The precompile at 0x09 wraps the BLAKE2b F compression function:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7693#section-3.2

The precompile requires 6 inputs tightly encoded, taking exactly 213
bytes, as explained below.

- `rounds` - the number of rounds - 32-bit unsigned big-endian word
- `h` - the state vector - 8 unsigned 64-bit little-endian words
- `m` - the message block vector - 16 unsigned 64-bit little-endian words
- `t_0, t_1` - offset counters - 2 unsigned 64-bit little-endian words
- `f` - the final block indicator flag - 8-bit word

[4 bytes for rounds][64 bytes for h][128 bytes for m][8 bytes for t_0]
[8 bytes for t_1][1 byte for f]

The boolean `f` parameter is considered as `true` if set to `1`.
The boolean `f` parameter is considered as `false` if set to `0`.
All other values yield an invalid encoding of `f` error.

The precompile should compute the F function as specified in the RFC
(https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7693#section-3.2) and return the updated
state vector `h` with unchanged encoding (little-endian).

See EIP-152 for details.

…f-precompile

core/vm, crypto/blake2b: add BLAKE2b compression func at 0x09

crypto/blake2b: fix non-amd64 builds

crypto/blake2b: fix 386, round 2

* core: log chain reorg/split metrics

* core: report 1-block reorgs on the metrics too

- Move the existing tests from memorydb into a generalized testsuite
that can be run by any ethdb backend implementation.
- Add several more test cases to clarify some non-obvious nuances when
implementing a custom ethdb backend, such as the behaviour of
NewIteratorWithPrefix vs NewIteratorWithStart.
- Add leveldb to the testsuite using in-memory storage for fast
execution.

build: gomobile automaticall adds the ios tag, don't duplicate

This copies cli.printHelp but changes minwidth to 38. Custom flag
code is improved to print the default value using cli.FlagStringer like
all built-in flags do.

Original change by @jpeletier

This change adds support for gzip encoding on HTTP responses.
Gzip encoding is used when the client sets the 'accept-encoding: gzip' header.
Original change by @brianosaurus, with fixes from @SjonHortensius.

core/vm: enable istanbul EIPs in the jump table

cmd, core, eth, les: support --override.istanbul

* Change chainId in genesis block to 8888 from 0 

Change chainId in genesis block to 8888 from 0 per Moriteru in https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/a/28082/40230.

* Replace 8888 with “<arbitrary positive integer>”

Per PR review, replace Moriteru’s arbitrary positive integer 8888 with “<arbitrary positive integer>” in chainId field.

* les: wait all task routines before drop the peer

* les: address comments

* les: fix issue

eth: disallow overwrite files via admin.exportChain

internal/ethapi: implement fillTransaction

Currently light.maxpeers is 100 - after this change it's 10 for non-servers.

Fixes #19820

Dockerfile: expose GraphQL ports

* Accounts in alloc field must already exist

Note that accounts in alloc field must already exist, as pointed out by Simeon Vanov in https://gettoshare.com/2017/10/30/how-to-use-genesis-json-alloc-property/

* Change wording per PR review comment

* README: minor fixups

common, graphql: fix hash/address decoding + UI content type

core, metrics, p2p: switch some invalid counters to gauges

core/state: optimize some internals during encoding

Most of these changes are related to the Go 1.13 changes to test binary
flag handling. 

* cmd/geth: make attach tests more reliable

This makes the test wait for the endpoint to come up by polling
it instead of waiting for two seconds.

* tests: fix test binary flags for Go 1.13

Calling flag.Parse during package initialization is prohibited
as of Go 1.13 and causes test failures. Call it in TestMain instead.

* crypto/ecies: remove useless -dump flag in tests

* p2p/simulations: fix test binary flags for Go 1.13

Calling flag.Parse during package initialization is prohibited
as of Go 1.13 and causes test failures. Call it in TestMain instead.

* build: remove workaround for ./... vendor matching

This workaround was necessary for Go 1.8. The Go 1.9 release changed
the expansion rules to exclude vendored packages.

* Makefile: use relative path for GOBIN

This makes the "Run ./build/bin/..." line look nicer.

* les: fix test binary flags for Go 1.13

Calling flag.Parse during package initialization is prohibited
as of Go 1.13 and causes test failures. Call it in TestMain instead.

travis, Dockerfile, appveyor: bump to Go 1.13

build: switch PPA from Gophers dep to manual download

* rlp: improve nil pointer handling

In both encoder and decoder, the rules for encoding nil pointers were a
bit hard to understand, and didn't leave much choice. Since RLP allows
two empty values (empty list, empty string), any protocol built on RLP
must choose either of these values to represent the null value in a
certain context.

This change adds choice in the form of two new struct tags, "nilString"
and "nilList". These can be used to specify how a nil pointer value is
encoded. The "nil" tag still exists, but its implementation is now
explicit and defines exactly how nil pointers are handled in a single
place.

Another important change in this commit is how nil pointers and the
Encoder interface interact. The EncodeRLP method was previously called
even on nil values, which was supposed to give users a choice of how
their value would be handled when nil. It turns out this is a stupid
idea. If you create a network protocol containing an object defined in
another package, it's better to be able to say that the object should be
a list or string when nil in the definition of the protocol message
rather than defining the encoding of nil on the object itself.

As of this commit, the encoding rules for pointers now take precedence
over the Encoder interface rule. I think the "nil" tag will work fine
for most cases. For special kinds of objects which are a struct in Go
but strings in RLP, code using the object can specify the desired
encoding of nil using the "nilString" and "nilList" tags.

* rlp: propagate struct field type errors

If a struct contained fields of undecodable type, the encoder and
decoder would panic instead of returning an error. Fix this by
propagating type errors in makeStruct{Writer,Decoder} and add a test.

core/state: accumulate writes and only update tries when must

This change adds tests for the virtual clock and aligns the interface
with the time package by renaming Cancel to Stop. It also removes the
binary search from Stop because it complicates the code unnecessarily.

cmd/evm: make evm default to all ethash protocol changes

* txpool: smaller lock portion

* core/tx_pool: fix data race

core: dedup known transactions without global lock, track metrics

* les: detailed relative cost metrics

* les: filter txpool relative request statistic

* les: initialize price factors

* les: increased connected bias to lower churn rate

* les: fixed clientPool.setLimits

* core: do not use mutex in GetAncestor

* les: bump factor db version again

* les: add metrics

* les, light: minor fixes

core: fix tx dedup return error count

params: bump CHTs for the 1.9.4 release

params: activate Istanbul on Ropsten, Rinkeby and Görli

vendor: pull in USB Windows fixes

deepCopy didn't copy pending storage updates, leading to the
creation of blocks with invalid state root.

params: remove legacy bootnodes

* core/state: revert noop finalise, fix copy-commit-copy

* core/state: reintroduce net sstore tracking, extend tests for it

dashboard: log dashboard url

This adds an implementation of node discovery via DNS TXT records to the
go-ethereum library. The implementation doesn't match EIP-1459 exactly,
the main difference being that this implementation uses separate merkle
trees for tree links and ENRs. The EIP will be updated to match p2p/dnsdisc.

To maintain DNS trees, cmd/devp2p provides a frontend for the p2p/dnsdisc
library. The new 'dns' subcommands can be used to create, sign and deploy DNS
discovery trees.

Fixes #18210

…s (#19491)

This change adds support for EIP-1898.

…#19352)

* vendor: update leveldb

* ethdb/leveldb: disable seek compaction and add metrics

* vendor: udpate latest levledb

* ethdb/leveldb: fix typo

p2p: measure subprotocol bandwidth usage

* update tests for istanbul

* tests: updated blockchaintests, see ethereum/tests#637

* tests: update again, hopefully fixed this time

* tests: skip time consuming, run legacy tests

* tests: update again

* build: disable long-running tests on travis

* tests: fix formatting nits

* tests: I hate github's editor

In Geth, we have two sources for configuration:
(1) Config file
(2) Command line flag

Basically geth will first resolve config file and then overwrite
configs with command line flags.

This issue is: geth should only overwrite configs if flags are truly
set. So before we apply any flag to configs, `GlobalIsSet` check
is necessary.

…36 (#20169)

prevent users from misconfiguring their nodes so that fork ordering is not preserved.