Mask sampler for geostationary satellite

[metdyn]

Description

Mask array is used when observation resolution is higher than the MODEL.
When obs locations are at 500 m resolution in ABI and AHI, we want to output loc stream points from the cubed sphere grid, corresponding to the masked positions and their nearest neighbor halo points on CS.

Other added functions:

• Add mask sampler for geostationary satellite (GEOS-R series)
• Add geostation name into NC for station sampler
• Add mapping between the IODA loc_index and trajectory NC output loc_index
• Corrected a _RETURN in subroutine MAPL_GetGlobalHorzIJIndex (@weiyuan-jiang), when I realized my run crashes otherwise. Only after the ESMF_functionalities are called using global PE, then partial PE can return with success.

Related Issue

Motivation and Context

How Has This Been Tested?

Types of changes

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)
• Trivial change (affects only documentation or cleanup)

Checklist:

• I have tested this change with a run of GEOSgcm (if non-trivial)
• I have added one of the required labels (0 diff, 0 diff trivial, 0 diff structural, non 0-diff)
• I have updated the CHANGELOG.md accordingly following the style of Keep a Changelog

[metdyn]

I want to hold the PR to check the file change history

[metdyn]

Fixed a few bugs in the sampler code.

• Add allocate(X, _STAT) to sampler codes
• Skip destroy_regen_grid when list(n)%end_alarm is active (the last time step in sampler)
• Add extract_unquoted_item(STR1) to fix a string bug in geoval_xname(mx_ngeoval) in trajectory sampler