shims/super/cc: don't strip prefixes with --debug-symbols
#30168
| Job | Run time |
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| 5m 8s | |
| 2m 50s | |
| 7m 32s | |
| 11m 44s | |
| 27s | |
| 53s | |
| 5m 42s | |
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| 6m 59s | |
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| 7m 46s | |
| 6m 25s | |
| 6m 50s | |
| 2m 34s | |
| 5m 56s | |
| 1m 17s | |
| 1h 17m 58s |