Add ability for TQDMProgressBar to retain prior epoch training bars

[jojje]

What does this PR do?

Adds the ability to retain tqdm progress bars from prior training epochs.

Fixes #19322

Before submitting

• Was this discussed/agreed via a GitHub issue? (not for typos and docs).
  A: No, an issue was was opened but there is no PR yet to discuss (catch 22).
• [ X ] Did you read the contributor guideline, Pull Request section?
• [ X ] Did you make sure your PR does only one thing, instead of bundling different changes together?
• Did you make sure to update the documentation with your changes? (if necessary)
  A: Yes.
• Did you write any new necessary tests? (not for typos and docs)
  A: No. The goal was to not break any existing behavior so the existing TQDMProgressBar test suite was used to ensure that objective.
• [ X ] Did you verify new and existing tests pass locally with your changes?
  A: Partly, I only ran the TQDMProgressBar test suite, since the other's mostly failed on my machine even before the change was made. As such am submitting a draft PR to ensure the entire test suite passes using the project's CI system before it's worth discussing the PR.
• Did you list all the breaking changes introduced by this pull request?
  A: N/A, No breaking changes intended.
• Did you update the CHANGELOG? (not for typos, docs, test updates, or minor internal changes/refactors):
  A: Yes

PR review

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Reviewer checklist

• Is this pull request ready for review? (if not, please submit in draft mode)
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📚 Documentation preview 📚: https://pytorch-lightning--19578.org.readthedocs.build/en/19578/

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 81%. Comparing base (83ba2df) to head (df114b6).
Report is 39 commits behind head on master.

❗ There is a different number of reports uploaded between BASE (83ba2df) and HEAD (df114b6). Click for more details.

HEAD has 90 uploads less than BASE

Flag	BASE (83ba2df)	HEAD (df114b6)
gpu	4	2
pytest	25	2
lightning_fabric	7	0
cpu	42	21
python3.10	12	6
python3.9	12	6
lightning	32	16
python3.11	12	6
python3.12	6	3

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##           master   #19578     +/-   ##
=========================================
- Coverage      89%      81%     -8%     
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  Files         267      264      -3     
  Lines       23045    22995     -50     
=========================================
- Hits        20547    18588   -1959     
- Misses       2498     4407   +1909