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Oh My CentOS Stream 9

CentOS 8 / CentOS Stream 8 升级 CentOS Stream 9 简明教程

中文 | English


哦,我的老伙计!你知道吗?CentOS 8在2021年12月31日完蛋啦!🎉🎉🎉
还在用CentOS 8吗?为什么不换成CentOS Stream 8Rocky Linux 8或者AlmaLinux呢?

等等!CentOS Stream 9已经发布了?官方源里面居然还有Nodejs16Golang1.17.5?还有kernel5.14glic 2.34

如果你追求新功能和dnf包管理器,CentOS Stream 9可能是你第二好的选择!(第一依旧是Fedora

可是我的VPS服务商不提供CentOS Stream 9的镜像,甚至也不提供CentOS Stream 8的镜像,我只能用过时的CentOS 8的镜像,这岂不是很糟糕?

别担心,通过这篇文章提供的方法,您也能在CentOS 8上升级到CentOS Stream 9,保留所有数据,并且不用重装系统!

食用指南

Warning:升级大版本有可能会导致软件甚至系统无法正常运行,请谨慎操作!
Tips: 开始操作前请您阅读全文。遇到问题您可以开issue,提交更好的解决方案请提交pull request

准备工作

使用您熟悉的备份工具备份您的数据,如果您的服务商支持快照功能,强烈建议您创建快照后再进行操作。

CentOS 8升级到CentOS Stream 8

CentOS 8生命周期已结束,您可以通过以下方法升级到CentOS Stream 8

切换到vault源,这里使用清华源做演示,您可以更换为其他源。

minorver=8.5.2111
sudo sed -e "s|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g" \
         -e "s|^#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/\$contentdir/\$releasever|baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos-vault/$minorver|g" \
         -i.bak \
         /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*.repo

更新CentOS Stream 8

sudo dnf install \
    http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-stream-repos-8-4.el8.noarch.rpm \
    http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-stream-release-8.6-1.el8.noarch.rpm \
    http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-gpg-keys-8-4.el8.noarch.rpm \
    -y

sudo dnf distro-sync --allowerasing -y

CentOS Stream 8升级到CentOS Stream 9

1. 准备RPMs

echo "Preparing to download RPMs"
echo "Setting up wget..."
sudo dnf install wget -y

echo "Creating directory ~/cs8to9/el9"
mkdir -p ~/cs8to9/el9
echo "Creating directory ~/cs8to9/epel9"
mkdir -p ~/cs8to9/epel9

echo "Downloading RPMs..."
cd ~/cs8to9/epel9
wget https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-9.noarch.rpm
wget https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-next-release-latest-9.noarch.rpm

cd ~/cs8to9/el9
wget http://mirror.stream.centos.org/9-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-stream-release-9.0-22.el9.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirror.stream.centos.org/9-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-stream-repos-9.0-22.el9.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirror.stream.centos.org/9-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/centos-gpg-keys-9.0-22.el9.noarch.rpm

cd 

你可以在scripts目录下找到cs9rpmdownload.sh,运行它,它会执行上述指令,自动下载所有的RPMs。

2. 移除非必要RPM包和旧内核

echo "Removing old packages..."
sudo dnf autoremove -y

echo "Removing old kernels..."
echo "The following packages will be removed:"
rpm -q kernel && rpm -q kernel-devel && rpm -q kernel-core && rpm -q kernel-modules

read -p "Are you sure(y/N)? " -n 1 -r
if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]
then
    echo "yes"
    sudo rpm -e `rpm -q kernel` --nodeps
    sudo rpm -e `rpm -q kernel-devel` --nodeps
    sudo rpm -e `rpm -q kernel-core` --nodeps
    sudo rpm -e `rpm -q kernel-modules` --nodeps
fi

你可以在scripts目录下找到removekernel.sh,运行它,它会执行上述指令,自动移除非必要RPM包和旧内核。

3. 升级CentOS Stream 9

echo "Installing CentOS Stream 9 RPMs..."
cd ~/cs8to9/el9
sudo dnf install centos-stream-release-9.0-22.el9.noarch.rpm centos-stream-repos-9.0-22.el9.noarch.rpm centos-gpg-keys-9.0-22.el9.noarch.rpm -y

echo "Installing EPEL 9 RPMs..."
cd ~/cs8to9/epel9
sudo dnf install epel-release-latest-9.noarch.rpm epel-next-release-latest-9.noarch.rpm -y

echo "Upgrade to CentOS Stream 9..." 
sudo dnf distro-sync --allowerasing -y

echo "cat /etc/redhat-release"
cat /etc/redhat-release

你可以在scripts目录下找到cs8to9.sh,运行它,它会执行上述指令,自动升级CentOS Stream 9

上述指令完成后,末行输出应为CentOS Stream release 9

4. 安装新内核

echo "Rebuilding rpm database..."
sudo rpm --rebuilddb

echo "Reset dnf module cache..."
mkdir -p ~/cs8to9/empty && cd ~/cs8to9/empty
sudo dnf module reset * -y

echo "Installing new kernel..."
sudo dnf install kernel kernel-core kernel-devel kernel-modules -y
sudo dnf groupupdate "Core" "Minimal Install" -y

你可以在scripts目录下找到installkernel.sh,运行它,它会执行上述指令,自动安装新内核。

5. 重启系统

检查内核是否安装成功,如果安装成功,请重启系统。

dnf list --installed | grep -i "kernel"

sudo reboot

重启后,检查内核版本

uname -a

内核版本应为5.14

5. 重建rescue镜像

echo "Rebuilding rescue image..."
sudo dnf reinstall dracut -y
mkdir -p ~/cs8to9/backup
sudo mv /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-* ~/cs8to9/backup
sudo mv /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-*.img ~/cs8to9/backup
sudo /usr/lib/kernel/install.d/51-dracut-rescue.install add $(uname -r) "" /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/vmlinuz

你可以在scripts目录下找到rebuildrescue.sh,运行它,它会执行上述指令,自动重建rescue镜像。

6. (可选)重新安装所有RPM包

cd ~/cs8to9/empty
sudo dnf reinstall -y *

享受你的新系统!

License


OhMyStream9 由 Ink33 采用 知识共享 署名-相同方式共享 4.0 国际 许可协议进行许可。

OhMyStream9 by Ink33 is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

鸣谢

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