.com>

common/uri/src/main/java/io/helidon/common/uri/UriFragment.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2022, 2023 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, 2024 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ private UriFragment(String encoded, String fragment) {
      * @return a new instance
      */
     public static UriFragment create(String rawFragment) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(rawFragment);
         return new UriFragment(rawFragment);
     }
 
@@ -104,6 +105,9 @@ public boolean hasValue() {
      * @return encoded fragment
      */
     public String rawValue() {
+        if (rawFragment == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("UriFragment does not have a value, guard with hasValue()");
+        }
         return rawFragment;
     }
 
@@ -114,7 +118,7 @@ public String rawValue() {
      */
     public String value() {
         if (decodedFragment == null) {
-            decodedFragment = UriEncoding.decodeUri(rawFragment);
+            decodedFragment = UriEncoding.decodeUri(rawValue());
         }
         return decodedFragment;
     }

common/uri/src/main/java/io/helidon/common/uri/UriQuery.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2022, 2023 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, 2024 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -31,17 +31,33 @@
 public interface UriQuery extends Parameters {
     /**
      * Create a new HTTP query from the query string.
+     * This method does not validate the raw query against specification.
      *
      * @param query raw query string
      * @return HTTP query instance
+     * @see #create(String, boolean)
      */
     static UriQuery create(String query) {
+        return create(query, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new HTTP query from the query string, validating if requested.
+     *
+     * @param query raw query string
+     * @param validate whether to validate that the query is according to the specification
+     * @return HTTP query instance
+     */
+    static UriQuery create(String query, boolean validate) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(query, "Raw query string cannot be null, use create(URI) or empty()");
 
         if (query.isEmpty()) {
             return empty();
         }
 
+        if (validate) {
+            return new UriQueryImpl(query).validate();
+        }
         return new UriQueryImpl(query);
     }
 

common/uri/src/main/java/io/helidon/common/uri/UriQueryImpl.java

@@ -190,6 +190,11 @@ public String toString() {
         return "?" + rawValue();
     }
 
+    UriQuery validate() {
+        UriValidator.validateQuery(query);
+        return this;
+    }
+
     private void ensureDecoded() {
         if (decodedQueryParams == null) {
             Map<String, List<String>> newQueryParams = new HashMap<>();

common/uri/src/main/java/io/helidon/common/uri/UriValidationException.java

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package io.helidon.common.uri;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import static io.helidon.common.uri.UriValidator.encode;
+import static io.helidon.common.uri.UriValidator.print;
+
+/**
+ * A URI validation exception.
+ * <p>
+ * This type provides access to the invalid value that is not cleaned, through {@link #invalidValue()}.
+ * The exception message is cleaned and can be logged and returned to users ({@link #getMessage()}).
+ *
+ * @see #invalidValue()
+ */
+public class UriValidationException extends IllegalArgumentException {
+    /**
+     * Segment that failed validation.
+     */
+    private final Segment segment;
+    /**
+     * The value (containing illegal characters) that failed validation.
+     */
+    private final char[] invalidValue;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new validation exception that uses a descriptive message and the failed chars.
+     * The message provided will be appended with cleaned invalid value in double quotes.
+     *
+     * @param segment      segment that caused this exception
+     * @param invalidValue value that failed validation
+     * @param message      descriptive message
+     */
+    public UriValidationException(Segment segment, char[] invalidValue, String message) {
+        super(toMessage(invalidValue, message));
+
+        this.segment = segment;
+        this.invalidValue = invalidValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new validation exception that uses a descriptive message and the failed chars.
+     *
+     * @param segment      segment that caused this exception
+     * @param invalidValue value that failed validation
+     * @param validated    a validated section of the full value
+     * @param message      descriptive message
+     */
+    UriValidationException(Segment segment, char[] invalidValue, char[] validated, String message) {
+        super(toMessage(invalidValue, validated, message));
+
+        this.segment = segment;
+        this.invalidValue = invalidValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new validation exception that uses a descriptive message and the failed chars.
+     *
+     * @param segment      segment that caused this exception
+     * @param invalidValue value that failed validation
+     * @param validated    a validated section of the full value
+     * @param message      descriptive message
+     * @param index        index in the {@code validated} array that failed
+     * @param c            character that was invalid
+     */
+    UriValidationException(Segment segment, char[] invalidValue, char[] validated, String message, int index, char c) {
+        super(toMessage(invalidValue, validated, message, index, c));
+
+        this.segment = segment;
+        this.invalidValue = invalidValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new validation exception that uses a descriptive message and the failed chars.
+     *
+     * @param segment      segment that caused this exception
+     * @param invalidValue value that failed validation
+     * @param message      descriptive message
+     * @param index        index in the {@code invalidValue} array that failed
+     * @param c            character that was invalid
+     */
+    UriValidationException(Segment segment, char[] invalidValue, String message, int index, char c) {
+        super(toMessage(invalidValue, message, index, c));
+
+        this.segment = segment;
+        this.invalidValue = invalidValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The value that did not pass validation.
+     * This value is as it was received over the network, so it is not safe to log or return to the user!
+     *
+     * @return invalid value that failed validation
+     */
+    public char[] invalidValue() {
+        return invalidValue;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Segment that caused this validation exception.
+     *
+     * @return segment of the URI
+     */
+    public Segment segment() {
+        return segment;
+    }
+
+    private static String toMessage(char[] value, String message) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(value);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(message);
+
+        if (value.length == 0) {
+            return message;
+        }
+        return message + ": " + encode(value);
+    }
+
+    private static String toMessage(char[] value, char[] validated, String message) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(value);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(message);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(validated);
+
+        if (validated.length == 0) {
+            if (value.length == 0) {
+                return message;
+            }
+            return message + ". Value: " + encode(value);
+        }
+        if (value.length == 0) {
+            return message + ": " + encode(validated);
+        }
+        return message + ": " + encode(validated)
+                + ". Value: " + encode(value);
+    }
+
+    private static String toMessage(char[] value, char[] validated, String message, int index, char c) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(value);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(validated);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(message);
+
+        return message + ": " + encode(validated) + ", index: " + index
+                + ", char: " + print(c)
+                + ". Value: " + encode(value);
+    }
+
+    private static String toMessage(char[] value, String message, int index, char c) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(value);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(message);
+
+        return message + ": " + encode(value) + ", index: " + index
+                + ", char: " + print(c);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Segment of the URI that caused this validation failure.
+     */
+    public enum Segment {
+        /**
+         * URI Scheme.
+         */
+        SCHEME("Scheme"),
+        /**
+         * URI Host.
+         */
+        HOST("Host"),
+        /**
+         * URI Path.
+         */
+        PATH("Path"),
+        /**
+         * URI Query.
+         */
+        QUERY("Query"),
+        /**
+         * URI Fragment.
+         */
+        FRAGMENT("Fragment");
+        private final String name;
+
+        Segment(String name) {
+            this.name = name;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Human-readable text that describes this segment.
+         *
+         * @return segment text
+         */
+        public String text() {
+            return name;
+        }
+    }
+}