Fix infinite recursion when infering a proto schema with skip unsupported fields enabled

[Algunenano]

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• Critical Bug Fix (crash, LOGICAL_ERROR, data loss, RBAC)

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Fix infinite recursion when infering a proto schema with skip unsupported fields enabled

The problem was that when skipping an unsupported field due to type recursion (supported in protobuf but not in CH type system) we didn't keep track of it anymore, so we would try to resolve it again and again. This would not happen with default settings (no skip unsupported) because an exception would be thrown in the first occurence.

Closes #70630

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[alexey-milovidov]

Thanks! We can also use depth-counting and checkStackSize (possibly invoked every n of depth levels) as the last protection - it will help not only from infinite recursion but also from very deep protobufs.