add support for async backtraces of Tasks on any thread (#51430)

src/Makefile

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ endif
 SRCS := \
 	jltypes gf typemap smallintset ast builtins module interpreter symbol \
 	dlload sys init task array staticdata toplevel jl_uv datatype \
-	simplevector runtime_intrinsics precompile jloptions \
+	simplevector runtime_intrinsics precompile jloptions mtarraylist \
 	threading partr stackwalk gc gc-debug gc-pages gc-stacks gc-alloc-profiler method \
 	jlapi signal-handling safepoint timing subtype rtutils gc-heap-snapshot \
 	crc32c APInt-C processor ircode opaque_closure codegen-stubs coverage runtime_ccall

src/gc-stacks.c

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ static void _jl_free_stack(jl_ptls_t ptls, void *stkbuf, size_t bufsz)
     if (bufsz <= pool_sizes[JL_N_STACK_POOLS - 1]) {
         unsigned pool_id = select_pool(bufsz);
         if (pool_sizes[pool_id] == bufsz) {
-            arraylist_push(&ptls->heap.free_stacks[pool_id], stkbuf);
+            small_arraylist_push(&ptls->heap.free_stacks[pool_id], stkbuf);
             return;
         }
     }
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ void jl_release_task_stack(jl_ptls_t ptls, jl_task_t *task)
 #ifdef _COMPILER_ASAN_ENABLED_
             __asan_unpoison_stack_memory((uintptr_t)stkbuf, bufsz);
 #endif
-            arraylist_push(&ptls->heap.free_stacks[pool_id], stkbuf);
+            small_arraylist_push(&ptls->heap.free_stacks[pool_id], stkbuf);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -160,9 +160,9 @@ JL_DLLEXPORT void *jl_malloc_stack(size_t *bufsz, jl_task_t *owner) JL_NOTSAFEPO
     if (ssize <= pool_sizes[JL_N_STACK_POOLS - 1]) {
         unsigned pool_id = select_pool(ssize);
         ssize = pool_sizes[pool_id];
-        arraylist_t *pool = &ptls->heap.free_stacks[pool_id];
+        small_arraylist_t *pool = &ptls->heap.free_stacks[pool_id];
         if (pool->len > 0) {
-            stk = arraylist_pop(pool);
+            stk = small_arraylist_pop(pool);
         }
     }
     else {
@@ -181,8 +181,8 @@ JL_DLLEXPORT void *jl_malloc_stack(size_t *bufsz, jl_task_t *owner) JL_NOTSAFEPO
     }
     *bufsz = ssize;
     if (owner) {
-        arraylist_t *live_tasks = &ptls->heap.live_tasks;
-        arraylist_push(live_tasks, owner);
+        small_arraylist_t *live_tasks = &ptls->heap.live_tasks;
+        mtarraylist_push(live_tasks, owner);
     }
     return stk;
 }
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ void sweep_stack_pools(void)
 
         // free half of stacks that remain unused since last sweep
         for (int p = 0; p < JL_N_STACK_POOLS; p++) {
-            arraylist_t *al = &ptls2->heap.free_stacks[p];
+            small_arraylist_t *al = &ptls2->heap.free_stacks[p];
             size_t n_to_free;
             if (al->len > MIN_STACK_MAPPINGS_PER_POOL) {
                 n_to_free = al->len / 2;
@@ -217,12 +217,12 @@ void sweep_stack_pools(void)
                 n_to_free = 0;
             }
             for (int n = 0; n < n_to_free; n++) {
-                void *stk = arraylist_pop(al);
+                void *stk = small_arraylist_pop(al);
                 free_stack(stk, pool_sizes[p]);
             }
         }
 
-        arraylist_t *live_tasks = &ptls2->heap.live_tasks;
+        small_arraylist_t *live_tasks = &ptls2->heap.live_tasks;
         size_t n = 0;
         size_t ndel = 0;
         size_t l = live_tasks->len;
@@ -265,24 +265,52 @@ void sweep_stack_pools(void)
 
 JL_DLLEXPORT jl_array_t *jl_live_tasks(void)
 {
-    jl_task_t *ct = jl_current_task;
-    jl_ptls_t ptls = ct->ptls;
-    arraylist_t *live_tasks = &ptls->heap.live_tasks;
-    size_t i, j, l;
-    jl_array_t *a;
-    do {
-        l = live_tasks->len;
-        a = jl_alloc_vec_any(l + 1); // may gc, changing the number of tasks
-    } while (l + 1 < live_tasks->len);
-    l = live_tasks->len;
-    void **lst = live_tasks->items;
-    j = 0;
-    ((void**)jl_array_data(a))[j++] = ptls->root_task;
-    for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-        if (((jl_task_t*)lst[i])->stkbuf != NULL)
-            ((void**)jl_array_data(a))[j++] = lst[i];
+    size_t nthreads = jl_atomic_load_acquire(&jl_n_threads);
+    jl_ptls_t *allstates = jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&jl_all_tls_states);
+    size_t l = 0; // l is not reset on restart, so we keep getting more aggressive at making a big enough list everything it fails
+restart:
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nthreads; i++) {
+        // skip GC threads since they don't have tasks
+        if (gc_first_tid <= i && i < gc_first_tid + jl_n_gcthreads) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        jl_ptls_t ptls2 = allstates[i];
+        if (ptls2 == NULL)
+            continue;
+        small_arraylist_t *live_tasks = &ptls2->heap.live_tasks;
+        size_t n = mtarraylist_length(live_tasks);
+        l += n + (ptls2->root_task->stkbuf != NULL);
+    }
+    l += l / 20; // add 5% for margin of estimation error
+    jl_array_t *a = jl_alloc_vec_any(l); // may gc, changing the number of tasks and forcing us to reload everything
+    nthreads = jl_atomic_load_acquire(&jl_n_threads);
+    allstates = jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&jl_all_tls_states);
+    size_t j = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nthreads; i++) {
+        // skip GC threads since they don't have tasks
+        if (gc_first_tid <= i && i < gc_first_tid + jl_n_gcthreads) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        jl_ptls_t ptls2 = allstates[i];
+        if (ptls2 == NULL)
+            continue;
+        jl_task_t *t = ptls2->root_task;
+        if (t->stkbuf != NULL) {
+            if (j == l)
+                goto restart;
+            ((void**)jl_array_data(a))[j++] = t;
+        }
+        small_arraylist_t *live_tasks = &ptls2->heap.live_tasks;
+        size_t n = mtarraylist_length(live_tasks);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            jl_task_t *t = (jl_task_t*)mtarraylist_get(live_tasks, i);
+            if (t->stkbuf != NULL) {
+                if (j == l)
+                    goto restart;
+                ((void**)jl_array_data(a))[j++] = t;
+            }
+        }
     }
-    l = jl_array_len(a);
     if (j < l) {
         JL_GC_PUSH1(&a);
         jl_array_del_end(a, l - j);

src/gc.c

@@ -959,7 +959,7 @@ JL_DLLEXPORT jl_weakref_t *jl_gc_new_weakref_th(jl_ptls_t ptls,
     jl_weakref_t *wr = (jl_weakref_t*)jl_gc_alloc(ptls, sizeof(void*),
                                                   jl_weakref_type);
     wr->value = value;  // NOTE: wb not needed here
-    arraylist_push(&ptls->heap.weak_refs, wr);
+    small_arraylist_push(&ptls->heap.weak_refs, wr);
     return wr;
 }
 
@@ -3624,8 +3624,10 @@ void jl_init_thread_heap(jl_ptls_t ptls)
         p[i].freelist = NULL;
         p[i].newpages = NULL;
     }
-    arraylist_new(&heap->weak_refs, 0);
-    arraylist_new(&heap->live_tasks, 0);
+    small_arraylist_new(&heap->weak_refs, 0);
+    small_arraylist_new(&heap->live_tasks, 0);
+    for (int i = 0; i < JL_N_STACK_POOLS; i++)
+        small_arraylist_new(&heap->free_stacks[i], 0);
     heap->mallocarrays = NULL;
     heap->mafreelist = NULL;
     heap->big_objects = NULL;

src/interpreter.c

@@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ extern void JL_GC_ENABLEFRAME(interpreter_state*) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT;
 // we define this separately so that we can populate the frame before we add it to the backtrace
 // it's recommended to mark the containing function with NOINLINE, though not essential
 #define JL_GC_ENABLEFRAME(frame) \
-  ((void**)&frame[1])[0] = __builtin_frame_address(0);
+    jl_signal_fence(); \
+    ((void**)&frame[1])[0] = __builtin_frame_address(0);
 
 #endif
 

src/julia.h

@@ -1054,6 +1054,11 @@ JL_DLLEXPORT void *jl_gc_managed_realloc(void *d, size_t sz, size_t oldsz,
                                          int isaligned, jl_value_t *owner);
 JL_DLLEXPORT void jl_gc_safepoint(void);
 
+void *mtarraylist_get(small_arraylist_t *_a, size_t idx) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT;
+size_t mtarraylist_length(small_arraylist_t *_a) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT;
+void mtarraylist_add(small_arraylist_t *_a, void *elt, size_t idx) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT;
+void mtarraylist_push(small_arraylist_t *_a, void *elt) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT;
+
 // object accessors -----------------------------------------------------------
 
 #define jl_svec_len(t)              (((jl_svec_t*)(t))->length)

src/julia_internal.h

@@ -204,6 +204,8 @@ JL_DLLEXPORT void jl_lock_profile(void) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT JL_NOTSAFEPOINT_ENTER;
 JL_DLLEXPORT void jl_unlock_profile(void) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT JL_NOTSAFEPOINT_LEAVE;
 JL_DLLEXPORT void jl_lock_profile_wr(void) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT JL_NOTSAFEPOINT_ENTER;
 JL_DLLEXPORT void jl_unlock_profile_wr(void) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT JL_NOTSAFEPOINT_LEAVE;
+int jl_lock_stackwalk(void) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT JL_NOTSAFEPOINT_ENTER;
+void jl_unlock_stackwalk(int lockret) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT JL_NOTSAFEPOINT_LEAVE;
 
 // number of cycles since power-on
 static inline uint64_t cycleclock(void) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT
@@ -1163,6 +1165,9 @@ void jl_print_bt_entry_codeloc(jl_bt_element_t *bt_data) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT;
 #ifdef _OS_WINDOWS_
 JL_DLLEXPORT void jl_refresh_dbg_module_list(void);
 #endif
+int jl_thread_suspend_and_get_state(int tid, int timeout, bt_context_t *ctx) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT;
+void jl_thread_resume(int tid) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT;
+
 // *to is NULL or malloc'd pointer, from is allowed to be NULL
 STATIC_INLINE char *jl_copy_str(char **to, const char *from) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT
 {

src/julia_threads.h

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ typedef struct {
 
 // handle to reference an OS thread
 #ifdef _OS_WINDOWS_
-typedef DWORD jl_thread_t;
+typedef HANDLE jl_thread_t;
 #else
 typedef pthread_t jl_thread_t;
 #endif
@@ -140,10 +140,10 @@ typedef struct {
 
 typedef struct {
     // variable for tracking weak references
-    arraylist_t weak_refs;
+    small_arraylist_t weak_refs;
     // live tasks started on this thread
     // that are holding onto a stack from the pool
-    arraylist_t live_tasks;
+    small_arraylist_t live_tasks;
 
     // variables for tracking malloc'd arrays
     struct _mallocarray_t *mallocarrays;
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ typedef struct {
     jl_gc_pool_t norm_pools[JL_GC_N_POOLS];
 
 #define JL_N_STACK_POOLS 16
-    arraylist_t free_stacks[JL_N_STACK_POOLS];
+    small_arraylist_t free_stacks[JL_N_STACK_POOLS];
 } jl_thread_heap_t;
 
 typedef struct {

src/mtarraylist.c

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// This file is a part of Julia. License is MIT: https://julialang.org/license
+
+#include "julia.h"
+#include "julia_internal.h"
+#include "julia_assert.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+// this file provides some alternate API functions for small_arraylist (push and add)
+// which can be safely observed from other threads concurrently
+// there is only permitted to be a single writer thread (or a mutex)
+// but there can be any number of observers
+
+typedef struct {
+    _Atomic(uint32_t) len;
+    uint32_t max;
+    _Atomic(_Atomic(void*)*) items;
+    _Atomic(void*) _space[SMALL_AL_N_INLINE];
+} small_mtarraylist_t;
+
+// change capacity to at least newlen
+static void mtarraylist_resizeto(small_mtarraylist_t *a, size_t len, size_t newlen) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT
+{
+    size_t max = a->max;
+    if (newlen > max) {
+        size_t nm = max * 2;
+        if (nm == 0)
+            nm = 1;
+        while (newlen > nm)
+            nm *= 2;
+        void *olditems = (void*)jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&a->items);
+        void *p = calloc_s(nm * sizeof(void*));
+        memcpy(p, olditems, len * sizeof(void*));
+        jl_atomic_store_release(&a->items, (_Atomic(void*)*)p);
+        a->max = nm;
+        if (olditems != (void*)&a->_space[0]) {
+            jl_task_t *ct = jl_current_task;
+            jl_gc_add_quiescent(ct->ptls, (void**)olditems, free);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// single-threaded
+void mtarraylist_push(small_arraylist_t *_a, void *elt)
+{
+    small_mtarraylist_t *a = (small_mtarraylist_t*)_a;
+    size_t len = jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&a->len);
+    mtarraylist_resizeto(a, len, len + 1);
+    jl_atomic_store_release(&jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&a->items)[len], elt);
+    jl_atomic_store_release(&a->len, len + 1);
+}
+
+// single-threaded
+void mtarraylist_add(small_arraylist_t *_a, void *elt, size_t idx)
+{
+    small_mtarraylist_t *a = (small_mtarraylist_t*)_a;
+    size_t len = jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&a->len);
+    mtarraylist_resizeto(a, len, idx + 1);
+    jl_atomic_store_release(&jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&a->items)[idx], elt);
+    if (jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&a->len) < idx + 1)
+        jl_atomic_store_release(&a->len, idx + 1);
+}
+
+// concurrent-safe
+size_t mtarraylist_length(small_arraylist_t *_a)
+{
+    small_mtarraylist_t *a = (small_mtarraylist_t*)_a;
+    return jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&a->len);
+}
+
+// concurrent-safe
+void *mtarraylist_get(small_arraylist_t *_a, size_t idx)
+{
+    small_mtarraylist_t *a = (small_mtarraylist_t*)_a;
+    size_t len = jl_atomic_load_acquire(&a->len);
+    if (idx >= len)
+        return NULL;
+    return jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&a->items)[idx]);
+}

src/signals-mach.c

@@ -384,12 +384,12 @@ static void attach_exception_port(thread_port_t thread, int segv_only)
     HANDLE_MACH_ERROR("thread_set_exception_ports", ret);
 }
 
-static int jl_thread_suspend_and_get_state2(int tid, host_thread_state_t *ctx)
+static int jl_thread_suspend_and_get_state2(int tid, host_thread_state_t *ctx) JL_NOTSAFEPOINT
 {
     jl_ptls_t ptls2 = jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&jl_all_tls_states)[tid];
     if (ptls2 == NULL) // this thread is not alive
         return 0;
-    jl_task_t *ct2 = ptls2 ? jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&ptls2->current_task) : NULL;
+    jl_task_t *ct2 = jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&ptls2->current_task);
     if (ct2 == NULL) // this thread is already dead
         return 0;
 
@@ -407,18 +407,18 @@ static int jl_thread_suspend_and_get_state2(int tid, host_thread_state_t *ctx)
     return 1;
 }
 
-static void jl_thread_suspend_and_get_state(int tid, int timeout, unw_context_t **ctx)
+int jl_thread_suspend_and_get_state(int tid, int timeout, bt_context_t *ctx)
 {
     (void)timeout;
-    static host_thread_state_t state;
+    host_thread_state_t state;
     if (!jl_thread_suspend_and_get_state2(tid, &state)) {
-        *ctx = NULL;
-        return;
+        return 0;
     }
-    *ctx = (unw_context_t*)&state;
+    *ctx = *(unw_context_t*)&state;
+    return 1;
 }
 
-static void jl_thread_resume(int tid, int sig)
+void jl_thread_resume(int tid)
 {
     jl_ptls_t ptls2 = jl_atomic_load_relaxed(&jl_all_tls_states)[tid];
     mach_port_t thread = pthread_mach_thread_np(ptls2->system_id);
@@ -593,8 +593,15 @@ static void jl_unlock_profile_mach(int dlsymlock, int keymgr_locked)
     jl_unlock_profile();
 }
 
-#define jl_lock_profile()       int keymgr_locked = jl_lock_profile_mach(1)
-#define jl_unlock_profile()     jl_unlock_profile_mach(1, keymgr_locked)
+int jl_lock_stackwalk(void)
+{
+    return jl_lock_profile_mach(1);
+}
+
+void jl_unlock_stackwalk(int lockret)
+{
+    jl_unlock_profile_mach(1, lockret);
+}
 
 void *mach_profile_listener(void *arg)
 {
@@ -691,7 +698,7 @@ void *mach_profile_listener(void *arg)
                 bt_data_prof[bt_size_cur++].uintptr = 0;
             }
             // We're done! Resume the thread.
-            jl_thread_resume(i, 0);
+            jl_thread_resume(i);
         }
         jl_unlock_profile_mach(0, keymgr_locked);
         if (running) {