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edit NEWS for 1.11 (#53423)
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Co-authored-by: Shuhei Kadowaki <40514306+aviatesk@users.noreply.github.com>
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JeffBezanson and aviatesk authored Mar 7, 2024
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Julia v1.11 Release Notes
========================
=========================

New language features
---------------------

* New `Memory` type that provides a lower-level container as an alternative to `Array`.
`Memory` has less overhead and a faster constructor, making it a good choice for situations
that do not need all the features of `Array` (e.g. multiple dimensions).
Most of the `Array` type is now implemented in Julia on top of `Memory`, leading to
significant speedups for several functions (e.g. `push!`) as well as more maintainable code ([#51319]).
* `public` is a new keyword. Symbols marked with `public` are considered public
API. Symbols marked with `export` are now also treated as public API. The
difference between `public` and `export` is that `public` names do not become
available when `using` a package/module ([#50105]).
* `ScopedValue` implements dynamic scope with inheritance across tasks ([#50958]).
* The new macro `Base.Cartesian.@ncallkw` is analogous to `Base.Cartesian.@ncall`,
but allows to add keyword arguments to the function call ([#51501]).
* Support for Unicode 15.1 ([#51799]).
* Three new types around the idea of text with "annotations" (`Pair{Symbol, Any}`
entries, e.g. `:lang => "en"` or `:face => :magenta`). These annotations
are preserved across operations (e.g. string concatenation with `*`) when
possible.
* `AnnotatedString` is a new `AbstractString` type. It wraps an underlying
string and allows for annotations to be attached to regions of the string.
This type is used extensively in the new `StyledStrings` standard library to
hold styling information.
* `AnnotatedChar` is a new `AbstractChar` type. It wraps another char and
holds a list of annotations that apply to it.
* `AnnotatedIOBuffer` is a new `IO` type that mimics an `IOBuffer`, but has
specialised `read`/`write` methods for annotated content. This can be
thought of both as a "string builder" of sorts and also as glue between
annotated and unannotated content.
* `Manifest.toml` files can now be renamed in the format `Manifest-v{major}.{minor}.toml`
to be preferentially picked up by the given julia version. i.e. in the same folder,
a `Manifest-v1.11.toml` would be used by v1.11 and `Manifest.toml` by every other julia
version. This makes managing environments for multiple julia versions at the same time
easier ([#43845]).
* `@time` now reports a count of any lock conflicts where a `ReentrantLock` had to wait, plus a new macro
`@lock_conflicts` which returns that count ([#52883]).
* Support for Unicode 15.1 ([#51799]).

Language changes
----------------
* During precompilation, the `atexit` hooks now run before saving the output file. This
allows users to safely tear down background state (such as closing Timers and sending

* During precompilation, `atexit` hooks now run before saving the output file. This
allows users to safely tear down background state (such as closing `Timer`s and sending
disconnect notifications to heartbeat tasks) and cleanup other resources when the program
wants to begin exiting.
* Code coverage and malloc tracking is no longer generated during the package precompilation stage.
Further, during these modes pkgimage caches are now used for packages that are not being tracked.
This means that coverage testing (the default for `julia-actions/julia-runtest`) will by default use
pkgimage caches for all other packages than the package being tested, likely meaning faster test
execution. ([#52123])

execution ([#52123]).
* Specifying a path in `JULIA_DEPOT_PATH` now results in the expansion of empty strings to
omit the default user depot ([#51448]).

Compiler/Runtime improvements
-----------------------------

* Updated GC heuristics to count allocated pages instead of individual objects ([#50144]).
* A new `LazyLibrary` type is exported from `Libdl` for use in building chained lazy library
loads, primarily to be used within JLLs ([#50074]).
* Added support for annotating `Base.@assume_effects` on code blocks ([#52400]).
* The libuv library has been updated from a base of v1.44.2 to v1.48.0 ([#49937]).

Command-line option changes
---------------------------

* The entry point for Julia has been standardized to `Main.main(ARGS)`. This must be explicitly opted into using the `@main` macro
(see the docstring for further details). When opted-in, and julia is invoked to run a script or expression
(i.e. using `julia script.jl` or `julia -e expr`), julia will subsequently run the `Main.main` function automatically.
This is intended to unify script and compilation workflows, where code loading may happen
in the compiler and execution of `Main.main` may happen in the resulting executable. For interactive use, there is no semantic
difference between defining a `main` function and executing the code directly at the end of the script ([50974]).
(see the docstring for further details). When opted-in, and `julia` is invoked to run a script or expression
(i.e. using `julia script.jl` or `julia -e expr`), `julia` will subsequently run the `Main.main` function automatically.
This is intended to unify script and compilation workflows, where code loading may happen
in the compiler and execution of `Main.main` may happen in the resulting executable. For interactive use, there is no semantic
difference between defining a `main` function and executing the code directly at the end of the script ([#50974]).
* The `--compiled-modules` and `--pkgimages` flags can now be set to `existing`, which will
cause Julia to consider loading existing cache files, but not to create new ones ([#50586]
and [#52573]).
cause Julia to consider loading existing cache files, but not to create new ones ([#50586], [#52573]).

Multi-threading changes
-----------------------

* `Threads.@threads` now supports the `:greedy` scheduler, intended for non-uniform workloads ([#52096]).
* A new exported struct `Lockable{T, L<:AbstractLock}` makes it easy to bundle a resource and its lock together ([#52898]).

Build system changes
--------------------

New library functions
---------------------

* `in!(x, s::AbstractSet)` will return whether `x` is in `s`, and insert `x` in `s` if not.
* Three new types around the idea of text with "annotations" (`Pair{Symbol, Any}`
entries, e.g. `:lang => "en"` or `:face => :magenta`). These annotations
are preserved across operations (e.g. string concatenation with `*`) when
possible.
* `AnnotatedString` is a new `AbstractString` type. It wraps an underlying
string and allows for annotations to be attached to regions of the string.
This type is used extensively in the new `StyledStrings` standard library to
hold styling information.
* `AnnotatedChar` is a new `AbstractChar` type. It wraps another char and
holds a list of annotations that apply to it.
* `AnnotatedIOBuffer` is a new `IO` type that mimics an `IOBuffer`, but has
specialised `read`/`write` methods for annotated content. This can be
thought of both as a "string builder" of sorts and also as glue between
annotated and unannotated content.
* `in!(x, s::AbstractSet)` will return whether `x` is in `s`, and insert `x` in `s` if not ([#45156], [#51636]).
* The new `Libc.mkfifo` function wraps the `mkfifo` C function on Unix platforms ([#34587]).
* `copyuntil(out, io, delim)` and `copyline(out, io)` copy data into an `out::IO` stream ([#48273]).
* `eachrsplit(string, pattern)` iterates split substrings right to left.
* `eachrsplit(string, pattern)` iterates split substrings right to left ([#51646]).
* `Sys.username()` can be used to return the current user's username ([#51897]).
* `wrap(Array, m::Union{MemoryRef{T}, Memory{T}}, dims)` is the safe counterpart to `unsafe_wrap` ([#52049]).
* `GC.logging_enabled()` can be used to test whether GC logging has been enabled via `GC.enable_logging` ([#51647]).
* `IdSet` is now exported from Base and considered public ([#53262]).
* `@time` now reports a count of any lock conflicts where a `ReentrantLock` had to wait, plus a new macro
`@lock_conflicts` which returns that count ([#52883]).
* The new macro `Base.Cartesian.@ncallkw` is analogous to `Base.Cartesian.@ncall`,
but allows adding keyword arguments to the function call ([#51501]).
* New function `Docs.hasdoc(module, symbol)` tells whether a name has a docstring ([#52139]).
* New function `Docs.undocumented_names(module)` returns a module's undocumented public names ([#52413]).

New library features
--------------------
Expand All @@ -99,24 +101,28 @@ New library features
write the output to a stream rather than returning a string ([#48625]).
* New methods `allequal(f, itr)` and `allunique(f, itr)` taking a predicate function ([#47679]).
* `sizehint!(s, n)` now supports an optional `shrink` argument to disable shrinking ([#51929]).
* New function `Docs.hasdoc(module, symbol)` tells whether a name has a docstring ([#52139]).
* New function `Docs.undocumented_names(module)` returns a module's undocumented public names ([#52413]).
* Passing an `IOBuffer` as a stdout argument for `Process` spawn now works as
expected, synchronized with `wait` or `success`, so a `Base.BufferStream` is
no longer required there for correctness to avoid data races ([#52461]).
* After a process exits, `closewrite` will no longer be automatically called on
the stream passed to it. Call `wait` on the process instead to ensure the
content is fully written, then call `closewrite` manually to avoid
data-races. Or use the callback form of `open` to have all that handled
automatically.
* `@timed` now additionally returns the elapsed compilation and recompilation time ([#52889])
data races, or use the callback form of `open` to have all that handled
automatically ([#52461]).
* `@timed` now additionally returns the elapsed compilation and recompilation time ([#52889]).
* `filter` can now act on a `NamedTuple` ([#50795]).
* `Iterators.cycle(iter, n)` runs over `iter` a fixed number of times, instead of forever ([#47354])
* `Iterators.cycle(iter, n)` runs over `iter` a fixed number of times, instead of forever ([#47354]).
* `zero(::AbstractArray)` now applies recursively, so `zero([[1,2],[3,4,5]])` now produces the additive identity `[[0,0],[0,0,0]]` rather than erroring ([#38064]).

Standard library changes
------------------------

* The fallback method `write(::IO, ::AbstractArray)` used to recursively call `write` on each element,
but now writes the in-memory representation of each value. For example, `write(io, 'a':'b')` now
writes 4 bytes for each character, instead of writing the UTF-8 representation of each character.
The new format is compatible with that used by `Array`, making it possible to use `read!` to get
the data back ([#42593]).

#### StyledStrings

* A new standard library for handling styling in a more comprehensive and structured way ([#49586]).
Expand All @@ -134,9 +140,13 @@ Standard library changes
uses `JuliaSyntax` and `StyledStrings` to implement a `highlight` function
that creates an `AnnotatedString` with syntax highlighting applied.

#### Package Manager
#### Libdl

* A new `LazyLibrary` type is exported from `Libdl` for use in building chained lazy library
loads, primarily to be used within JLLs ([#50074]).

#### LinearAlgebra

* `cbrt(::AbstractMatrix{<:Real})` is now defined and returns real-valued matrix cube roots of real-valued matrices ([#50661]).
* `eigvals/eigen(A, bunchkaufman(B))` and `eigvals/eigen(A, lu(B))`, which utilize the Bunchkaufman (LDL) and LU decomposition of `B`,
respectively, now efficiently compute the generalized eigenvalues (`eigen`: and eigenvectors) of `A` and `B`. Note: The second
Expand All @@ -148,15 +158,13 @@ Standard library changes
* `lu` and `issuccess(::LU)` now accept an `allowsingular` keyword argument. When set to `true`, a valid factorization with rank-deficient U factor will be treated as success instead of throwing an error. Such factorizations are now shown by printing the factors together with a "rank-deficient" note rather than printing a "Failed Factorization" message ([#52957]).

#### Logging

* New `@create_log_macro` macro for creating new log macros like `@info`, `@warn` etc. For instance
`@create_log_macro MyLog 1500 :magenta` will create `@mylog` to be used like `@mylog "hello"` which
will show as `┌ MyLog: hello` etc. ([#52196])

#### Printf

#### Profile
will show as `┌ MyLog: hello` etc. ([#52196]).

#### Random

* `rand` now supports sampling over `Tuple` types ([#35856], [#50251]).
* `rand` now supports sampling over `Pair` types ([#28705]).
* When seeding RNGs provided by `Random`, negative integer seeds can now be used ([#51416]).
Expand All @@ -175,18 +183,11 @@ Standard library changes
end
``` ([#51229]).
* Meta-M with an empty prompt now toggles the contextual module between the previous non-Main
contextual module and Main so that switching back and forth is simple. ([#51616], [#52670])
#### SuiteSparse
#### SparseArrays
#### Test
contextual module and Main so that switching back and forth is simple ([#51616], [#52670]).
#### Dates
The undocumented function `adjust` is no longer exported but is now documented
The undocumented function `adjust` is no longer exported but is now documented ([#53092]).
#### Statistics
Expand All @@ -196,23 +197,16 @@ The undocumented function `adjust` is no longer exported but is now documented
* `pmap` now defaults to using a `CachingPool` ([#33892]).
#### Unicode
#### DelimitedFiles
#### InteractiveUtils
Deprecated or removed
---------------------
* `Base.map`, `Iterators.map`, and `foreach` lost their single-argument methods ([#52631]).
External dependencies
---------------------
* `tput` is no longer called to check terminal capabilities, it has been replaced with a pure-Julia terminfo parser ([#50797]).
* The libuv library has been updated from a base of v1.44.2 to v1.48.0 ([#49937]).
* `tput` is no longer called to check terminal capabilities; it has been replaced with a pure-Julia terminfo parser ([#50797]).
Tooling Improvements
--------------------
Expand All @@ -222,3 +216,65 @@ Tooling Improvements
runs on PRs that edit those same files ([#51704]).
<!--- generated by NEWS-update.jl: -->
[#28705]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/28705
[#33892]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/33892
[#34587]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/34587
[#35856]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/35856
[#38064]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/38064
[#42593]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/42593
[#43845]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/43845
[#45156]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/45156
[#46501]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/46501
[#47354]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/47354
[#47679]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/47679
[#48273]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/48273
[#48625]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/48625
[#49546]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/49546
[#49586]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/49586
[#49937]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/49937
[#50074]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/50074
[#50105]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/50105
[#50144]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/50144
[#50251]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/50251
[#50471]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/50471
[#50586]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/50586
[#50661]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/50661
[#50795]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/50795
[#50797]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/50797
[#50958]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/50958
[#50974]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/50974
[#51229]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/51229
[#51319]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/51319
[#51416]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/51416
[#51448]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/51448
[#51487]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/51487
[#51501]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/51501
[#51527]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/51527
[#51616]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/51616
[#51636]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/51636
[#51646]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/51646
[#51647]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/51647
[#51704]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/51704
[#51799]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/51799
[#51897]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/51897
[#51929]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/51929
[#52049]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/52049
[#52096]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/52096
[#52123]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/52123
[#52139]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/52139
[#52180]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/52180
[#52196]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/52196
[#52400]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/52400
[#52413]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/52413
[#52461]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/52461
[#52480]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/52480
[#52573]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/52573
[#52631]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/52631
[#52670]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/52670
[#52837]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/52837
[#52883]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/52883
[#52889]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/52889
[#52898]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/52898
[#52957]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/52957
[#53092]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/53092
[#53262]: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/53262

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