impl: add a retry with result function

[alevenberg]

First part of the attempt to fix #1717

Description

This is 1/2 PRs. In the 2nd PR, I want to add a retry loop to remoteImageFunc. This PR adds a function to retry when there is a return value.

Submitter Checklist

• Includes unit tests
  - [ ] Adds integration tests if needed.

Tested using go test pkg/util/util_test.go pkg/util/util.go

I tried make test but was getting failures on the main branch in unrelated tests, e.g.

coverage: 10.5% of statements
ok      github.com/GoogleContainerTools/kaniko/pkg/util/proc    0.027s  coverage: 10.5% of statements
FAIL
make: *** [Makefile:67: test] Error 1

Reviewer Notes

• The code flow looks good.
• Unit tests and or integration tests added.

Note: this is my first time using go in a while, if there are any readability changes I could make, please let me know!

[aaron-prindle]

Thanks for the PR @alevenberg! From the CI tests it looks like there are two linter errors to resolve:
https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/kaniko/actions/runs/6814541622/job/18539118689?pr=2837

gofmt these 2 files

Gofmt errors in files:
./pkg/util/util.go
./pkg/util/util_test.go
...

update this line in util.go

Error: pkg/util/util.go:218:106: non-wrapping format verb for fmt.Errorf. Use `%w` to format errors (errorlint)
	return result, fmt.Errorf("unable to complete operation after %d attempts, last error: %v", retryCount, err)

Once these are resolved, the PR itself looks good and we should be able to merge

[alevenberg]

Made the changes.

Ran the following to format the files.

gofmt -l -s -w pkg/util/util.go
gofmt -l -s -w pkg/util/util_test.go

[alevenberg]

Thanks for taking a look @aaron-prindle