OCaml is an implementation of the ML language, based on the Caml Light dialect extended with a complete class-based object system and a powerful module system in the style of Standard ML.
OCaml comprises two compilers. One generates bytecode which is then interpreted by a C program. This compiler runs quickly, generates compact code with moderate memory requirements, and is portable to essentially any 32 or 64 bit Unix platform. Performance of generated programs is quite good for a bytecoded implementation. This compiler can be used either as a standalone, batch-oriented compiler that produces standalone programs, or as an interactive, toplevel-based system.
The other compiler generates high-performance native code for a number of processors. Compilation takes longer and generates bigger code, but the generated programs deliver excellent performance, while retaining the moderate memory requirements of the bytecode compiler. The native-code compiler currently runs on the following platforms:
Tier 1 (actively used and maintained by the core OCaml team):
- AMD64 (Opteron)
-
Linux, OS X, MS Windows
- IA32 (Pentium)
-
Linux, FreeBSD, OS X, MS Windows
- PowerPC
-
Linux, OS X
- ARM
-
Linux
Tier 2 (maintained when possible, with help from users):
- AMD64
-
FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD
- IA32 (Pentium)
-
NetBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris 9
- PowerPC
-
NetBSD
- ARM
-
NetBSD
- SPARC
-
Solaris, Linux, NetBSD
Other operating systems for the processors above have not been tested, but the compiler may work under other operating systems with little work.
Before the introduction of objects, OCaml was known as Caml Special Light. OCaml is almost upwards compatible with Caml Special Light, except for a few additional reserved keywords that have forced some renaming of standard library functions.
- Changes
-
what’s new with each release
- configure
-
configure script
- CONTRIBUTING.md
-
how to contribute to OCaml
- INSTALL.adoc
-
instructions for installation
- LICENSE
-
license and copyright notice
- Makefile
-
main Makefile
- Makefile.nt
-
MS Windows Makefile
- Makefile.shared
-
common Makefile
- Makefile.tools
-
used by manual/ and testsuite/ Makefiles
- README.adoc
-
this file
- README.win32.adoc
-
info on the MS Windows ports of OCaml
- VERSION
-
version string
- asmcomp/
-
native-code compiler and linker
- asmrun/
-
native-code runtime library
- boot/
-
bootstrap compiler
- bytecomp/
-
bytecode compiler and linker
- byterun/
-
bytecode interpreter and runtime system
- compilerlibs/
-
the OCaml compiler as a library
- config/
-
autoconfiguration stuff
- debugger/
-
source-level replay debugger
- driver/
-
driver code for the compilers
- emacs/
-
editing mode and debugger interface for GNU Emacs
- experimental/
-
experiments not built by default
- flexdll/
-
empty (see README.win32.adoc)
- lex/
-
lexer generator
- man/
-
man pages
- manual/
-
system to generate the manual
- middle_end/
-
the flambda optimisation phase
- ocamldoc/
-
documentation generator
- otherlibs/
-
several external libraries
- parsing/
-
syntax analysis
- stdlib/
-
standard library
- testsuite/
-
tests
- tools/
-
various utilities
- toplevel/
-
interactive system
- typing/
-
typechecking
- utils/
-
utility libraries
- yacc/
-
parser generator
All files marked "Copyright INRIA" in this distribution are copyright 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA) and distributed under the conditions stated in file LICENSE.
See the file INSTALL for installation instructions on machines running Unix, Linux, OS X and Cygwin. For native Microsoft Windows, see README.win32.adoc.
The OCaml manual is distributed in HTML, PDF, Postscript, DVI, and Emacs Info files. It is available at
The community also maintains the Web site http://ocaml.org, with tutorials and other useful information for OCaml users.
The complete OCaml distribution can be accessed at
There exists a mailing list of users of the OCaml implementations developed at INRIA. The purpose of this list is to share experience, exchange ideas (and even code), and report on applications of the OCaml language. Messages can be written in English or in French. The list has more than 1000 subscribers.
Messages to the list should be sent to:
You can subscribe to this list via the Web interface at
Archives of the list are available on the Web site above.
The Usenet news groups comp.lang.ml and comp.lang.functional also
contains discussions about the ML family of programming languages, including
OCaml.
The IRC channel #ocaml on Freenode also has several
hundred users and welcomes questions.
The OCaml Community website is
Please report bugs using the Web interface to the bug-tracking system at http://caml.inria.fr/bin/caml-bugs
To be effective, bug reports should include a complete program (preferably small) that exhibits the unexpected behavior, and the configuration you are using (machine type, etc).
You can also contact the implementors directly at caml@inria.fr.
For information on contributing to OCaml, see the file CONTRIBUTING.md.