Optimize copy!(::Dict, ::Dict) (#34101)

Co-authored-by: Jameson Nash <vtjnash@gmail.com>

base/dict.jl

@@ -274,6 +274,60 @@ function empty!(h::Dict{K,V}) where V where K
     return h
 end
 
+# Fast pass for exactly same `Dict` type:
+function copy!(dst::D, src::D) where {D <: Dict}
+    copy!(dst.vals, src.vals)
+    copy!(dst.keys, src.keys)
+    copy!(dst.slots, src.slots)
+    dst.ndel = src.ndel
+    dst.count = src.count
+    dst.age = src.age
+    dst.idxfloor = src.idxfloor
+    dst.maxprobe = src.maxprobe
+    return dst
+end
+
+# Fast pass when not changing key types (hence not changing hashes).
+# It is unsafe to call this function in the sense it may leave `dst`
+# in a state that is unsafe to use after `unsafe_copy!` failed.
+function unsafe_copy!(dst::Dict, src::Dict)
+    resize!(dst.vals, length(src.vals))
+    resize!(dst.keys, length(src.keys))
+
+    svals = src.vals
+    skeys = src.keys
+    dvals = dst.vals
+    dkeys = dst.keys
+    @inbounds for i = src.idxfloor:lastindex(svals)
+        if isslotfilled(src, i)
+            dvals[i] = svals[i]
+            dkeys[i] = skeys[i]
+        end
+    end
+
+    copy!(dst.slots, src.slots)
+
+    dst.ndel = src.ndel
+    dst.count = src.count
+    dst.age = src.age
+    dst.idxfloor = src.idxfloor
+    dst.maxprobe = src.maxprobe
+    return dst
+end
+
+function copy!(dst::Dict{Kd}, src::Dict{Ks}) where {Kd, Ks<:Kd}
+    try
+        return unsafe_copy!(dst, src)
+    catch
+        empty!(dst)  # avoid leaving `dst` in a corrupt state
+        rethrow()
+    end
+end
+
+# It's safe to call `unsafe_copy!` if `Vd>:Vs`:
+copy!(dst::Dict{Kd,Vd}, src::Dict{Ks,Vs}) where {Kd, Ks<:Kd, Vd, Vs<:Vd} =
+    unsafe_copy!(dst, src)
+
 # get the index where a key is stored, or -1 if not present
 function ht_keyindex(h::Dict{K,V}, key) where V where K
     sz = length(h.keys)

test/dict.jl

@@ -1071,13 +1071,35 @@ end
 end
 
 @testset "copy!" begin
-    s = Dict(1=>2, 2=>3)
-    for a = ([3=>4], [0x3=>0x4], [3=>4, 5=>6, 7=>8], Pair{UInt,UInt}[3=>4, 5=>6, 7=>8])
-        @test s === copy!(s, Dict(a)) == Dict(a)
-        if length(a) == 1 # current limitation of Base.ImmutableDict
-            @test s === copy!(s, Base.ImmutableDict(a[])) == Dict(a[])
+    @testset "copy!(::$(typeof(s)), _)" for s in Any[
+            Dict(1 => 2, 2 => 3),                      # concrete key type
+            Dict{Union{Int,UInt},Int}(1 => 2, 2 => 3), # union key type
+            Dict{Any,Int}(1 => 2, 2 => 3),             # abstract key type
+            Dict{Int,Float64}(1 => 2, 2 => 3),         # values are converted
+        ]
+        @testset "copy!(_, ::$(typeof(Dict(a))))" for a in Any[
+                [3 => 4],
+                [0x3 => 0x4],
+                [3 => 4, 5 => 6, 7 => 8],
+                Pair{UInt,UInt}[3=>4, 5=>6, 7=>8],
+            ]
+            if s isa Dict{Union{Int,UInt},Int} && a isa Vector{Pair{UInt8,UInt8}}
+                @test_broken s === copy!(s, Dict(a)) == Dict(a)
+                continue
+            end
+            @test s === copy!(s, Dict(a)) == Dict(a)
+            if length(a) == 1 # current limitation of Base.ImmutableDict
+                @test s === copy!(s, Base.ImmutableDict(a[])) == Dict(a[])
+            end
         end
     end
+
+    @testset "no corruption on failed copy!" begin
+        dst = Dict{Int,Int}(1 => 2)
+        # Fails while trying `convert`:
+        @test_throws MethodError copy!(dst, Dict(1 => "2"))
+        @test dst == Dict()
+    end
 end
 
 @testset "map!(f, values(dict))" begin