Revert revert of "Fix wacky primary key sorting in SHOW INDEX"

[rschu1ze]

This is a re-submit of #60514 which was reverted with #60898. It includes the original fix plus a fix for the problem broke DatabaseReplicated tests in CI.

Changelog category (leave one):

• Improvement

Changelog entry (a user-readable short description of the changes that goes to CHANGELOG.md):

The result of SHOW INDEX | INDEXES | INDICES | KEYS was previously sorted by the primary key column names. Since this was unintuitive, the result is now sorted by the position of the primary key columns within the primary key.

[robot-clickhouse-ci-2]

This is an automated comment for commit 6785240 with description of existing statuses. It's updated for the latest CI running

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Check name	Description	Status
Stateless tests	Runs stateless functional tests for ClickHouse binaries built in various configurations -- release, debug, with sanitizers, etc	❌ failure

Successful checks

Check name	Description	Status
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Stateful tests	Runs stateful functional tests for ClickHouse binaries built in various configurations -- release, debug, with sanitizers, etc	✅ success
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