module: fix error thrown from require(esm) hitting TLA repeatedly

This tracks the asynchronicity in the ModuleWraps when they turn out to
contain TLA after instantiation, and throw the right error
(ERR_REQUIRE_ASYNC_MODULE) when it's required again. It removes
the freezing of ModuleWraps since it's not meaningful to freeze
this when the rest of the module loader is mutable, and we
can record the asynchronicity in the ModuleWrap right after
compilation after we get a V8 upgrade that contains
v8::Module::HasTopLevelAwait() instead of searching through
the module graph repeatedly which can be slow.

PR-URL: nodejs#55520
Fixes: nodejs#55516
Refs: nodejs#52697
Reviewed-By: Paolo Insogna <paolo@cowtech.it>
Reviewed-By: Antoine du Hamel <duhamelantoine1995@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Chengzhong Wu <legendecas@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Jacob Smith <jacob@frende.me>

lib/internal/errors.js

@@ -1650,6 +1650,9 @@ E('ERR_PERFORMANCE_MEASURE_INVALID_OPTIONS', '%s', TypeError);
 E('ERR_QUIC_CONNECTION_FAILED', 'QUIC connection failed', Error);
 E('ERR_QUIC_ENDPOINT_CLOSED', 'QUIC endpoint closed: %s (%d)', Error);
 E('ERR_QUIC_OPEN_STREAM_FAILED', 'Failed to open QUIC stream', Error);
+E('ERR_REQUIRE_ASYNC_MODULE', 'require() cannot be used on an ESM ' +
+  'graph with top-level await. Use import() instead. To see where the' +
+  ' top-level await comes from, use --experimental-print-required-tla.', Error);
 E('ERR_REQUIRE_CYCLE_MODULE', '%s', Error);
 E('ERR_REQUIRE_ESM',
   function(filename, hasEsmSyntax, parentPath = null, packageJsonPath = null) {

lib/internal/modules/esm/loader.js

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ const { imported_cjs_symbol } = internalBinding('symbols');
 
 const assert = require('internal/assert');
 const {
+  ERR_REQUIRE_ASYNC_MODULE,
   ERR_REQUIRE_CYCLE_MODULE,
   ERR_REQUIRE_ESM,
   ERR_NETWORK_IMPORT_DISALLOWED,
@@ -302,6 +303,9 @@ class ModuleLoader {
     //    evaluated at this point.
     if (job !== undefined) {
       mod[kRequiredModuleSymbol] = job.module;
+      if (job.module.async) {
+        throw new ERR_REQUIRE_ASYNC_MODULE();
+      }
       if (job.module.getStatus() !== kEvaluated) {
         const parentFilename = urlToFilename(parent?.filename);
         let message = `Cannot require() ES Module ${filename} in a cycle.`;

lib/internal/modules/esm/module_job.js

@@ -37,8 +37,11 @@ const resolvedPromise = PromiseResolve();
 const {
   setHasStartedUserESMExecution,
 } = require('internal/modules/helpers');
+const { getOptionValue } = require('internal/options');
 const noop = FunctionPrototype;
-
+const {
+  ERR_REQUIRE_ASYNC_MODULE,
+} = require('internal/errors').codes;
 let hasPausedEntry = false;
 
 const CJSGlobalLike = [
@@ -378,7 +381,16 @@ class ModuleJobSync extends ModuleJobBase {
 
   runSync() {
     // TODO(joyeecheung): add the error decoration logic from the async instantiate.
-    this.module.instantiateSync();
+    this.module.async = this.module.instantiateSync();
+    // If --experimental-print-required-tla is true, proceeds to evaluation even
+    // if it's async because we want to search for the TLA and help users locate
+    // them.
+    // TODO(joyeecheung): track the asynchroniticy using v8::Module::HasTopLevelAwait()
+    // and we'll be able to throw right after compilation of the modules, using acron
+    // to find and print the TLA.
+    if (this.module.async && !getOptionValue('--experimental-print-required-tla')) {
+      throw new ERR_REQUIRE_ASYNC_MODULE();
+    }
     setHasStartedUserESMExecution();
     const namespace = this.module.evaluateSync();
     return { __proto__: null, module: this.module, namespace };

src/module_wrap.cc

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ using v8::FunctionTemplate;
 using v8::HandleScope;
 using v8::Int32;
 using v8::Integer;
-using v8::IntegrityLevel;
 using v8::Isolate;
 using v8::Local;
 using v8::MaybeLocal;
@@ -332,7 +331,6 @@ void ModuleWrap::New(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
 
   obj->contextify_context_ = contextify_context;
 
-  that->SetIntegrityLevel(context, IntegrityLevel::kFrozen);
   args.GetReturnValue().Set(that);
 }
 
@@ -635,13 +633,9 @@ void ModuleWrap::InstantiateSync(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
     }
   }
 
-  // If --experimental-print-required-tla is true, proceeds to evaluation even
-  // if it's async because we want to search for the TLA and help users locate
-  // them.
-  if (module->IsGraphAsync() && !env->options()->print_required_tla) {
-    THROW_ERR_REQUIRE_ASYNC_MODULE(env);
-    return;
-  }
+  // TODO(joyeecheung): record Module::HasTopLevelAwait() in every ModuleWrap
+  // and infer the asynchronicity from a module's children during linking.
+  args.GetReturnValue().Set(module->IsGraphAsync());
 }
 
 void ModuleWrap::EvaluateSync(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {

test/es-module/test-require-module-tla-retry-require.js

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// This tests that after failing to require an ESM that contains TLA,
+// retrying with require() still throws, and produces consistent results.
+'use strict';
+require('../common');
+const assert = require('assert');
+
+assert.throws(() => {
+  require('../fixtures/es-modules/tla/resolved.mjs');
+}, {
+  code: 'ERR_REQUIRE_ASYNC_MODULE'
+});
+assert.throws(() => {
+  require('../fixtures/es-modules/tla/resolved.mjs');
+}, {
+  code: 'ERR_REQUIRE_ASYNC_MODULE'
+});