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🌟 JavaScript Style Guide, with linter & automatic code fixer

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Standard - JavaScript Style Guide
JavaScript Standard Style

travis npm version npm downloads Standard - JavaScript Style Guide

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JavaScript style guide, linter, and formatter

This module saves you (and others!) time in three ways:

  • No configuration. The easiest way to enforce consistent style in your project. Just drop it in.
  • Automatically format code. Just run standard --fix and say goodbye to messy or inconsistent code.
  • Catch style issues & programmer errors early. Save precious code review time by eliminating back-and-forth between reviewer & contributor.

No decisions to make. No .eslintrc, .jshintrc, or .jscsrc files to manage. It just works.

Install with:

npm install standard --save-dev

Open Source Supporters

StandardJS — The Rules

  • 2 spaces – for indentation
  • Single quotes for strings – except to avoid escaping
  • No unused variables – this one catches tons of bugs!
  • No semicolons – It's fine. Really!
  • Never start a line with (, [, or `
    • This is the only gotcha with omitting semicolons – automatically checked for you!
    • More details
  • Space after keywords if (condition) { ... }
  • Space after function name function name (arg) { ... }
  • Always use === instead of == – but obj == null is allowed to check null || undefined.
  • Always handle the node.js err function parameter
  • Always prefix browser globals with window – except document and navigator are okay
    • Prevents accidental use of poorly-named browser globals like open, length, event, and name.
  • And more goodness – give standard a try today!

To get a better idea, take a look at a sample file written in JavaScript Standard Style. Or, check out one of the thousands of projects that use standard!

Table of Contents

Install

The easiest way to use JavaScript Standard Style is to install it globally as a Node command line program. Run the following command in Terminal:

$ npm install standard --global

Or, you can install standard locally, for use in a single project:

$ npm install standard --save-dev

Note: To run the preceding commands, Node.js and npm must be installed.

Usage

After you've installed standard, you should be able to use the standard program. The simplest use case would be checking the style of all JavaScript files in the current working directory:

$ standard
Error: Use JavaScript Standard Style
  lib/torrent.js:950:11: Expected '===' and instead saw '=='.

You can optionally pass in a directory (or directories) using the glob pattern. Be sure to quote paths containing glob patterns so that they are expanded by standard instead of your shell:

$ standard "src/util/**/*.js" "test/**/*.js"

Note: by default standard will look for all files matching the patterns: **/*.js, **/*.jsx.

What you might do if you're clever

  1. Add it to package.json
{
  "name": "my-cool-package",
  "devDependencies": {
    "standard": "*"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "test": "standard && node my-tests.js"
  }
}
  1. Style is checked automatically when you run npm test
$ npm test
Error: Use JavaScript Standard Style
  lib/torrent.js:950:11: Expected '===' and instead saw '=='.
  1. Never give style feedback on a pull request again!

Why should I use JavaScript Standard Style?

The beauty of JavaScript Standard Style is that it's simple. No one wants to maintain multiple hundred-line style configuration files for every module/project they work on. Enough of this madness!

This module saves you (and others!) time in three ways:

  • No configuration. The easiest way to enforce consistent style in your project. Just drop it in.
  • Automatically format code. Just run standard --fix and say goodbye to messy or inconsistent code.
  • Catch style issues & programmer errors early. Save precious code review time by eliminating back-and-forth between reviewer & contributor.

Adopting standard style means ranking the importance of code clarity and community conventions higher than personal style. This might not make sense for 100% of projects and development cultures, however open source can be a hostile place for newbies. Setting up clear, automated contributor expectations makes a project healthier.

For more info, see the conference talk "Write Perfect Code with Standard and ESLint". In this talk, you'll learn about linting, when to use standard versus eslint, and how prettier compares to standard.

Who uses JavaScript Standard Style?

Lots of folks!

In addition to companies, many community members use standard on packages that are too numerous to list here.

standard is also the top-starred linter in GitHub's Clean Code Linter showcase.

Are there text editor plugins?

First, install standard. Then, install the appropriate plugin for your editor:

Sublime Text

Using Package Control, install SublimeLinter and SublimeLinter-contrib-standard.

For automatic formatting on save, install StandardFormat.

Atom

Install linter-js-standard.

Alternatively, you can install linter-js-standard-engine. Instead of bundling a version of standard it will automatically use the version installed in your current project. It will also work out of the box with other linters based on standard-engine.

For automatic formatting, install standard-formatter. For snippets, install standardjs-snippets.

Visual Studio Code

Install vscode-standardjs. (Includes support for automatic formatting.)

For JS snippets, install: vscode-standardjs-snippets. For React snippets, install vscode-react-standard.

Vim

Install ale.

For automatic formatting on save, add these lines to .vimrc:

autocmd bufwritepost *.js silent !standard --fix %
set autoread

Alternative plugins to consider include neomake and syntastic, both of which have built-in support for standard (though configuration may be necessary).

Emacs

Install Flycheck and check out the manual to learn how to enable it in your projects.

Brackets

Search the extension registry for "Standard Code Style" and click "Install".

WebStorm (PhpStorm, IntelliJ, RubyMine, JetBrains, etc.)

WebStorm recently announced native support for standard directly in the IDE.

If you still prefer to configure standard manually, follow this guide. This applies to all JetBrains products, including PhpStorm, IntelliJ, RubyMine, etc.

Is there a readme badge?

Yes! If you use standard in your project, you can include one of these badges in your readme to let people know that your code is using the standard style.

JavaScript Style Guide

[![JavaScript Style Guide](https://cdn.rawgit.com/standard/standard/master/badge.svg)](https://github.com/standard/standard)

JavaScript Style Guide

[![JavaScript Style Guide](https://img.shields.io/badge/code_style-standard-brightgreen.svg)](https://standardjs.com)

I disagree with rule X, can you change it?

No. The whole point of standard is to save you time by avoiding bikeshedding about code style. There are lots of debates online about tabs vs. spaces, etc. that will never be resolved. These debates just distract from getting stuff done. At the end of the day you have to 'just pick something', and that's the whole philosophy of standard -- its a bunch of sensible 'just pick something' opinions. Hopefully, users see the value in that over defending their own opinions.

If you really want to configure hundreds of ESLint rules individually, you can always use eslint directly with eslint-config-standard to layer your changes on top. standard-eject can help you migrate from standard to eslint and eslint-config-standard.

Pro tip: Just use standard and move on. There are actual real problems that you could spend your time solving! :P

But this isn't a real web standard!

Of course it's not! The style laid out here is not affiliated with any official web standards groups, which is why this repo is called standard/standard and not ECMA/standard.

The word "standard" has more meanings than just "web standard" :-) For example:

  • This module helps hold our code to a high standard of quality.
  • This module ensures that new contributors follow some basic style standards.

Is there an automatic formatter?

Yes! You can use standard --fix to fix most issues automatically.

standard --fix is built into standard for maximum convenience. Most problems are fixable, but some errors (like forgetting to handle errors) must be fixed manually.

To save you time, standard outputs the message "Run standard --fix to automatically fix some problems" when it detects problems that can be fixed automatically.

How do I ignore files?

Certain paths (node_modules/, coverage/, vendor/, *.min.js, bundle.js, and files/folders that begin with . like .git/) are automatically ignored.

Paths in a project's root .gitignore file are also automatically ignored.

Sometimes you need to ignore additional folders or specific minified files. To do that, add a standard.ignore property to package.json:

"standard": {
  "ignore": [
    "**/out/",
    "/lib/select2/",
    "/lib/ckeditor/",
    "tmp.js"
  ]
}

How do I hide a certain warning?

In rare cases, you'll need to break a rule and hide the warning generated by standard.

JavaScript Standard Style uses ESLint under-the-hood and you can hide warnings as you normally would if you used ESLint directly.

To get verbose output (so you can find the particular rule name to ignore), run:

$ standard --verbose
Error: Use JavaScript Standard Style
  routes/error.js:20:36: 'file' was used before it was defined. (no-use-before-define)

Disable all rules on a specific line:

file = 'I know what I am doing' // eslint-disable-line

Or, disable only the "no-use-before-define" rule:

file = 'I know what I am doing' // eslint-disable-line no-use-before-define

Or, disable the "no-use-before-define" rule for multiple lines:

/* eslint-disable no-use-before-define */
console.log('offending code goes here...')
console.log('offending code goes here...')
console.log('offending code goes here...')
/* eslint-enable no-use-before-define */

I use a library that pollutes the global namespace. How do I prevent "variable is not defined" errors?

Some packages (e.g. mocha) put their functions (e.g. describe, it) on the global object (poor form!). Since these functions are not defined or require'd anywhere in your code, standard will warn that you're using a variable that is not defined (usually, this rule is really useful for catching typos!). But we want to disable it for these global variables.

To let standard (as well as humans reading your code) know that certain variables are global in your code, add this to the top of your file:

/* global myVar1, myVar2 */

If you have hundreds of files, it may be desirable to avoid adding comments to every file. In this case, run:

$ standard --global myVar1 --global myVar2

Or, add this to package.json:

{
  "standard": {
    "globals": [ "myVar1", "myVar2" ]
  }
}

Note: global and globals are equivalent.

How do I use experimental JavaScript (ES Next) features?

standard supports the latest ECMAScript features, ES8 (ES2017), including language feature proposals that are in "Stage 4" of the proposal process.

To support experimental language features, standard supports specifying a custom JavaScript parser. Before using a custom parser, consider whether the added complexity is worth it.

To use a custom parser, first install it from npm:

npm install babel-eslint --save-dev

Then run:

$ standard --parser babel-eslint

Or, add this to package.json:

{
  "standard": {
    "parser": "babel-eslint"
  }
}

If standard is installed globally (i.e. npm install standard --global), then be sure to install babel-eslint globally as well, with npm install babel-eslint --global.

Can I use a JavaScript language variant, like Flow or TypeScript?

standard supports the latest ECMAScript features. However, Flow and TypeScript add new syntax to the language, so they are not supported out-of-the-box.

To support JavaScript language variants, standard supports specifying a custom JavaScript parser as well as an ESLint plugin to handle the changed syntax. Before using a JavaScript language variant, consider whether the added complexity is worth it.

Flow

To use Flow, you need to run standard with babel-eslint as the parser and eslint-plugin-flowtype as a plugin.

npm install babel-eslint eslint-plugin-flowtype --save-dev

Then run:

$ standard --parser babel-eslint --plugin flowtype

Or, add this to package.json:

{
  "standard": {
    "parser": "babel-eslint",
    "plugins": [ "flowtype" ]
  }
}

Note: plugin and plugins are equivalent.

If standard is installed globally (i.e. npm install standard --global), then be sure to install babel-eslint and eslint-plugin-flowtype globally as well, with npm install babel-eslint eslint-plugin-flowtype --global.

TypeScript

To use TypeScript, you need to run standard with typescript-eslint-parser as the parser, eslint-plugin-typescript as a plugin, and tell standard to lint *.ts files (since it doesn't by default).

npm install typescript-eslint-parser eslint-plugin-typescript --save-dev

Then run:

$ standard --parser typescript-eslint-parser --plugin typescript *.ts

Or, add this to package.json:

{
  "standard": {
    "parser": "typescript-eslint-parser",
    "plugins": [ "typescript" ]
  }
}

With that in package.json, you can run:

standard *.ts

If standard is installed globally (i.e. npm install standard --global), then be sure to install typescript-eslint-parser and eslint-plugin-typescript globally as well, with npm install typescript-eslint-parser eslint-plugin-typescript --global.

What about Mocha, Jasmine, QUnit, etc?

To support mocha in test files, add this to the top of the test files:

/* eslint-env mocha */

Or, run:

$ standard --env mocha

Where mocha can be one of jasmine, qunit, phantomjs, and so on. To see a full list, check ESLint's specifying environments documentation. For a list of what globals are available for these environments, check the globals npm module.

Note: env and envs are equivalent.

What about Web Workers?

Add this to the top of worker files:

/* eslint-env serviceworker */

This lets standard (as well as humans reading the code) know that self is a global in web worker code.

Can I check code inside of Markdown or HTML files?

To check code inside Markdown files, use standard-markdown.

Alternatively, there are ESLint plugins that can check code inside Markdown, HTML, and many other types of language files:

To check code inside Markdown files, use an ESLint plugin:

$ npm install eslint-plugin-markdown

Then, to check JS that appears inside code blocks, run:

$ standard --plugin markdown '**/*.md'

To check code inside HTML files, use an ESLint plugin:

$ npm install eslint-plugin-html

Then, to check JS that appears inside <script> tags, run:

$ standard --plugin html '**/*.html'

Is there a Git pre-commit hook?

Funny you should ask!

#!/bin/bash

# Ensure all JavaScript files staged for commit pass standard code style
function xargs-r() {
  # Portable version of "xargs -r". The -r flag is a GNU extension that
  # prevents xargs from running if there are no input files.
  if IFS= read -r -d '' path; then
    { echo -n "$path"; echo -ne "\0"; cat; } | xargs $@
  fi
}
git diff -z --name-only --cached --relative | grep -z '\.jsx\?$' | xargs-r -0 -t standard
if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then
  echo 'JavaScript Standard Style errors were detected. Aborting commit.'
  exit 1
fi

How do I make the output all colorful and pretty?

The built-in output is simple and straightforward, but if you like shiny things, install snazzy:

$ npm install snazzy

And run:

$ standard --verbose | snazzy

There's also standard-tap, standard-json, standard-reporter, and standard-summary.

Is there a Node.js API?

Yes!

standard.lintText(text, [opts], callback)

Lint the provided source text. An opts object may be provided:

{
  cwd: '',      // current working directory (default: process.cwd())
  filename: '', // path of the file containing the text being linted (optional, though some eslint plugins require it)
  fix: false,   // automatically fix problems
  globals: [],  // custom global variables to declare
  plugins: [],  // custom eslint plugins
  envs: [],     // custom eslint environment
  parser: ''    // custom js parser (e.g. babel-eslint)
}

Additional options may be loaded from a package.json if it's found for the current working directory.

The callback will be called with an Error and results object.

The results object will contain the following properties:

var results = {
  results: [
    {
      filePath: '',
      messages: [
        { ruleId: '', message: '', line: 0, column: 0 }
      ],
      errorCount: 0,
      warningCount: 0,
      output: '' // fixed source code (only present with {fix: true} option)
    }
  ],
  errorCount: 0,
  warningCount: 0
}

results = standard.lintTextSync(text, [opts])

Synchronous version of standard.lintText(). If an error occurs, an exception is thrown. Otherwise, a results object is returned.

standard.lintFiles(files, [opts], callback)

Lint the provided files globs. An opts object may be provided:

var opts = {
  ignore: [],   // file globs to ignore (has sane defaults)
  cwd: '',      // current working directory (default: process.cwd())
  fix: false,   // automatically fix problems
  globals: [],  // global variables to declare
  plugins: [],  // eslint plugins
  envs: [],     // eslint environment
  parser: ''    // js parser (e.g. babel-eslint)
}

The callback will be called with an Error and results object (same as above).

How do I contribute to standard?

Contributions are welcome! Check out the issues or the PRs, and make your own if you want something that you don't see there.

Want to chat? Join contributors on IRC in the #standard channel on freenode.

Here are some important packages in the standard ecosystem:

There are also many editor plugins, a list of npm packages that use standard, and an awesome list of packages in the standard ecosystem.

License

MIT. Copyright (c) Feross Aboukhadijeh.

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🌟 JavaScript Style Guide, with linter & automatic code fixer

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