tidal-campaigns.json

{
  "authors": [
    "Tidal Cyber"
  ],
  "category": "Campaigns",
  "description": "Tidal Campaigns Cluster",
  "name": "Tidal Campaigns",
  "source": "https://app-api.tidalcyber.com/api/v1/campaigns/",
  "type": "campaigns",
  "uuid": "3db4b6cb-5b89-4096-a057-e0205777adc9",
  "values": [
    {
      "description": "[2015 Ukraine Electric Power Attack](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/96e367d0-a744-5b63-85ec-595f505248a3) was a [Sandworm Team](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/16a65ee9-cd60-4f04-ba34-f2f45fcfc666) campaign during which they used [BlackEnergy](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/908216c7-3ad4-4e0c-9dd3-a7ed5d1c695f) (specifically BlackEnergy3) and [KillDisk](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/b5532e91-d267-4819-a05d-8c5358995add) to target and disrupt transmission and distribution substations within the Ukrainian power grid. This campaign was the first major public attack conducted against the Ukrainian power grid by Sandworm Team.",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0028",
        "first_seen": "2015-12-01T05:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2016-01-01T05:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE",
        "tags": [
          "3ed3f7a6-b446-4fbc-a433-ff1d63c0e647"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "96e367d0-a744-5b63-85ec-595f505248a3",
      "value": "2015 Ukraine Electric Power Attack"
    },
    {
      "description": "[2016 Ukraine Electric Power Attack](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/06197e03-e1c1-56af-ba98-5071f98f91f1) was a [Sandworm Team](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/16a65ee9-cd60-4f04-ba34-f2f45fcfc666) campaign during which they used [Industroyer](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/09398a7c-aee5-44af-b99d-f73d3b39c299) malware to target and disrupt distribution substations within the Ukrainian power grid. This campaign was the second major public attack conducted against Ukraine by [Sandworm Team](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/16a65ee9-cd60-4f04-ba34-f2f45fcfc666).<sup>[[ESET Industroyer](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/9197f712-3c53-4746-9722-30e248511611)]</sup><sup>[[Dragos Crashoverride 2018](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/d14442d5-2557-4a92-9a29-b15a20752f56)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0025",
        "first_seen": "2016-12-01T05:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2016-12-01T05:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE",
        "tags": [
          "3ed3f7a6-b446-4fbc-a433-ff1d63c0e647"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "06197e03-e1c1-56af-ba98-5071f98f91f1",
      "value": "2016 Ukraine Electric Power Attack"
    },
    {
      "description": "The [2022 Ukraine Electric Power Attack](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/a79e06d1-df08-5c72-9180-2c373274f889) was a [Sandworm Team](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/16a65ee9-cd60-4f04-ba34-f2f45fcfc666) campaign that used a combination of GOGETTER, Neo-REGEORG, [CaddyWiper](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/62d0ddcd-790d-4d2d-9d94-276f54b40cf0), and living of the land (LotL) techniques to gain access to a Ukrainian electric utility to send unauthorized commands from their SCADA system.<sup>[[Mandiant-Sandworm-Ukraine-2022](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/7ad64744-2790-54e4-97cd-e412423f6ada)]</sup><sup>[[Dragos-Sandworm-Ukraine-2022](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/a17aa1b1-cda4-5aeb-b401-f4fd47d29f93)]</sup> ",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0034",
        "first_seen": "2022-06-01T04:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-10-01T04:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE",
        "tags": [
          "3ed3f7a6-b446-4fbc-a433-ff1d63c0e647"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "a79e06d1-df08-5c72-9180-2c373274f889",
      "value": "2022 Ukraine Electric Power Attack"
    },
    {
      "description": "In July 2023, U.S. authorities released joint Cybersecurity Advisory AA23-187A, which detailed increased observations of new variants of the Truebot botnet malware infecting organizations in the United States and Canada. Authorities assessed that Truebot infections are primarily motivated around collection and exfiltration of sensitive victim data for financial gain. Officials also assessed that actors were using both spearphishing emails containing malicious hyperlinks and exploitation of CVE-2022-31199 in the IT system auditing application Netwrix Auditor to deliver Truebot during these attacks. Additional tools associated with the attacks included Raspberry Robin for initial infections, FlawedGrace and Cobalt Strike for various post-exploitation activities, and Teleport, a custom tool for data exfiltration.<sup>[[U.S. CISA Increased Truebot Activity July 6 2023](/references/6f9b8f72-c55f-4268-903e-1f8a82efa5bb)]</sup>\n\nThe Advisory did not provide specific impacted victim sectors. The Advisory referred to activity taking place “in recent months” prior to July 2023 but did not provide an estimated date when the summarized activity began. A public threat report referenced in the Advisory reported an observed increase in Truebot infections beginning in August 2022, including several compromises involving education sector organizations.<sup>[[U.S. CISA Increased Truebot Activity July 6 2023](/references/6f9b8f72-c55f-4268-903e-1f8a82efa5bb)]</sup><sup>[[Cisco Talos Blog December 08 2022](/references/bcf92374-48a3-480f-a679-9fd34b67bcdd)]</sup>\n\n**Related Vulnerabilities**: CVE-2022-31199<sup>[[U.S. CISA Increased Truebot Activity July 6 2023](/references/6f9b8f72-c55f-4268-903e-1f8a82efa5bb)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3003",
        "first_seen": "2022-08-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-05-31T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "1dc8fd1e-0737-405a-98a1-111dd557f1b5",
          "15787198-6c8b-4f79-bf50-258d55072fee",
          "7cc57262-5081-447e-85a3-31ebb4ab2ae5"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "87e14285-b86f-4f50-8d60-85398ba728b1",
      "value": "2023 Increased Truebot Activity"
    },
    {
      "description": "In August 2023, U.S. Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and Norwegian National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC-NO) authorities released Cybersecurity Advisory AA23-213A, which detailed observed exploitation of two vulnerabilities, CVE-2023-35078 and CVE-2023-35081, affecting Ivanti Endpoint Manager Mobile (EPMM), a solution which provides elevated access to an organization's mobile devices. According to the Advisory, authorities observed unspecified advanced persistent threat (APT) actors exploiting CVE-2023-35078 as a zero-day from at least April 2023 in order to gather information from unspecified organizations in Norway, and to gain initial access to a Norwegian government agency.\n\nIvanti released a CVE-2023-35078 patch on July 23, but then determined that CVE-2023-35081 could be chained together with the first vulnerability, a process which can enable arbitrary upload and execution of actor files, such as web shells. Ivanti released a CVE-2023-35081 patch on July 28. The Advisory provided mitigation recommendations, vulnerability and compromise identification methods, and incident response guidance, which can be found in the [source report](https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-213a).<sup>[[U.S. CISA CVE-2023-35078 Exploits](/references/62305b8a-76c8-49ec-82dc-6756643ccf7a)]</sup>\n\n**Related Vulnerabilities**: CVE-2023-35078<sup>[[U.S. CISA CVE-2023-35078 Exploits](/references/62305b8a-76c8-49ec-82dc-6756643ccf7a)]</sup>, CVE-2023-35081<sup>[[U.S. CISA CVE-2023-35078 Exploits](/references/62305b8a-76c8-49ec-82dc-6756643ccf7a)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3007",
        "first_seen": "2023-04-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-07-28T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "2d80c940-ba2c-4d45-8272-69928953e9eb",
          "15787198-6c8b-4f79-bf50-258d55072fee",
          "a98d7a43-f227-478e-81de-e7299639a355",
          "81e948b3-5ec0-4df8-b6e7-1b037b1b2e67",
          "7551097a-dfdd-426f-aaa2-a2916dd9b873"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "33fd2417-0a9c-4748-ab99-0e641ab29fbc",
      "value": "2023 Ivanti EPMM APT Vulnerability Exploits"
    },
    {
      "description": "In September 2023, U.S. cybersecurity authorities released Cybersecurity Advisory AA23-250A, which detailed multiple intrusions in early 2023 involving an aeronautical sector organization and attributed to multiple unspecified “nation-state advanced persistent threat (APT) actors”. As early as January, one set of actors exploited CVE-2022-47966, a vulnerability in the Zoho ManageEngine ServiceDesk Plus IT service management application that allows remote code execution, to access the organization’s public-facing web servers. A separate set of actors was also observed exploiting CVE-2022-42475, a vulnerability in Fortinet, Inc.’s FortiOS SSL-VPN that also allows remote code execution, to gain access to the organization’s firewall devices.\n\nAfter gaining access, the actors downloaded malware, performed network discovery, collected administrator credentials, and moved laterally, but according to the advisory, unclear data storage records inhibited insight into whether any proprietary information was accessed, altered, or exfiltrated. A common behavior among both sets of actors was log deletion from critical servers and the use of disabled, legitimate administrator credentials, which in one case belonged to a previously employed contractor (the organization confirmed the credentials were disabled before the observed threat activity).<sup>[[U.S. CISA Zoho Exploits September 7 2023](/references/6bb581e8-ed0e-41fe-bf95-49b5d11b4e6b)]</sup>\n\nIn addition to behavioral observations and indicators of compromise, the Advisory provided detection and mitigation guidance, which can be found in the [source report](https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-250a).\n\n**Related Vulnerabilities**: CVE-2022-47966, CVE-2022-42475, CVE-2021-44228<sup>[[U.S. CISA Zoho Exploits September 7 2023](/references/6bb581e8-ed0e-41fe-bf95-49b5d11b4e6b)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3009",
        "first_seen": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-04-01T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "15787198-6c8b-4f79-bf50-258d55072fee",
          "a98d7a43-f227-478e-81de-e7299639a355",
          "7e6ef160-8e4f-4132-bdc4-9991f01c472e",
          "793f4441-3916-4b3d-a3fd-686a59dc3de2",
          "532b7819-d407-41e9-9733-0d716b69eb17"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "d25f0485-fdf3-4b85-b2ec-53e98e215d0b",
      "value": "2023 Zoho ManageEngine APT Exploits"
    },
    {
      "description": "AMBERSQUID is a \"cloud-native\" financially motivated threat operation that specifically leverages AWS services. Researchers estimated that AMBERSQUID cryptojacking activity could cost its victims more than $10,000 per day.<sup>[[Sysdig AMBERSQUID September 18 2023](/references/7ffa880f-5854-4b8a-83f5-da42c1c39345)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3030",
        "first_seen": "2022-05-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-03-31T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2e5f6e4a-4579-46f7-9997-6923180815dd",
          "8d95e4d6-9a1e-4920-9f5c-83d9fe07a66e",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "cf42d51a-8002-4f04-a930-21c15115769f",
      "value": "AMBERSQUID"
    },
    {
      "description": "In July 2024, U.S. cybersecurity authorities and international partners published Cybersecurity Advisory AA24-207A, which detailed North Korean state-sponsored cyber espionage activity likely intended to support the regime's military and nuclear development programs. The advisory focused on an actor group tracked as Andariel, Onyx Sleet, and APT45 and highlighted how this group has shifted from conducting destructive attacks to carrying out espionage operations that have been funded through ransomware. Where past destructive operations mainly targeted U.S. and South Korean entities, recent espionage attacks targeted various defense, aerospace, nuclear, and engineering organizations, while ransomware attacks targeted U.S. healthcare entities.\n\nAndariel actors gain initial access especially by exploiting software vulnerabilities, use widely available tools for discovery and privilege escalation, and leverage a wide range of custom as well as commodity malware. The advisory does not clearly identify the timeframe in which malicious activities were observed, although it discusses actors' exploits of vulnerabilities disclosed in 2017, 2019, and especially 2021, 2022, and 2023 and referenced public threat reporting published from March 2021 through May 2024.<sup>[[U.S. CISA Andariel July 25 2024](/references/b615953e-3c6c-4201-914c-4b75e45bb9ed)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3048",
        "first_seen": "2021-03-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-05-30T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "af5e9be5-b86e-47af-91dd-966a5e34a186",
          "27a117ce-bb19-4f79-9bc2-a851b69c5c50",
          "6070668f-1cbd-4878-8066-c636d1d8659c",
          "61cdbb28-cbfd-498b-9ab1-1f14337f9524",
          "e551ae97-d1b4-484e-9267-89f33829ec2c",
          "15787198-6c8b-4f79-bf50-258d55072fee",
          "4f4744b0-8401-423c-9ed0-3cb2985d9fd3",
          "ddfaecd0-bd3e-41ac-85c7-ca2156684343",
          "0dbed83d-af67-4ce0-a1ee-16f1165fdc0f",
          "6422a882-7606-4aa3-b994-f917f53c2ada",
          "c1b123d2-ce58-4345-8482-d1da27b3c053",
          "f166e59e-9877-4102-a39b-fae38df4b790",
          "6a82d685-3f77-498d-91c3-a759292ec2da",
          "a32a757a-9d6b-43ca-ac4b-5f695dd0f110",
          "ac70560d-c3e7-4b40-a4d6-a3287e3d952b",
          "75f62312-a7ee-4534-8c8a-e3b7366a3a4b",
          "887d1cfe-d0c5-431c-8dce-0e1b9a2505aa",
          "96eec53f-355c-406c-87ba-18c3be4c69a1",
          "54fafdbe-1ea0-4f48-99ad-757c8fe50df2",
          "35b334ec-4169-4898-ab90-487eea7feb69",
          "4ac4e1b9-2192-47ac-a4d1-3a31aa0f2140",
          "936a56f5-a4f1-42d8-83b7-c44399ead661",
          "0d19ceed-28f6-4258-b365-f6e6f296121d",
          "037cc75c-9683-49db-aaa8-c8142763bb87",
          "ff71ed89-8355-4abc-9da4-eb4768a38c9c",
          "6fade0a3-0c26-4a11-b81e-25d20e38bdd3",
          "3b54d8a5-580f-43bf-a12d-8e011f953bad",
          "0f6e72e1-ba8f-4d1d-920d-d8945a4fee59",
          "7bbc5366-897a-4505-bc68-3a18e3d4cf44",
          "4cd85398-c33a-4374-9a76-2bbf297cca63",
          "5ec8231e-70e9-4675-b922-368bcb9e914a",
          "21c64d34-e52a-42ba-a8c7-85aa82dc0b3f",
          "cd9ab9e7-248f-4097-b120-a42834ce0f89",
          "91ddbeac-b587-4978-a80d-543a5d96cb77",
          "b8448700-7ed0-48b8-85f5-ed23e0d9ab97",
          "12b074b9-6748-4ad7-880f-836cb80587e1",
          "45f92502-0775-4fc6-8fcd-97b325ea49a9",
          "cddb4563-fe90-4c72-be81-6256d175a698",
          "69f278d7-194f-42d0-8f83-11de9f861264",
          "f0c58aa3-5d21-4ade-95a0-b775dde7e8a3",
          "5f9b1c23-81f8-4aa3-8d97-235302e77eec",
          "d842c7ff-e3d3-4534-9ed7-283752f4bbe2",
          "ecd84106-2a5b-4d25-854e-b8d1f57f6b75",
          "7e6ef160-8e4f-4132-bdc4-9991f01c472e",
          "532b7819-d407-41e9-9733-0d716b69eb17",
          "e401022a-36ac-486d-8503-dd531410a927",
          "173e1480-8d9b-49c5-854d-594dde9740d6",
          "7551097a-dfdd-426f-aaa2-a2916dd9b873",
          "c475ad68-3fdc-4725-8abc-784c56125e96",
          "08809fa0-61b6-4394-b103-1c4d19a5be16",
          "4ac8dcde-2665-4066-9ad9-b5572d5f0d28",
          "5e7433ad-a894-4489-93bc-41e90da90019",
          "7e7b0c67-bb85-4996-a289-da0e792d7172"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "458dc371-5dc2-4e6c-8157-3a872dd29726",
      "value": "Andariel Espionage Activity"
    },
    {
      "description": "Threat actors, believed to be associated with the FIN7 financially motivated adversary group, stood up malicious hosting websites impersonating prominent brands in the financial services, technology/SaaS, and media sectors, then used paid web search advertisements to direct victims to these sites. Victims were then tricked into downloading malicious binaries, which ultimately led to the ingress of the NetSupport RAT and/or DiceLoader (aka Lizar) malware (these latter tools are known to be used for a range of persistent access and malware ingress purposes).<sup>[[Esentire 5 8 2024](/references/67c3a7ed-e2e2-4566-aca7-61e766f177bf)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3038",
        "first_seen": "2024-04-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-04-30T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "2b869157-0b66-42fc-8ead-171160412660",
      "value": "April 2024 FIN7 Malvertising Campaign"
    },
    {
      "description": "In April 2023, U.S. and UK cybersecurity authorities released joint Cybersecurity Advisory AA23-108, which detailed a campaign by Russia-backed APT28 to compromise vulnerable routers running Cisco Internetworking Operating System (IOS). Actors collected device information and conducted further network reconnaissance on victims “worldwide”, including U.S. government institutions, 250 Ukrainian entities, and “a small number” of victims elsewhere in Europe. Adversary activity occurred over an unspecified timeframe in 2021.\n\nActors exploited CVE-2017-6742, a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) vulnerability for which Cisco released a patch in 2017, and used default authentication strings to gain initial access to devices and subsequently gather router information, such as router interface details. In some cases, authorities observed actors deploying Jaguar Tooth, a malicious software bundle consisting of a series of payloads and patches. Jaguar Tooth deployments allowed actors to collect further device information via execution of Cisco IOS Command Line Interface commands, discover other network devices, and achieve unauthenticated, backdoor access to victim systems.<sup>[[U.S. CISA APT28 Cisco Routers April 18 2023](/references/c532a6fc-b27f-4240-a071-3eaa866bce89)]</sup>\n\nIn addition to behavioral observations, the Advisory also provided mitigation recommendations and indicators of compromise, which can be found in the [source report](https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-108).\n\n**Related Vulnerabilities**: CVE-2017-6742<sup>[[U.S. CISA APT28 Cisco Routers April 18 2023](/references/c532a6fc-b27f-4240-a071-3eaa866bce89)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3008",
        "first_seen": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2021-12-31T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "f01290d9-7160-44cb-949f-ee4947d04b6f",
          "b20e7912-6a8d-46e3-8e13-9a3fc4813852"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "ed8de8c3-03d2-4892-bd74-ccbc9afc3935",
      "value": "APT28 Cisco Router Exploits"
    },
    {
      "description": "U.S. authorities and various international partners released joint cybersecurity advisory AA20-150A, which detailed a series of attacks linked to APT28 that leveraged compromised Ubiquiti EdgeRouters to facilitate the attacks. Actors used the network of compromised routers for a range of malicious activities, including harvesting credentials, proxying network traffic, and hosting fake landing pages and post-exploitation tools. Attacks targeted organizations in a wide range of sectors around the world.<sup>[[U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation 2 27 2024](/references/962fb031-dfd1-43a7-8202-3a2231b0472b)]</sup> According to a separate U.S. Justice Department announcement, the botnet involved in these attacks differed from previous APT28-linked cases, since nation-state actors accessed routers that had been initially compromised by a separate, unspecified cybercriminal group.<sup>[[U.S. Justice Department GRU Botnet February 2024](/references/26a554dc-39c0-4638-902d-7e84fe01b961)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3027",
        "first_seen": "2022-12-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "af5e9be5-b86e-47af-91dd-966a5e34a186",
          "6070668f-1cbd-4878-8066-c636d1d8659c",
          "d8f7e071-fbfd-46f8-b431-e241bb1513ac",
          "61cdbb28-cbfd-498b-9ab1-1f14337f9524",
          "e551ae97-d1b4-484e-9267-89f33829ec2c",
          "a98d7a43-f227-478e-81de-e7299639a355",
          "916ea1e8-d117-45a4-8564-0597a02b06e4",
          "b20e7912-6a8d-46e3-8e13-9a3fc4813852",
          "e809d252-12cc-494d-94f5-954c49eb87ce"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "2514a83a-3516-4d5d-a13c-2b6175989a26",
      "value": "APT28 Router Compromise Attacks"
    },
    {
      "description": "UK cybersecurity authorities and international partners published Cybersecurity Advisory AA24-057A (February 2024), which detailed recent tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) used by Russian state-backed adversary group APT29 to target cloud environments. The advisory indicated that as more government agencies and enterprises move elements of their operations to cloud infrastructure, APT29 actors have especially adapted their TTPs for gaining initial access into these cloud environments.<sup>[[U.S. CISA APT29 Cloud Access](/references/e9e08eca-1e01-4ff0-a8ef-49ecf66aaf3d)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3028",
        "first_seen": "2023-02-26T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-02-26T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "af5e9be5-b86e-47af-91dd-966a5e34a186",
          "291c006e-f77a-4c9c-ae7e-084974c0e1eb"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "c1257a02-716f-4477-9eab-c38827418ed2",
      "value": "APT29 Cloud TTP Evolution"
    },
    {
      "description": "*Operationalize this intelligence by pivoting to relevant defensive resources via the Techniques below. Alternatively, use the **Add to Matrix** button above, then overlay entire sets of capabilities from your own defensive stack to identify threat overlaps & potential gaps (watch a [60-second tutorial here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jBo3XLO01E)).*\n\nIn December 2023, U.S. cybersecurity authorities and international partners released Cybersecurity Advisory AA23-347A, which detailed large-scale observed exploitation of CVE-2023-42793 since September 2023 by cyber threat actors associated with Russia’s Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR). According to the advisory, these actors are also known as APT29, the Dukes, CozyBear, and NOBELIUM/Midnight Blizzard.\n\nCVE-2023-42793 is an authentication bypass vulnerability in the JetBrains TeamCity software development program. After exploiting the vulnerability to gain access into victim networks, SVR actors were then observed escalating privileges, moving laterally, and deploying additional backdoors in an apparent effort to maintain long-term persistent access to victim environments. The advisory noted how SVR actors used access gained during the 2020 compromise of SolarWinds, another software company, to conduct supply chain operations affecting SolarWinds customers, but it also noted that such activity has not been observed in this case to date.\n\nJetBrains released a patch for CVE-2023-42793 in September 2023. The advisory indicated that the compromises observed to date appear to be opportunistic, impacting unpatched, internet-accessible TeamCity servers. “A few dozen” compromised entities have been identified so far (companies in disparate sectors in the United States, Europe, Asia, and Australia), but authorities assess that this tally does not represent the full number of compromised victims. Indicators of compromise, mitigation guidance, and detection resources – including Sigma and YARA rules – can be found in the [source report](https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-347a).<sup>[[U.S. CISA SVR TeamCity Exploits December 2023](/references/5f66f864-58c2-4b41-8011-61f954e04b7e)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3017",
        "first_seen": "2023-09-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-12-14T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "08809fa0-61b6-4394-b103-1c4d19a5be16",
          "4a457eb3-e404-47e5-b349-8b1f743dc657"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "80ae546a-70e5-4427-be1d-e74efc428ffd",
      "value": "APT29 TeamCity Exploits"
    },
    {
      "description": "On July 8, 2024, international authorities published an advisory (CISA Alert AA24-190A) that detailed recent activity associated with APT40, a Chinese state-sponsored cyber espionage group. The advisory covers observed attacks on Australian organizations, but the group has been recently active elsewhere (Tidal metadata shows observed activity historically across East/Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and North America). The advisory emphasized that the recently published TTPs are relevant for defenders at organizations “globally”.\n\nThe advisory spotlighted the group's efforts to compromise outdated small-office/home-office (SOHO) routers via vulnerability exploits, using the routers as infrastructure to carry out further attacks. However, the advisory also summarized a range of other Techniques not previously associated with APT40, which were used at phases across the attack chain, including for persistence, credential access, lateral movement, collection, and exfiltration.<sup>[[U.S. CISA APT40 July 8 2024](/references/3bf90a48-caf6-4b9d-adc2-3d1176f49ffc)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3047",
        "first_seen": "2022-04-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-09-30T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "96d58ca1-ab18-4e53-8891-d8ba62a47e5d",
          "6070668f-1cbd-4878-8066-c636d1d8659c",
          "d8f7e071-fbfd-46f8-b431-e241bb1513ac",
          "758c3085-2f79-40a8-ab95-f8a684737927",
          "1dc8fd1e-0737-405a-98a1-111dd557f1b5",
          "61cdbb28-cbfd-498b-9ab1-1f14337f9524",
          "e551ae97-d1b4-484e-9267-89f33829ec2c",
          "15787198-6c8b-4f79-bf50-258d55072fee",
          "35e694ec-5133-46e3-b7e1-5831867c3b55",
          "375983b3-6e87-4281-99e2-1561519dd17b",
          "3ed2343c-a29c-42e2-8259-410381164c6a",
          "a46c422c-5dad-49fc-a4ac-169a075a4d9a",
          "2eeef0b4-08b5-4d25-84f7-25d41fe6305b",
          "64d3f7d8-30b7-4b03-bee2-a6029672216c",
          "7e6ef160-8e4f-4132-bdc4-9991f01c472e",
          "b20e7912-6a8d-46e3-8e13-9a3fc4813852"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "3db5682a-0b99-4653-b487-bd0d30292a19",
      "value": "APT40 Recent Tradecraft"
    },
    {
      "description": "*We are no longer maintaining this object in favor of a similar object subsequently published by MITRE: \"APT41 DUST\" (Campaign). All relevant Tidal content extensions (e.g. additional Technique and Object relationships and metadata) have been added to the MITRE-authored object.*\n\nIn July 2024, security researchers publicized a campaign attributed to Chinese state-sponsored espionage group APT41, where actors gained and maintained long-term access to various organizations' networks in multiple sectors around the world. Victims belonged to the shipping/logistics, media, entertainment, technology, and automotive industries and were located in western Europe, the Middle East, and East and Southeast Asia. Actors used a combination of red teaming tools, publicly available software, and custom malware for persistence, command and control, data collection, and exfiltration to Microsoft OneDrive accounts. The intrusions were notable for featuring the reemergence of DUSTPAN, a dropper not observed since a series of older APT41 compromises in 2021 & 2022.<sup>[[Mandiant APT41 July 18 2024](/references/34ee3a7c-27c0-492f-a3c6-a5a3e86915f0)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3049",
        "first_seen": "2023-03-21T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-07-16T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "ea6266fd-50a7-4223-ade3-e60c3467f540",
      "value": "APT41 2023-2024 Persistence & Exfiltration Activity (Deprecated)"
    },
    {
      "description": "[APT41 DUST](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/b90adbbd-0fe3-5c5f-9433-543a5f01b0ae) was conducted by [APT41](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/502223ee-8947-42f8-a532-a3b3da12b7d9) from 2023 to July 2024 against entities in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. [APT41 DUST](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/b90adbbd-0fe3-5c5f-9433-543a5f01b0ae) targeted sectors such as shipping, logistics, and media for information gathering purposes. [APT41](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/502223ee-8947-42f8-a532-a3b3da12b7d9) used previously-observed malware such as [DUSTPAN](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/78454d3f-fa12-5b6f-9390-6412064d7c8d) as well as newly observed tools such as [DUSTTRAP](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/ed72d5bb-2cf7-51a4-9d76-97fbd11c54d0) in [APT41 DUST](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/b90adbbd-0fe3-5c5f-9433-543a5f01b0ae).<sup>[[Google Cloud APT41 2024](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/33bb9f8a-db9d-5dda-b4ae-2ba7fee0a0ae)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0040",
        "first_seen": "2023-01-31T23:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-06-30T22:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "b90adbbd-0fe3-5c5f-9433-543a5f01b0ae",
      "value": "APT41 DUST"
    },
    {
      "description": "ArcaneDoor was a campaign, which likely ran from November 2023 until around February 2024, that targeted Cisco Adaptive Security Appliances (ASAs). ASAs are network devices that combine firewall, VPN, and other functionality. The campaign targeted unspecified government institutions around the world and was believed to have been conducted for espionage purposes.<sup>[[Cisco Talos ArcaneDoor April 24 2024](/references/531c3f6f-2d2b-4774-b069-e2b7a13602c1)]</sup>\n\nResearchers attributed the campaign to UAT4356 (aka Storm-1849), a possible China-linked adversary.<sup>[[Wired ArcaneDoor April 24 2024](/references/05a8afd3-0173-41ca-b23b-196ea0f3b1c1)]</sup> The initial access vector for the ArcaneDoor attacks remains unclear. After gaining a foothold, actors used the Line Dancer tool to upload Line Runner, a persistence and arbitrary code execution capability, to compromised ASAs (Cisco assigned two vulnerabilities, CVE-2024-20359 and CVE-2024-20353, to these activities). Responders observed various actions on objectives during the attacks, including device configuration modification, network traffic capture, and possible lateral movement.<sup>[[Cisco Talos ArcaneDoor April 24 2024](/references/531c3f6f-2d2b-4774-b069-e2b7a13602c1)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3036",
        "first_seen": "2023-11-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-02-29T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "a159c91c-5258-49ea-af7d-e803008d97d3",
          "af5e9be5-b86e-47af-91dd-966a5e34a186",
          "15787198-6c8b-4f79-bf50-258d55072fee",
          "6bb2f579-a5cd-4647-9dcd-eff05efe3679",
          "c25f341a-7030-4688-a00b-6d637298e52e",
          "9768aada-9d63-4d46-ab9f-d41b8c8e4010",
          "2e85babc-77cd-4455-9c6e-312223a956de",
          "0d3ca5b9-2ea9-4daf-b3b5-11f1c6f9ebd3"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "ccc6401a-b79f-424b-8617-3c2d55475584",
      "value": "ArcaneDoor"
    },
    {
      "description": "This object represents a collection of MITRE ATT&CK® Techniques related to an incident response where an attacker used exposed cloud credentials to gain access to an AWS environment and ultimately collect and exfiltrate data before deleting files and leaving a ransom note extorting the victim to recover the stolen data.<sup>[[Www.invictus-ir.com 1 11 2024](/references/5e2a0756-d8f6-4359-9ca3-1e96fb8b5ac9)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3034",
        "first_seen": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2e5f6e4a-4579-46f7-9997-6923180815dd",
          "5e7433ad-a894-4489-93bc-41e90da90019",
          "7e7b0c67-bb85-4996-a289-da0e792d7172",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "9779935d-e316-4482-bec8-3d0704a26dc0",
      "value": "AWS Data Theft & Ransom Attack"
    },
    {
      "description": "Security researchers observed adversary activity that involved deployment of hundreds of AWS ECS Fargate clusters used to run XMRig cryptomining software. Researchers assessed that the activity was likely part of a wider campaign involving potentially hundreds of thousands of environments.<sup>[[Datadog ECS January 19 2024](/references/7e4e44a7-b079-41af-b41d-176ba7e99563)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3031",
        "first_seen": "2023-12-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-01-19T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2e5f6e4a-4579-46f7-9997-6923180815dd",
          "8d95e4d6-9a1e-4920-9f5c-83d9fe07a66e",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "a94a5919-953e-4607-aaa4-dfccf6d938b5",
      "value": "AWS Fargate Cryptojacking Activity"
    },
    {
      "description": "This object represents a collection of MITRE ATT&CK® Techniques related to an incident response where an attacker was able to steal AWS Lambda credentials, use them to execute various API calls and enumerate various cloud services, and ultimately perform a cloud-based phishing attack, which reportedly cost the target organization considerable financial damage.<sup>[[Unit 42 12 8 2022](/references/e7a4a0cf-ffa2-48cc-9b21-a2333592c773)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3032",
        "first_seen": "2022-05-20T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-05-20T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2e5f6e4a-4579-46f7-9997-6923180815dd",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "64bddb9e-8bb4-481e-851a-0ddd7ba34615",
      "value": "AWS Lambda Credential Theft & Phishing Attack"
    },
    {
      "description": "Adversaries used email bombing and subsequent voice phishing to convince target users into granting the actors remote access to victim systems via legitimate tools including AnyDesk and the built-in Windows Quick Assist utility. The actors then used malicious remote access tools to access other assets within compromised environments, in some cases followed by deployment of Black Basta ransomware.<sup>[[Rapid7 Blog 5 10 2024](/references/ba749fe0-1ac7-4767-85df-97e6351c37f9)]</sup><sup>[[Microsoft Security Blog 5 15 2024](/references/0876de6e-ea0c-4717-89a4-9c7baed53b6f)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3037",
        "first_seen": "2024-04-15T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-05-15T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "562e535e-19f5-4d6c-81ed-ce2aec544f09",
          "5e7433ad-a894-4489-93bc-41e90da90019",
          "7e7b0c67-bb85-4996-a289-da0e792d7172",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "b6ce227e-7240-4591-a8b9-641822c1f9f4",
      "value": "Black Basta Operator Social Engineering Campaign"
    },
    {
      "description": "This object represents observed pre-attack, initial access, execution, and other techniques used to distribute Bumblebee malware in 2023 and early 2024. Further background & contextual details can be found in the References tab below, and additional techniques associated with the technical mechanics of Bumblebee binaries can be found in the relevant Software object.",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3025",
        "first_seen": "2023-03-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-02-01T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "f8669b82-2194-49a9-8e20-92e7f9ab0a6f",
          "84615fe0-c2a5-4e07-8957-78ebc29b4635",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "0e3a0fa7-78eb-4820-9881-d62b04fe6f92",
      "value": "Bumblebee Distribution Campaigns 2023-24"
    },
    {
      "description": "[C0010](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/a1e33caf-6eb0-442f-b97a-f6042f21df48) was a cyber espionage campaign conducted by UNC3890 that targeted Israeli shipping, government, aviation, energy, and healthcare organizations. Security researcher assess UNC3890 conducts operations in support of Iranian interests, and noted several limited technical connections to Iran, including PDB strings and Farsi language artifacts. [C0010](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/a1e33caf-6eb0-442f-b97a-f6042f21df48) began by at least late 2020, and was still ongoing as of mid-2022.<sup>[[Mandiant UNC3890 Aug 2022](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/7b3fda0b-d327-4f02-bebe-2b8974f9959d)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0010",
        "first_seen": "2020-12-01T07:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-08-01T06:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "a1e33caf-6eb0-442f-b97a-f6042f21df48",
      "value": "C0010"
    },
    {
      "description": "[C0011](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/4c7386a7-9741-4ae4-8ad9-def03ed77e29) was a suspected cyber espionage campaign conducted by [Transparent Tribe](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/441b91d1-256a-4763-bac6-8f1c76764a25) that targeted students at universities and colleges in India. Security researchers noted this campaign against students was a significant shift from [Transparent Tribe](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/441b91d1-256a-4763-bac6-8f1c76764a25)'s historic targeting Indian government, military, and think tank personnel, and assessed it was still ongoing as of July 2022.<sup>[[Cisco Talos Transparent Tribe Education Campaign July 2022](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/acb10fb6-608f-44d3-9faf-7e577b0e2786)]</sup> ",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0011",
        "first_seen": "2021-12-01T06:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-07-01T05:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "4c7386a7-9741-4ae4-8ad9-def03ed77e29",
      "value": "C0011"
    },
    {
      "description": "[C0015](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/85bbff82-ba0c-4193-a3b5-985afd5690c5) was a ransomware intrusion during which the unidentified attackers used [Bazar](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/b35d9817-6ead-4dbd-a2fa-4b8e217f8eac), [Cobalt Strike](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/9b6bcbba-3ab4-4a4c-a233-cd12254823f6), and [Conti](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/8e995c29-2759-4aeb-9a0f-bb7cd97b06e5), along with other tools, over a 5 day period. Security researchers assessed the actors likely used the widely-circulated [Conti](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/8e995c29-2759-4aeb-9a0f-bb7cd97b06e5) ransomware playbook based on the observed pattern of activity and operator errors.<sup>[[DFIR Conti Bazar Nov 2021](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/a6f1a15d-448b-41d4-81f0-ee445cba83bd)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0015",
        "first_seen": "2021-08-01T05:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2021-08-01T05:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE",
        "tags": [
          "5e7433ad-a894-4489-93bc-41e90da90019",
          "7e7b0c67-bb85-4996-a289-da0e792d7172"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "85bbff82-ba0c-4193-a3b5-985afd5690c5",
      "value": "C0015"
    },
    {
      "description": "[C0017](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/a56d7700-c015-52ca-9c52-fed4d122c100) was an [APT41](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/502223ee-8947-42f8-a532-a3b3da12b7d9) campaign conducted between May 2021 and February 2022 that successfully compromised at least six U.S. state government networks through the exploitation of vulnerable Internet facing web applications. During [C0017](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/a56d7700-c015-52ca-9c52-fed4d122c100), [APT41](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/502223ee-8947-42f8-a532-a3b3da12b7d9) was quick to adapt and use publicly-disclosed as well as zero-day vulnerabilities for initial access, and in at least two cases re-compromised victims following remediation efforts. The goals of [C0017](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/a56d7700-c015-52ca-9c52-fed4d122c100) are unknown, however [APT41](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/502223ee-8947-42f8-a532-a3b3da12b7d9) was observed exfiltrating Personal Identifiable Information (PII).<sup>[[Mandiant APT41](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/e54415fe-40c2-55ff-9e75-881bc8a912b8)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0017",
        "first_seen": "2021-05-01T04:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-02-01T05:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE",
        "tags": [
          "a98d7a43-f227-478e-81de-e7299639a355"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "a56d7700-c015-52ca-9c52-fed4d122c100",
      "value": "C0017"
    },
    {
      "description": "\n[C0018](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/0452e367-aaa4-5a18-8028-a7ee136fe646) was a month-long ransomware intrusion that successfully deployed [AvosLocker](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/e792dc8d-b0f4-5916-8850-a61ff53125d0) onto a compromised network. The unidentified actors gained initial access to the victim network through an exposed server and used a variety of open-source tools prior to executing [AvosLocker](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/e792dc8d-b0f4-5916-8850-a61ff53125d0).<sup>[[Costa AvosLocker May 2022](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/a94268d8-6b7c-574b-a588-d8fd80c27fd3)]</sup><sup>[[Cisco Talos Avos Jun 2022](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/1170fdc2-6d8e-5b60-bf9e-ca915790e534)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0018",
        "first_seen": "2022-02-01T05:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-03-01T05:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE",
        "tags": [
          "5e7433ad-a894-4489-93bc-41e90da90019",
          "7e7b0c67-bb85-4996-a289-da0e792d7172"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "0452e367-aaa4-5a18-8028-a7ee136fe646",
      "value": "C0018"
    },
    {
      "description": "[C0021](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/86bed8da-4cab-55fe-a2d0-9214db1a09cf) was a spearphishing campaign conducted in November 2018 that targeted public sector institutions, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), educational institutions, and private-sector corporations in the oil and gas, chemical, and hospitality industries. The majority of targets were located in the US, particularly in and around Washington D.C., with other targets located in Europe, Hong Kong, India, and Canada. [C0021](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/86bed8da-4cab-55fe-a2d0-9214db1a09cf)'s technical artifacts, tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs), and targeting overlap with previous suspected [APT29](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/4c3e48b9-4426-4271-a7af-c3dfad79f447) activity.<sup>[[Microsoft Unidentified Dec 2018](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/896c88f9-8765-4b60-b679-667b338757e3)]</sup><sup>[[FireEye APT29 Nov 2018](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/30e769e0-4552-429b-b16e-27830d42edea)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0021",
        "first_seen": "2018-11-01T05:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2018-11-01T05:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "86bed8da-4cab-55fe-a2d0-9214db1a09cf",
      "value": "C0021"
    },
    {
      "description": "[C0026](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/41f283a1-b2ac-547d-98d5-ff907afd08c7) was a campaign identified in September 2022 that included the selective distribution of [KOPILUWAK](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/d09c4459-1aa3-547d-99f4-7ac73b8043f0) and [QUIETCANARY](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/52d3515c-5184-5257-bf24-56adccb4cccd) malware to previous [ANDROMEDA](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/69aac793-9e6a-5167-bc62-823189ee2f7b) malware victims in Ukraine through re-registered [ANDROMEDA](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/69aac793-9e6a-5167-bc62-823189ee2f7b) C2 domains. Several tools and tactics used during [C0026](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/41f283a1-b2ac-547d-98d5-ff907afd08c7) were consistent with historic [Turla](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/47ae4fb1-fc61-4e8e-9310-66dda706e1a2) operations.<sup>[[Mandiant Suspected Turla Campaign February 2023](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/d8f43a52-a59e-5567-8259-821b1b6bde43)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0026",
        "first_seen": "2022-08-01T05:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-09-01T04:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "41f283a1-b2ac-547d-98d5-ff907afd08c7",
      "value": "C0026"
    },
    {
      "description": "[C0027](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/a9719584-4f52-5a5d-b0f7-1059e715c2b8) was a financially-motivated campaign linked to [Scattered Spider](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/3d77fb6c-cfb4-5563-b0be-7aa1ad535337) that targeted telecommunications and business process outsourcing (BPO) companies from at least June through December of 2022. During [C0027](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/a9719584-4f52-5a5d-b0f7-1059e715c2b8) [Scattered Spider](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/3d77fb6c-cfb4-5563-b0be-7aa1ad535337) used various forms of social engineering, performed SIM swapping, and attempted to leverage access from victim environments to mobile carrier networks.<sup>[[Crowdstrike TELCO BPO Campaign December 2022](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/382785e1-4ef3-506e-b74f-cd07df9ae46e)]</sup>\n",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0027",
        "first_seen": "2022-06-01T04:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-12-01T05:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "a9719584-4f52-5a5d-b0f7-1059e715c2b8",
      "value": "C0027"
    },
    {
      "description": "[C0032](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/c26b3156-8472-5b87-971f-41a7a4702268) was an extended campaign suspected to involve the [Triton](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/) adversaries with related capabilities and techniques focused on gaining a foothold within IT environments. This campaign occurred in 2019 and was distinctly different from the [Triton Safety Instrumented System Attack](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/6c7185e1-bd46-5a80-9a76-a376b16fbc7b).<sup>[[FireEye TRITON 2019](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/49c97b85-ca22-400a-9dc4-6290cc117f04)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0032",
        "first_seen": "2014-10-01T04:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2017-01-01T05:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "c26b3156-8472-5b87-971f-41a7a4702268",
      "value": "C0032"
    },
    {
      "description": "[C0033](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/c5d35d8d-fe96-5210-bb57-4692081a25a9) was a [PROMETHIUM](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/cc798766-8662-4b55-8536-6d057fbc58f0) campaign during which they used [StrongPity](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/ed563524-235e-4e06-8c69-3f9d8ddbfd8a) to target Android users. [C0033](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/c5d35d8d-fe96-5210-bb57-4692081a25a9) was the first publicly documented mobile campaign for [PROMETHIUM](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/cc798766-8662-4b55-8536-6d057fbc58f0), who previously used Windows-based techniques.<sup>[[welivesec_strongpity](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/1b89df2c-e756-599a-9f7f-a5230db9de46)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0033",
        "first_seen": "2016-05-01T07:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-01-01T08:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "c5d35d8d-fe96-5210-bb57-4692081a25a9",
      "value": "C0033"
    },
    {
      "description": "Actors associated with the North Korean threat group Citrine Sleet were observed exploiting a zero-day vulnerability (CVE-2024-7971) in Chromium web browser software to achieve remote code execution in target environments. Actors were observed delivering FudModule, an advanced rootkit tool, during the attacks.<sup>[[Microsoft Security Blog August 30 2024](/references/d7ef2e80-30c0-47ce-91d4-db1690c6c689)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3055",
        "first_seen": "2024-08-19T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-08-30T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "a38ef717-4427-4aa0-9666-bb97c6ff45f3",
          "b9c973c9-062d-4cbd-8bfe-98d0b4e547eb",
          "a98d7a43-f227-478e-81de-e7299639a355",
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "3ecdd876-7e93-4877-9032-49170c65a864",
      "value": "Citrine Sleet Chromium Zero-Day Exploit Activity (CVE-2024-7971)"
    },
    {
      "description": "Microsoft researchers observed threat actors, believed to be members of the Citrine Sleet aka DEV-0139 group, launch an apparently targeted attack against an organization in the cryptocurrency industry.<sup>[[Microsoft DEV-0139 December 6 2022](/references/f9c070f1-aa83-45a3-bffb-c90f4caf5926)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3056",
        "first_seen": "2024-06-18T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-10-19T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "dd4f230d-198b-45d5-b0f9-55ee725cd836",
      "value": "Citrine Sleet Cryptocurrency Industry Attack"
    },
    {
      "description": "In June 2023, U.S. authorities released Cybersecurity Advisory AA23-158A, which detailed observed exploits of a zero-day SQL injection vulnerability (CVE-2023-34362) affecting Progress Software's managed file transfer (MFT) solution, MOVEit Transfer. According to the Advisory, exploit activity began on May 27, 2023, as threat actors, which the Advisory attributed to \"CL0P Ransomware Gang, also known as TA505\", began compromising internet-facing MOVEit Transfer web applications. Actors deployed web shells, dubbed LEMURLOOT, on compromised MOVEit applications, which enabled persistence, discovery of files and folders stored on MOVEit servers, and staging and exfiltration of compressed victim data. Authorities indicated they expected to see \"widespread exploitation of unpatched software services in both private and public networks\".<sup>[[U.S. CISA CL0P CVE-2023-34362 Exploitation](/references/07e48ca8-b965-4234-b04a-dfad45d58b22)]</sup> Progress Software acknowledged the vulnerability and issued guidance on known affected versions, software upgrades, and patching.<sup>[[Progress Software MOVEit Transfer Critical Vulnerability](/references/9f364e22-b73c-4f3a-902c-a3f0eb01a2b9)]</sup>\n\n**Related Vulnerabilities**: CVE-2023-34362<sup>[[U.S. CISA CL0P CVE-2023-34362 Exploitation](/references/07e48ca8-b965-4234-b04a-dfad45d58b22)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3005",
        "first_seen": "2023-05-27T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-06-16T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "5e7433ad-a894-4489-93bc-41e90da90019",
          "a98d7a43-f227-478e-81de-e7299639a355",
          "173e1480-8d9b-49c5-854d-594dde9740d6"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "f20c935b-e0c5-4941-b710-73cf06dd2b4a",
      "value": "Clop MOVEit Transfer Vulnerability Exploitation"
    },
    {
      "description": "This object represents a collection of MITRE ATT&CK® Techniques and other objects (Groups and/or Software) related to the specified threat activity. Further background & contextual details can be found in the References tab below.",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3022",
        "first_seen": "2023-11-14T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-11-24T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "fe28cf32-a15c-44cf-892c-faa0360d6109",
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "bbbdc2a2-bd7e-4251-a064-b7f4997ac2a4",
      "value": "Cloudflare Thanksgiving 2023 security incident"
    },
    {
      "description": "Actors deploying a variant of the Mirai botnet, known as Corona, were observed exploiting a zero-day vulnerability (CVE-2024-7029) to achieve initial infection of new devices with the botnet. The vulnerability enables remote code execution on affected devices (AVTECH closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras), which actors abused to ingress their main payloads.<sup>[[Akamai Corona Zero-Day August 28 2024](/references/140284f8-075c-4225-99dd-519ba5cebabe)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3051",
        "first_seen": "2024-03-18T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-08-28T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "55cb344a-cbd5-4fd1-a1e9-30bbc956527e",
          "f925e659-1120-4b76-92b6-071a7fb757d6",
          "06236145-e9d6-461c-b7e4-284b3de5f561",
          "a98d7a43-f227-478e-81de-e7299639a355",
          "33d35d5e-f0cf-4c66-9be3-a3ffe6610b1a",
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "4f1823b1-80ad-4f5d-ba04-a4d4baf37e72",
      "value": "Corona Mirai Botnet Zero-Day Exploit Campaign"
    },
    {
      "description": "[CostaRicto](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/fb011ed2-bfb9-4f0f-bd88-8b3fa0cf9b48) was a suspected hacker-for-hire cyber espionage campaign that targeted multiple industries worldwide, with a large number being financial institutions. [CostaRicto](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/fb011ed2-bfb9-4f0f-bd88-8b3fa0cf9b48) actors targeted organizations in Europe, the Americas, Asia, Australia, and Africa, with a large concentration in South Asia (especially India, Bangladesh, and Singapore), using custom malware, open source tools, and a complex network of proxies and SSH tunnels.<sup>[[BlackBerry CostaRicto November 2020](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/93a23447-641c-4ee2-9fbd-64b2adea8a5f)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0004",
        "first_seen": "2019-10-01T04:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2020-11-01T04:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "fb011ed2-bfb9-4f0f-bd88-8b3fa0cf9b48",
      "value": "CostaRicto"
    },
    {
      "description": "[Cutting Edge](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/4e605e33-57fe-5bb2-b0ad-ec146aac041b) was a campaign conducted by suspected China-nexus espionage actors, variously identified as UNC5221/UTA0178 and UNC5325, that began as early as December 2023 with the exploitation of zero-day vulnerabilities in Ivanti Connect Secure (previously Pulse Secure) VPN appliances. [Cutting Edge](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/4e605e33-57fe-5bb2-b0ad-ec146aac041b) targeted the U.S. defense industrial base and multiple sectors globally including  telecommunications, financial, aerospace, and technology. [Cutting Edge](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/4e605e33-57fe-5bb2-b0ad-ec146aac041b) featured the use of defense evasion and living-off-the-land (LoTL) techniques along with the deployment of web shells and other custom malware.<sup>[[Mandiant Cutting Edge January 2024](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/9d9ec923-89c1-5155-ae6e-98d4776d4250)]</sup><sup>[[Volexity Ivanti Zero-Day Exploitation January 2024](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/93eda380-ea21-59e0-97e8-5bec1f9a0e71)]</sup><sup>[[Volexity Ivanti Global Exploitation January 2024](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/b96fa4f2-864d-5d88-9a29-b117da8f8c5c)]</sup><sup>[[Mandiant Cutting Edge Part 2 January 2024](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/5209d259-4293-58c0-bbdc-f30ff77d57f7)]</sup><sup>[[Mandiant Cutting Edge Part 3 February 2024](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/49e5b125-5503-5cb0-9a56-a93f82b55753)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0029",
        "first_seen": "2023-12-01T05:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-02-01T05:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE",
        "tags": [
          "fe984a01-910d-4e39-9c49-179aa03f75ab",
          "9768aada-9d63-4d46-ab9f-d41b8c8e4010",
          "758c3085-2f79-40a8-ab95-f8a684737927",
          "af5e9be5-b86e-47af-91dd-966a5e34a186",
          "35e694ec-5133-46e3-b7e1-5831867c3b55",
          "1dc8fd1e-0737-405a-98a1-111dd557f1b5",
          "15787198-6c8b-4f79-bf50-258d55072fee",
          "d1ab6bd6-2688-4e54-a1d3-d180bb8fd41a",
          "1ff4614e-0ee6-4e04-921d-61abba7fcdb7",
          "e00b65fc-8f56-4a9e-9f09-ccf3124a3272"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "4e605e33-57fe-5bb2-b0ad-ec146aac041b",
      "value": "Cutting Edge"
    },
    {
      "description": "This object represents a collection of MITRE ATT&CK® Techniques related to an incident response where an attacker gained initial access to an AWS environment using an \"accidentally exposed long term access key belonging to an IAM user\". The actor persisted for approximately a month and ultimately used their access to carry out limited cryptomining acitivty, conduct phishing and spam email attacks via AWS SES, and establish domains for further phishing/spam campaigns.<sup>[[Www.invictus-ir.com 1 31 2024](/references/803a084a-0468-4c43-9843-a0b5652acdba)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3033",
        "first_seen": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-01-31T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "2e5f6e4a-4579-46f7-9997-6923180815dd"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "8ee9d9f1-9906-4f0d-a4a7-0e6ed1aa4069",
      "value": "DangerDev AWS Attack"
    },
    {
      "description": "German and South Korean cybersecurity authorities published an advisory highlighting recent attempts by North Korea-linked cyber actors to target enterprises and research centers in the defense sector. The advisory detailed a supply chain attack, attributed to an unnamed threat group, in which actors compromised a company that maintained a defense sector research center's web servers, then used stolen SSH credentials to remotely access the research center's network. The actors then used various methods to evade defenses, including impersonating security staff, deployed malware via a patch management system, and stole account information and email contents before being evicted from the network.<sup>[[BfV North Korea February 17 2024](/references/cc76be15-6d9d-40b2-b7f3-196bb0a7106a)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3026",
        "first_seen": "2022-12-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-12-31T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "6070668f-1cbd-4878-8066-c636d1d8659c",
          "d8f7e071-fbfd-46f8-b431-e241bb1513ac",
          "e7ea1f6d-59f2-40c1-bbfe-835dedf033ee"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "1a2caf4c-658d-4117-a912-55f4d6bca899",
      "value": "Defense Sector Supply Chain Compromise by North Korea-Linked Actors"
    },
    {
      "description": "Security researchers observed consistent adversary use of Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) technology to host malicious files related to Emmenhtal (aka PeakLight), a stealthy loader malware that was then used to ingress various final malicious payloads, including DarkGate, Amadey, and SelfAU3.<sup>[[Sekoia.io Blog September 19 2024](/references/df9ff358-4d1e-4094-92cd-4703c53a384c)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3060",
        "first_seen": "2023-12-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-09-19T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "61085b71-eb19-46d8-a9e6-1ab9d2f3c08d",
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "0ca317da-c8d6-4bd5-8c1e-5d581c9095ce",
      "value": "Emmenhtal Loader Distribution Activity"
    },
    {
      "description": "ESET researchers observed cyberespionage activity that they linked to the FamousSparrow group, where actors used ProxyLogon and other vulnerability exploits to compromise hotel, legal, and other organizations worldwide and install a backdoor dubbed SparrowDoor, among other post-exploit tools.<sup>[[ESET FamousSparrow September 23 2021](/references/f91d6d8e-22a4-4851-9444-7a066e6b7aa5)]</sup>\n\nAt a similar time, Kaspersky researchers reported activity they linked to the GhostEmperor group, where ProxyLogon was also exploited and similar post-exploit tools were deployed, as well as a rootkit dubbed Demodex. The researchers further indicated that one of the command and control servers identified during their investigation correlated to the FamousSparrow activity that ESET had reported.<sup>[[Kaspersky September 30 2021](/references/8851f554-05c6-4fb0-807e-2ef0bc28e131)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3064",
        "first_seen": "2021-03-03T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2021-03-31T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "915e7ac2-b266-45d7-945c-cb04327d6246",
          "e499005b-adba-45bb-85e3-07043fd9edf9",
          "8b1cb0dc-dd3e-44ba-828c-55c040e93b93",
          "5f5e40cd-0732-4eb4-a083-06940623c3f9",
          "15f2277a-a17e-4d85-8acd-480bf84f16b4",
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "7fa02214-cd06-480d-af2d-5943be14c6bd",
      "value": "FamousSparrow/GhostEmperor Vulnerability Exploit and Post-Compromise Activity"
    },
    {
      "description": "In September 2023, French cybersecurity authorities released advisory CERTFR-2023-CTI-007, which detailed a network intrusion of the Regional and University Hospital Center of Brest, in northwestern France. Actors used valid credentials belonging to a healthcare professional to connect to a remote desktop service exposed to the Internet, then installed Cobalt Strike and SystemBC to provide backdoor network access. Authorities indicated that the credentials were likely compromised via unspecified infostealer malware.\n\nThe actors used multiple third-party tools for credential access and discovery, and they attempted to exploit at least five vulnerabilities for privilege escalation and lateral movement. Authorities worked with hospital personnel to isolate affected systems and disrupt the intrusion before suspected data exfiltration and encryption could take place. Based on infrastructural and behavioral overlaps with other incidents, officials attributed the intrusion to the FIN12 financially motivated actor group and indicated the same actors are responsible for dozens of attacks on French victims in recent years.\n\nAdditional details, indicators of compromise, and the observed Cobalt Strike configuration can be found in the [source report](https://www.cert.ssi.gouv.fr/uploads/CERTFR-2023-CTI-007.pdf).<sup>[[CERTFR-2023-CTI-007](/references/0f4a03c5-79b3-418e-a77d-305d5a32caca)]</sup>\n\n**Related Vulnerabilities**: CVE-2023-21746, CVE-2022-24521, CVE-2021-34527, CVE-2019-0708, CVE-2020-1472<sup>[[CERTFR-2023-CTI-007](/references/0f4a03c5-79b3-418e-a77d-305d5a32caca)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3010",
        "first_seen": "2023-03-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-03-31T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "89c5b94b-ecf4-4d53-9b74-3465086d4565",
          "2743d495-7728-4a75-9e5f-b64854039792",
          "ecd84106-2a5b-4d25-854e-b8d1f57f6b75",
          "a6ba64e1-4b4a-4bbd-a26d-ce35c22b2530",
          "4bc9ab8f-7f57-4b1a-8857-ffaa7e5cc930",
          "d385b541-4033-48df-93cd-237ca6e46f36"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "129ffe04-ea90-45d1-a2fd-7ff0bffa0433",
      "value": "FIN12 March 2023 Hospital Center Intrusion"
    },
    {
      "description": "This object represents a collection of MITRE ATT&CK® Techniques and other objects related to the subject threat. Further contextual details are provided via the sources in the References tab below and any associated Tags.",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3066",
        "first_seen": "2024-06-27T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-10-23T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "ef7715f8-526a-4df5-bad3-74b66170a52b",
          "a98d7a43-f227-478e-81de-e7299639a355",
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "50a2fbb8-e92e-4033-9dfc-d6b47aaab22d",
      "value": "FortiManager Zero-Day Exploit Activity (CVE-2024-47575)"
    },
    {
      "description": "[Frankenstein](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/2fab9878-8aae-445a-86db-6b47b473f56b) was described by security researchers as a highly-targeted campaign conducted by moderately sophisticated and highly resourceful threat actors in early 2019. The unidentified actors primarily relied on open source tools, including [Empire](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/fea655ac-558f-4dd0-867f-9a5553626207). The campaign name refers to the actors' ability to piece together several unrelated open-source tool components.<sup>[[Talos Frankenstein June 2019](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/a6faa495-db01-43e8-9db3-d446570802bc)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0001",
        "first_seen": "2019-01-01T06:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2019-04-01T05:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "2fab9878-8aae-445a-86db-6b47b473f56b",
      "value": "Frankenstein"
    },
    {
      "description": "[FunnyDream](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/94587edf-0292-445b-8c66-b16629597f1e) was a suspected Chinese cyber espionage campaign that targeted government and foreign organizations in Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and other parts of Southeast Asia. Security researchers linked the [FunnyDream](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/94587edf-0292-445b-8c66-b16629597f1e) campaign to possible Chinese-speaking threat actors through the use of the [Chinoxy](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/7c36563a-9143-4766-8aef-4e1787e18d8c) backdoor and noted infrastructure overlap with the TAG-16 threat group.<sup>[[Bitdefender FunnyDream Campaign November 2020](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/b62a9f2c-02ca-4dfa-95fc-5dc6ad9568de)]</sup><sup>[[Kaspersky APT Trends Q1 2020](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/23c91719-5ebe-4d03-8018-df1809fffd2f)]</sup><sup>[[Recorded Future Chinese Activity in Southeast Asia December 2021](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/0809db3b-81a8-475d-920a-cb913b30f42e)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0007",
        "first_seen": "2018-07-01T05:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2020-11-01T04:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "94587edf-0292-445b-8c66-b16629597f1e",
      "value": "FunnyDream"
    },
    {
      "description": "In July 2024, Sygnia researchers reported about what they described as an \"updated infection chain\" used to deploy a variant of the Demodex rootkit, associated with the GhostEmperor (AKA FamousSparrow and Salt Typhoon) China-backed cyberespionage group. The attacks, which were discovered at an unspecified time in \"late 2023\", featured malware loading and obfuscation methods distinct from those observed during previous GhostEmperor activity in 2021.<sup>[[Sygnia July 17 2024](/references/7d30acb4-9600-46bd-a800-1c7e1149e9b4)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3065",
        "first_seen": "2023-12-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-12-31T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "c1447188-c034-408e-a827-55314c698827",
      "value": "GhostEmperor/Demodex 2023 Compromise"
    },
    {
      "description": "U.S. cybersecurity authorities released an advisory that warned of recent attacks targeting healthcare entities and providers, which leveraged social engineering techniques for initial access and ultimately led to financial theft. The attacks used voice phishing and phishing domains, and sometimes bypassed multi-factor authentication measures, to gain footholds. Actors often used information gathered through extensive reconnaissance to facilitate these efforts.\n\nActors then used \"living off the land\" (LOTL) techniques to persist stealthily in compromised environments. Ultimately, actors sought to modify patient automated clearinghouse (ACH) account information to divert payments to actor-controlled bank accounts. The advisory did not attribute the recent campaign to a named adversary group.<sup>[[FBI Social Engineering Attacks June 24 2024](/references/527ac41a-a65e-4cf9-a9c9-194443b37c5b)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3042",
        "first_seen": "2023-08-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-06-24T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "d903e38b-600d-4736-9e3b-cf1a6e436481",
          "e551ae97-d1b4-484e-9267-89f33829ec2c"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "1610257c-e2fc-4b05-bd63-5c2cbfb2342e",
      "value": "Healthcare Social Engineering & Payment Diversion Activity"
    },
    {
      "description": "[HomeLand Justice](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/04329c95-d792-5333-b5bc-13ef2c545d7b) was a disruptive campaign involving the use of ransomware, wiper malware, and sensitive information leaks conducted by Iranian state cyber actors against Albanian government networks in July and September 2022. Initial access for [HomeLand Justice](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/04329c95-d792-5333-b5bc-13ef2c545d7b) was established in May 2021 as threat actors subsequently moved laterally, exfiltrated sensitive information, and maintained persistence for approximately 14 months prior to the attacks. Responsibility was claimed by the \"HomeLand Justice\" front whose messaging indicated targeting of the Mujahedeen-e Khalq (MEK), an Iranian opposition group who maintain a refugee camp in Albania, and were formerly designated a terrorist organization by the US State Department.<sup>[[Mandiant ROADSWEEP August 2022](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/0d81ec58-2e12-5824-aa53-feb0d2260f30)]</sup><sup>[[Microsoft Albanian Government Attacks September 2022](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/d00399e9-a6c6-5691-92cd-0185b03b689e)]</sup><sup>[[CISA Iran Albanian Attacks September 2022](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/c5d37bde-52bc-525a-b25a-e097f77a924a)]</sup> A second wave of attacks was launched in September 2022 using similar tactics after public attribution of the previous activity to Iran and the severing of diplomatic ties between Iran and Albania.<sup>[[CISA Iran Albanian Attacks September 2022](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/c5d37bde-52bc-525a-b25a-e097f77a924a)]</sup>\n\n",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0038",
        "first_seen": "2021-05-01T04:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-09-01T04:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE",
        "tags": [
          "e551ae97-d1b4-484e-9267-89f33829ec2c",
          "15787198-6c8b-4f79-bf50-258d55072fee"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "04329c95-d792-5333-b5bc-13ef2c545d7b",
      "value": "HomeLand Justice"
    },
    {
      "description": "This object represents a collection of MITRE ATT&CK® Techniques and other objects (Groups and/or Software) related to the specified threat activity. Further background & contextual details can be found in the References tab below.",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3021",
        "first_seen": "2023-05-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-12-12T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "15f2277a-a17e-4d85-8acd-480bf84f16b4",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "d1244338-85dd-4650-989a-9df8020860b9",
      "value": "HPE Midnight Blizzard Office 365 Email Exfiltration"
    },
    {
      "description": "In November 2022, U.S. cybersecurity authorities released Cybersecurity Advisory AA22-320A, which detailed an incident response engagement at an unspecified U.S. Federal Civilian Executive Branch organization. Authorities assessed that the network compromise was carried out by unspecified Iranian government-sponsored advanced persistent threat (APT) actors. The actors achieved initial network access by exploiting the Log4Shell vulnerability in an unpatched VMware Horizon server. Post-exploit activities included installing XMRig crypto mining software and executing Mimikatz to harvest credentials, as well as moving laterally to the domain controller and implanting Ngrok reverse proxies on multiple hosts to maintain persistence.\n\nAdditional details, including incident response guidance and relevant mitigations, can be found in the [source report](https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa22-320a).<sup>[[U.S. CISA Advisory November 25 2022](/references/daae1f54-8471-4620-82d5-023d04144acd)]</sup>\n\n**Related Vulnerabilities**: CVE-2021-44228<sup>[[U.S. CISA Advisory November 25 2022](/references/daae1f54-8471-4620-82d5-023d04144acd)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3012",
        "first_seen": "2022-06-15T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-07-15T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "15787198-6c8b-4f79-bf50-258d55072fee",
          "7e6ef160-8e4f-4132-bdc4-9991f01c472e"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "7d6ff40d-51f3-42f8-b986-e7421f59b4bd",
      "value": "Iranian APT Credential Harvesting & Cryptomining Activity"
    },
    {
      "description": "In November 2020, U.S. cybersecurity authorities released joint Cybersecurity Advisory AA20-304A, which detailed efforts by an unspecified Iranian advanced persistent threat (APT) actor to target U.S. state websites, including election-related sites, with the goal of obtaining voter registration data. The actors used a legitimate vulnerability scanner, Acunetix, to scan state election websites, and they attempted to exploit sites with directory traversal, SQL injection, and web shell upload attacks. Authorities confirmed the actors successfully obtained voter registration data in at least one state – after abusing a website misconfiguration, they used a cURL-based scripting tool to iterate through and retrieve voter records. Officials assessed that the actor behind the website attacks is responsible for mass dissemination of intimidation emails to U.S. citizens and a disinformation campaign featuring a U.S. election-related propaganda video in mid-October 2020. Authorities furthermore assessed that information obtained during the website attacks was featured in the propaganda video.<sup>[[U.S. CISA Iran Voter Data November 3 2020](/references/be89be75-c33f-4c58-8bf0-979c1debaad7)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3014",
        "first_seen": "2020-09-20T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2020-10-20T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "18cf25b5-ed3a-40f6-bf0a-a3938a4f8da2",
      "value": "Iranian APT Targeting U.S. Voter Data"
    },
    {
      "description": "On October 16, 2024, U.S., Canadian, and Australian cybersecurity authorities released joint Cybersecurity Advisory AA24-290A, which detailed attacks by unspecified \"Iranian cyber actors\", who used brute forcing and other credential access techniques to compromise various critical infrastructure entities, including organizations in the healthcare and public health (HPH), government, information technology, engineering, and energy sectors. The advisory indicated that the actors likely carried out the attacks in order to ultimately sell harvested credentials and victim network information \"to enable access to cybercriminals\".<sup>[[U.S. CISA Iranian Actors Critical Infrastructure October 16 2024](/references/a70a4487-eaae-43b3-bfe0-0677fd911959)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3063",
        "first_seen": "2023-10-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-02-07T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "51006447-540b-4b9d-bdba-1cbff8038ae9",
          "35e694ec-5133-46e3-b7e1-5831867c3b55",
          "61cdbb28-cbfd-498b-9ab1-1f14337f9524",
          "15787198-6c8b-4f79-bf50-258d55072fee",
          "89c5b94b-ecf4-4d53-9b74-3465086d4565",
          "291c006e-f77a-4c9c-ae7e-084974c0e1eb",
          "15f2277a-a17e-4d85-8acd-480bf84f16b4",
          "c9c73000-30a5-4a16-8c8b-79169f9c24aa"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "3b15979c-eabf-41d1-8930-f480106f8430",
      "value": "Iranian Cyber Actors Compromise Critical Infrastructure Organizations"
    },
    {
      "description": "In September 2022, U.S., Canadian, United Kingdom, and Australian cybersecurity authorities released joint Cybersecurity Advisory AA22-257A, which detailed malicious cyber activity attributed to advanced persistent threat (APT) actors affiliated with the Iranian government’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). The advisory updated a previous alert (AA21-321A), published in November 2021, and summarized recent activities linked to the actors. Since at least March 2021, the actors were observed targeting victims in a wide range of U.S. critical infrastructure sectors, including transportation and healthcare, and victims in unspecified sectors in Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom.\n\nThe actors typically exploited vulnerabilities to gain initial network access. They were observed exploiting vulnerabilities in Microsoft Exchange servers (ProxyShell) and Fortinet devices in 2021, and VMware Horizon (Log4j) in 2022. After gaining access, the actors typically evaluated the perceived value of data held within a victim network and either encrypted it for ransom and/or exfiltrated it. The actors are believed to have sold some exfiltrated data or used it as leverage to further pressure victims into paying a ransom.\n\nIn addition to behavioral observations and indicators of compromise, the advisories provided detection and mitigation guidance, which can be found in the source reports [here](https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa22-257a) and [here](https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa21-321a).\n\n**Related Vulnerabilities**: CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207, CVE-2021-44228, CVE-2021-45046, CVE-2021-45105<sup>[[U.S. CISA IRGC Actors September 14 2022](/references/728b20b0-f702-4dbe-afea-50270648a3a2)]</sup>, CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2018-13379, CVE-2020-12812, CVE-2019-5591<sup>[[U.S. CISA Iranian Government Actors November 19 2021](/references/d7014279-bc6a-43d4-953a-a6bc1d97a13b)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3013",
        "first_seen": "2021-03-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-09-14T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "3ed2343c-a29c-42e2-8259-410381164c6a",
          "375983b3-6e87-4281-99e2-1561519dd17b",
          "64d3f7d8-30b7-4b03-bee2-a6029672216c",
          "5e7433ad-a894-4489-93bc-41e90da90019",
          "7e7b0c67-bb85-4996-a289-da0e792d7172",
          "15787198-6c8b-4f79-bf50-258d55072fee",
          "d84be7c9-c652-4a43-a79e-ef0fa2318c58",
          "1423b5a8-cff3-48d5-a0a2-09b3afc9f195",
          "1b98f09a-7d93-4abb-8f3e-1eacdb9f9871",
          "fde4c246-7d2d-4d53-938b-44651cf273f1",
          "c3779a84-8132-4c62-be2f-9312ad41c273",
          "c035da8e-f96c-4793-885d-45017d825596",
          "7e6ef160-8e4f-4132-bdc4-9991f01c472e",
          "d713747c-2d53-487e-9dac-259230f04460",
          "964c2590-4b52-48c6-afff-9a6d72e68908"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "338c6497-2b13-4c2b-bd45-d8b636c35cac",
      "value": "Iranian IRGC Data Extortion Operations"
    },
    {
      "description": "*We are no longer maintaining this object in favor of a similar object subsequently published by MITRE: \"Cutting Edge\" (Campaign). All relevant Tidal content extensions (e.g. additional Technique and Object relationships and metadata) have been added to the MITRE-authored object.*\n\n\nThis object represents a collection of MITRE ATT&CK® Techniques and other objects (Groups and/or Software) related to joint Cybersecurity Advisory AA24-060B, which detailed recent exploits of vulnerabilities (CVE-2023-46805, CVE-2024-21887, and CVE-2024-21893) affecting Ivanti Connect Secure and Policy Secure VPN and gateway appliances by unspecified threat actors. Further background & contextual details can be found in the References tab below.",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C5017",
        "first_seen": "2023-12-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-02-29T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "fe984a01-910d-4e39-9c49-179aa03f75ab",
          "9768aada-9d63-4d46-ab9f-d41b8c8e4010",
          "758c3085-2f79-40a8-ab95-f8a684737927",
          "af5e9be5-b86e-47af-91dd-966a5e34a186",
          "35e694ec-5133-46e3-b7e1-5831867c3b55",
          "1dc8fd1e-0737-405a-98a1-111dd557f1b5",
          "15787198-6c8b-4f79-bf50-258d55072fee",
          "d1ab6bd6-2688-4e54-a1d3-d180bb8fd41a",
          "1ff4614e-0ee6-4e04-921d-61abba7fcdb7",
          "e00b65fc-8f56-4a9e-9f09-ccf3124a3272"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "c2544d1d-3c99-4601-86fe-8b62020aaffc",
      "value": "Ivanti Gateway Vulnerability Exploits (Deprecated)"
    },
    {
      "description": "JOKERSPY (aka REF9134) was an intrusion involving a Python-based backdoor, which was used to deploy a malicious macOS-based enumeration tool called Swiftbelt and other open-source tools.<sup>[[elastic.co 6 21 2023](/references/42c40ec8-f46a-48fa-bd97-818e3d3d320e)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3035",
        "first_seen": "2023-05-31T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-06-01T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "c44d9a29-3025-40b3-8c12-45390597cc0f",
      "value": "JOKERSPY Intrusion"
    },
    {
      "description": "In July 2023, U.S. Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency authorities released Cybersecurity Advisory AA23-201A, which detailed an observed exploit of a zero-day vulnerability (CVE-2023-3519) affecting NetScaler (formerly Citrix) Application Delivery Controller (\"ADC\") and NetScaler Gateway appliances. According to the Advisory, the exploitation activity occurred in June 2023, and the victim (an undisclosed entity in the critical infrastructure sector) reported it in July 2023.<sup>[[U.S. CISA CVE-2023-3519 Exploits](/references/021c4caa-7a7a-4e49-9c5c-6eec176bf923)]</sup> Citrix acknowledged the reported exploit of the vulnerability, which enables unauthenticated remote code execution, and released a patch on July 18, 2023.<sup>[[Citrix Bulletin CVE-2023-3519](/references/245ef1b7-778d-4df2-99a9-b51c95c57580)]</sup>\n\nAfter achieving initial access via exploit of CVE-2023-3519, threat actors dropped a web shell on the vulnerable ADC appliance, which was present on a non-production environment. The web shell enabled subsequent information discovery on the victim's Active Directory (\"AD\"), followed by collection and exfiltration of AD-related data. The actors also attempted lateral movement to a domain controller, but the Advisory indicated that network segementation controls for the ADC appliance blocked this attempted activity.<sup>[[U.S. CISA CVE-2023-3519 Exploits](/references/021c4caa-7a7a-4e49-9c5c-6eec176bf923)]</sup> Separately, in a blog on CVE-2023-3519 exploit investigations released the day after the CISA Advisory, Mandiant indicated that the type of activity observed is \"consistent with previous operations by China-nexus actors\".<sup>[[Mandiant CVE-2023-3519 Exploitation](/references/4404ed65-3020-453d-8c51-2885018ba03b)]</sup>\n\n**Related Vulnerabilities**: CVE-2023-3519<sup>[[U.S. CISA CVE-2023-3519 Exploits](/references/021c4caa-7a7a-4e49-9c5c-6eec176bf923)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3004",
        "first_seen": "2023-06-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-06-30T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "fe984a01-910d-4e39-9c49-179aa03f75ab",
          "a98d7a43-f227-478e-81de-e7299639a355",
          "c475ad68-3fdc-4725-8abc-784c56125e96"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "86e3565d-93dc-40e5-8f84-20d1c15b8e9d",
      "value": "June 2023 Citrix Vulnerability Exploitation"
    },
    {
      "description": "[KV Botnet Activity](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/c0c1054c-46f0-5221-9e7c-9907fe224947) consisted of exploitation of primarily “end-of-life” small office-home office (SOHO) equipment from manufacturers such as Cisco, NETGEAR, and DrayTek. [KV Botnet Activity](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/c0c1054c-46f0-5221-9e7c-9907fe224947) was used by [Volt Typhoon](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/4ea1245f-3f35-5168-bd10-1fc49142fd4e) to obfuscate connectivity to victims in multiple critical infrastructure segments, including energy and telecommunication companies and entities based on the US territory of Guam. While the KV Botnet is the most prominent element of this campaign, it overlaps with another botnet cluster referred to as the JDY cluster.<sup>[[Lumen KVBotnet 2023](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/81bbc4e1-e1e6-5c93-bf65-ffdc9c7ff71d)]</sup> This botnet was disrupted by US law enforcement entities in early 2024 after periods of activity from October 2022 through January 2024.<sup>[[DOJ KVBotnet 2024](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/55cf0ced-0de3-5af8-b3e6-3c33bb445593)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0035",
        "first_seen": "2022-10-01T04:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-01-01T05:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE",
        "tags": [
          "b20e7912-6a8d-46e3-8e13-9a3fc4813852"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "c0c1054c-46f0-5221-9e7c-9907fe224947",
      "value": "KV Botnet Activity"
    },
    {
      "description": "In November 2023, U.S. cybersecurity authorities and international partners released Cybersecurity Advisory AA23-325A, which detailed observed exploitation of CVE-2023-4966 (known colloquially as the “Citrix Bleed” vulnerability) by threat actors believed to be affiliated with the LockBit ransomware operation.\n\nCitrix Bleed is a vulnerability in Citrix NetScaler web application delivery control (“ADC”) and NetScaler Gateway appliances, which allows adversaries to bypass password requirements and multifactor authentication, enabling hijacking of legitimate user sessions and subsequent credential harvesting, lateral movement, and data or resource access. Authorities indicated that they expected “widespread” Citrix Bleed exploitation on unpatched services due to the ease of carrying out the exploit.\n\nAfter successful Citrix Bleed exploitation, LockBit affiliates were observed using a variety of follow-on TTPs and using a range of software, including abuse of native utilities and popular legitimate remote management and monitoring (“RMM”) tools. Indicators of compromise associated with recent intrusions and further incident response and mitigation guidance can be found in the [source report](https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-325a).<sup>[[U.S. CISA LockBit Citrix Bleed November 21 2023](/references/21f56e0c-9605-4fbb-9cb1-f868ba6eb053)]</sup> Public reporting suggested that actors associated with the Medusa and Qilin ransomware operations, plus other unknown ransomware and uncategorized actors, had also exploited Citrix Bleed as part of their operations.<sup>[[Malwarebytes Citrix Bleed November 24 2023](/references/fdc86cea-0015-48d1-934f-b22244de6306)]</sup><sup>[[Cybernews Yanfeng Qilin November 2023](/references/93c89ca5-1863-4ee2-9fff-258f94f655c4)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3016",
        "first_seen": "2023-08-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-11-16T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "35e694ec-5133-46e3-b7e1-5831867c3b55",
          "15787198-6c8b-4f79-bf50-258d55072fee",
          "15b77e5c-2285-434d-9719-73c14beba8bd",
          "5e7433ad-a894-4489-93bc-41e90da90019",
          "7e7b0c67-bb85-4996-a289-da0e792d7172"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "f4225d6a-8734-401f-aa2a-1a73c23b16e6",
      "value": "LockBit Affiliate Citrix Bleed Exploits"
    },
    {
      "description": "Researchers discovered  the existence of a newly identified red teaming framework used to generate attack payloads, called \"MacroPack\". The framework was used to deploy the Brute Ratel and Havoc post-exploitation frameworks and the PhantomCore remote access trojan. In addition to red teaming applications, researchers assessed that MacroPack is also being abused by threat actors.<sup>[[Cisco Talos Blog September 3 2024](/references/b222cabd-347d-45d4-aeaf-4135795d944d)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3052",
        "first_seen": "2024-05-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-07-01T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "2229e945-ec3d-4e20-ad4a-bd12741a6724",
      "value": "MacroPack Payload Delivery Activity"
    },
    {
      "description": "The DFIR Report researchers reported about activity taking place in May 2023, which saw an adversary, attributed to FIN11 and Lace Tempest, achieve initial access into a victim environment via a spearphishing email, leading to the download of Truebot malware. Several other tools and malware were then subsequently used to move laterally, discover and collect victim information, exfiltrate it, and ultimately deploy a wiper. These included: FlawedGrace, Cobalt Strike, Impacket, various native utilities, and MBR Killer. In total, the activity lasted for 29 hours.<sup>[[The DFIR Report Truebot June 12 2023](/references/a6311a66-bb36-4cad-a98f-2b0b89aafa3d)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3002",
        "first_seen": "2023-05-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-05-31T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "f74885c3-c39b-4db4-ab4f-2990929450a2",
      "value": "May 2023 Exfiltration & Wiper Activity (Truebot + FlawedGrace + MBR Killer)"
    },
    {
      "description": "This object represents a collection of MITRE ATT&CK® Techniques and other objects (Groups and/or Software) related to the specified threat activity. Further background & contextual details can be found in the References tab below.",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3023",
        "first_seen": "2023-11-30T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-01-12T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "15f2277a-a17e-4d85-8acd-480bf84f16b4",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "4c01ad48-6a09-462a-abf4-24ba0a4cea56",
      "value": "Microsoft Midnight Blizzard Breach"
    },
    {
      "description": "Researchers observed a campaign that took place in the latter half of 2021, apparently directed at individuals representing financial and political figures in Palestine and Tukery, that used malicious, macro-based Microsoft Office files to compromise victim systems with the aim of installing a .NET-based backdoor tool. Researchers attributed the activity to the Molerats APT group.<sup>[[Zscaler Molerats Campaign](/references/3b39e73e-229f-4ff4-bec3-d83e6364a66e)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3011",
        "first_seen": "2021-07-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2021-12-01T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "f1922702-2c16-496e-9d21-f32fc9c6daee",
      "value": "Molerats 2021 Backdoor Delivery Campaign"
    },
    {
      "description": "*We are no longer maintaining this object in favor of a similar object subsequently published by MITRE: \"Moonstone Sleet\" (Group). All relevant Tidal content extensions (e.g. additional Technique and Object relationships and metadata) have been added to the MITRE-authored object.*\n\nThis object represents a collection of MITRE ATT&CK® Techniques related to multiple incidents attributed to the North Korean actor group Moonstone Sleet that took place from August 2023 through May 2024. Attacks targeted individuals and organizations related to the software, information technology, education, and defense industrial base sectors, and are believed to have been carried out for both financial gain and espionage purposes.<sup>[[Microsoft Security Blog 5 28 2024](/references/faf315ed-71f7-4e29-8334-701da35a69ad)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3039",
        "first_seen": "2023-08-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-05-28T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "6e63729b-6483-4a87-923c-2de179a32f17",
      "value": "Moonstone Sleet Operations (Deprecated)"
    },
    {
      "description": "[Night Dragon](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/85f136b3-d5a3-4c4c-a37c-40e4418dc989) was a cyber espionage campaign that targeted oil, energy, and petrochemical companies, along with individuals and executives in Kazakhstan, Taiwan, Greece, and the United States. The unidentified threat actors searched for information related to oil and gas field production systems, financials, and collected data from SCADA systems. Based on the observed techniques, tools, and network activities, security researchers assessed the campaign involved a threat group based in China.<sup>[[McAfee Night Dragon](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/242d2933-ca2b-4511-803a-454727a3acc5)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0002",
        "first_seen": "2009-11-01T04:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2011-02-01T05:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "85f136b3-d5a3-4c4c-a37c-40e4418dc989",
      "value": "Night Dragon"
    },
    {
      "description": "According to details published by Okta Security, threat actors gained unauthorized access to Okta’s customer support management system from September 28 to October 17, 2023. Initial access to the system was believed to have been achieved after an employee signed into a personal cloud account on their Okta-managed laptop and saved the legitimate credentials for an Okta service account into that cloud profile. Okta Security believes the personal cloud account was most likely compromised (through unspecified means), exposing the Okta service account credentials.\n\nAfter gaining access to the Okta customer support management system using the valid service account credentials, the threat actor accessed HTTP Archive (HAR) files provided by Okta customers, which can contain cookies and session tokens. Okta indicated that the threat actor used session tokens compromised during the incident to hijack the legitimate Okta sessions of at least five customers. The threat actor is also believed to have run and downloaded a report that contained the names and email addresses of all Okta customer support system users. Considering that customers’ names and email addresses were downloaded, Okta Security indicated that they assessed there is an increased risk of phishing and social engineering attacks directed at those users following the incident.<sup>[[Okta HAR Files Incident Notice](/references/14855034-494e-477d-8c91-fc534fd7790d)]</sup><sup>[[Okta HAR Files RCA](/references/742d095c-9bd1-4f4a-8bc6-16db6d15a9f4)]</sup><sup>[[Okta HAR Files Incident Update](/references/5e09ab9c-8cb2-49f5-b65f-fd5447e71ef4)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3018",
        "first_seen": "2023-09-28T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-10-17T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "fe28cf32-a15c-44cf-892c-faa0360d6109",
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "a11d1575-5487-41cd-83b5-1601aa9d5487",
      "value": "Okta Customer Support Security Incident"
    },
    {
      "description": "\"Operation Bearded Barbie\" was a suspected AridViper (aka APT-C-23/Desert Falcon) campaign that appeared to target Israeli individuals, especially \"high-profile\" defense, law enforcement, and other government service personnel. The campaign heavily relied upon social engineering techniques, including the use of well-developed social media personas, aimed at tricking targets into installing backdoors for Windows and Android devices. The campaign appeared to be motivated by information collection for espionage purposes.<sup>[[Cybereason Operation Bearded Barbie April 5 2022](/references/7d71b7c9-531e-4e4f-ab85-df2380555b7a)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3015",
        "first_seen": "2022-03-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-04-01T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "0496e076-1813-4f51-86e6-8f551983e8f8",
      "value": "Operation Bearded Barbie"
    },
    {
      "description": "[Operation CuckooBees](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/81bf4e45-f0d3-4fec-a9d4-1259cf8542a1) was a cyber espionage campaign targeting technology and manufacturing companies in East Asia, Western Europe, and North America since at least 2019. Security researchers noted the goal of [Operation CuckooBees](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/81bf4e45-f0d3-4fec-a9d4-1259cf8542a1), which was still ongoing as of May 2022, was likely the theft of proprietary information, research and development documents, source code, and blueprints for various technologies. Researchers assessed [Operation CuckooBees](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/81bf4e45-f0d3-4fec-a9d4-1259cf8542a1) was conducted by actors affiliated with [Winnti Group](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/6932662a-53a7-4e43-877f-6e940e2d744b), [APT41](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/502223ee-8947-42f8-a532-a3b3da12b7d9), and BARIUM.<sup>[[Cybereason OperationCuckooBees May 2022](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/fe3e2c7e-2287-406c-b717-cf7721b5843a)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0012",
        "first_seen": "2019-12-01T07:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-05-01T06:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "81bf4e45-f0d3-4fec-a9d4-1259cf8542a1",
      "value": "Operation CuckooBees"
    },
    {
      "description": "[Operation Dream Job](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/9a94e646-cbe5-54a1-8bf6-70ef745e641b) was a cyber espionage operation likely conducted by [Lazarus Group](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/0bc66e95-de93-4de7-b415-4041b7191f08) that targeted the defense, aerospace, government, and other sectors in the United States, Israel, Australia, Russia, and India. In at least one case, the cyber actors tried to monetize their network access to conduct a business email compromise (BEC) operation. In 2020, security researchers noted overlapping TTPs, to include fake job lures and code similarities, between [Operation Dream Job](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/9a94e646-cbe5-54a1-8bf6-70ef745e641b), Operation North Star, and Operation Interception; by 2022 security researchers described [Operation Dream Job](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/9a94e646-cbe5-54a1-8bf6-70ef745e641b) as an umbrella term covering both Operation Interception and Operation North Star.<sup>[[ClearSky Lazarus Aug 2020](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/2827e6e4-8163-47fb-9e22-b59e59cd338f)]</sup><sup>[[McAfee Lazarus Jul 2020](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/43581a7d-d71a-4121-abb6-127483a49d12)]</sup><sup>[[ESET Lazarus Jun 2020](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/b16a0141-dea3-4b34-8279-7bc1ce3d7052)]</sup><sup>[[The Hacker News Lazarus Aug 2022](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/8ae38830-1547-5cc1-83a4-87c3a7c82aa6)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0022",
        "first_seen": "2019-09-01T04:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2020-08-01T04:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "9a94e646-cbe5-54a1-8bf6-70ef745e641b",
      "value": "Operation Dream Job"
    },
    {
      "description": "[Operation Dust Storm](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/af0c0f55-dc4f-4cb5-9350-3a2d7c07595f) was a long-standing persistent cyber espionage campaign that targeted multiple industries in Japan, South Korea, the United States, Europe, and several Southeast Asian countries. By 2015, the [Operation Dust Storm](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/af0c0f55-dc4f-4cb5-9350-3a2d7c07595f) threat actors shifted from government and defense-related intelligence targets to Japanese companies or Japanese subdivisions of larger foreign organizations supporting Japan's critical infrastructure, including electricity generation, oil and natural gas, finance, transportation, and construction.<sup>[[Cylance Dust Storm](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/001dd53c-74e6-4add-aeb7-da76b0d2afe8)]</sup>\n\n[Operation Dust Storm](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/af0c0f55-dc4f-4cb5-9350-3a2d7c07595f) threat actors also began to use Android backdoors in their operations by 2015, with all identified victims at the time residing in Japan or South Korea.<sup>[[Cylance Dust Storm](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/001dd53c-74e6-4add-aeb7-da76b0d2afe8)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0016",
        "first_seen": "2010-01-01T07:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2016-02-01T06:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "af0c0f55-dc4f-4cb5-9350-3a2d7c07595f",
      "value": "Operation Dust Storm"
    },
    {
      "description": "[Operation Ghost](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/1fcfe949-5f96-578e-86ad-069ba123c867) was an [APT29](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/4c3e48b9-4426-4271-a7af-c3dfad79f447) campaign starting in 2013 that included operations against ministries of foreign affairs in Europe and the Washington, D.C. embassy of a European Union country. During [Operation Ghost](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/1fcfe949-5f96-578e-86ad-069ba123c867), [APT29](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/4c3e48b9-4426-4271-a7af-c3dfad79f447) used new families of malware and leveraged web services, steganography, and unique C2 infrastructure for each victim.<sup>[[ESET Dukes October 2019](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/fbc77b85-cc5a-4c65-956d-b8556974b4ef)]</sup>\n",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0023",
        "first_seen": "2013-09-01T04:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2019-10-01T04:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "1fcfe949-5f96-578e-86ad-069ba123c867",
      "value": "Operation Ghost"
    },
    {
      "description": "[Operation Honeybee](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/f741ed36-2d52-40ae-bbdc-70722f4071c7) was a campaign that targeted humanitarian aid and inter-Korean affairs organizations from at least late 2017 through early 2018. [Operation Honeybee](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/f741ed36-2d52-40ae-bbdc-70722f4071c7) initially targeted South Korea, but expanded to include Vietnam, Singapore, Japan, Indonesia, Argentina, and Canada. Security researchers assessed the threat actors were likely Korean speakers based on metadata used in both lure documents and executables, and named the campaign \"Honeybee\" after the author name discovered in malicious Word documents.<sup>[[McAfee Honeybee](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/e6f0f7b5-01fe-437f-a9c9-2ea054e7d69d)]</sup> ",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0006",
        "first_seen": "2017-08-01T05:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2018-02-01T06:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "f741ed36-2d52-40ae-bbdc-70722f4071c7",
      "value": "Operation Honeybee"
    },
    {
      "description": "Operation In(ter)ception refers to a series of threat activities attributed to Lazarus Group dating back to at least late 2019. Operation In(ter)ception campaigns are considered a sub-component of broader Lazarus Group espionage activities known as Operation Dream Job. Operation In(ter)ception attacks typically feature social engineering lures containing fake job vacany announcements for cryptocurrency companies. They are designed to ultimately infect targets with macOS malware.<sup>[[SentinelOne 9 26 2022](/references/973a110c-f1cd-46cd-b92b-5c7d8e7492b1)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3040",
        "first_seen": "2019-12-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-09-26T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "9637ff1e-803e-47f7-b808-f4d1ef6fd500",
      "value": "Operation In(ter)ception"
    },
    {
      "description": "[Operation Sharpshooter](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/57e858c8-fd0b-4382-a178-0165d03aa8a9) was a global cyber espionage campaign that targeted nuclear, defense, government, energy, and financial companies, with many located in Germany, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Security researchers noted the campaign shared many similarities with previous [Lazarus Group](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/0bc66e95-de93-4de7-b415-4041b7191f08) operations, including fake job recruitment lures and shared malware code.<sup>[[McAfee Sharpshooter December 2018](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/96b6d012-8620-4ef5-bf9a-5f88e465a495)]</sup><sup>[[Bleeping Computer Op Sharpshooter March 2019](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/84430646-6568-4288-8710-2827692a8862)]</sup><sup>[[Threatpost New Op Sharpshooter Data March 2019](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/2361b5b1-3a01-4d77-99c6-261f444a498e)]</sup>    ",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0013",
        "first_seen": "2017-09-01T05:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2019-03-01T06:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "57e858c8-fd0b-4382-a178-0165d03aa8a9",
      "value": "Operation Sharpshooter"
    },
    {
      "description": "[Operation Spalax](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/98d3a8ac-6af9-4471-83f6-e880ca70261f) was a campaign that primarily targeted Colombian government organizations and private companies, particularly those associated with the energy and metallurgical industries. The [Operation Spalax](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/98d3a8ac-6af9-4471-83f6-e880ca70261f) threat actors distributed commodity malware and tools using generic phishing topics related to COVID-19, banking, and law enforcement action. Security researchers noted indicators of compromise and some infrastructure overlaps with other campaigns dating back to April 2018, including at least one separately attributed to [APT-C-36](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/153c14a6-31b7-44f2-892e-6d9fdc152267), however identified enough differences to report this as separate, unattributed activity.<sup>[[ESET Operation Spalax Jan 2021](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/b699dd10-7d3f-4542-bf8a-b3f0c747bd0e)]</sup>  ",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0005",
        "first_seen": "2019-11-01T05:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2021-01-01T06:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "98d3a8ac-6af9-4471-83f6-e880ca70261f",
      "value": "Operation Spalax"
    },
    {
      "description": "[Operation Wocao](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/56e4e10f-8c8c-4b7c-8355-7ed89af181be) was a cyber espionage campaign that targeted organizations around the world, including in Brazil, China, France, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The suspected China-based actors compromised government organizations and managed service providers, as well as aviation, construction, energy, finance, health care, insurance, offshore engineering, software development, and transportation companies.<sup>[[FoxIT Wocao December 2019](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/aa3e31c7-71cd-4a3f-b482-9049c9abb631)]</sup>\n\nSecurity researchers assessed the [Operation Wocao](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/56e4e10f-8c8c-4b7c-8355-7ed89af181be) actors used similar TTPs and tools as APT20, suggesting a possible overlap. [Operation Wocao](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/56e4e10f-8c8c-4b7c-8355-7ed89af181be) was named after an observed command line entry by one of the threat actors, possibly out of frustration from losing webshell access.<sup>[[FoxIT Wocao December 2019](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/aa3e31c7-71cd-4a3f-b482-9049c9abb631)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0014",
        "first_seen": "2017-12-01T05:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2019-12-01T05:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "56e4e10f-8c8c-4b7c-8355-7ed89af181be",
      "value": "Operation Wocao"
    },
    {
      "description": "In May 2023, U.S. Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) authorities released Cybersecurity Advisory AA23-131A, which detailed observed exploits of a vulnerability, CVE-2023-27350, affecting certain versions of PaperCut NG and PaperCut MF, software applications for print management. PaperCut released a patch for the vulnerability in March 2023.<sup>[[PaperCut MF/NG vulnerability bulletin](/references/d6e71b45-fc91-40f4-8201-2186994ae42a)]</sup> According to the Advisory, authorities observed unspecified threat actors exploiting the vulnerability in mid-April 2023, followed by exploitation by the self-identified Bl00dy Ransomware Gang the following month.<sup>[[U.S. CISA PaperCut May 2023](/references/b5ef2b97-7cc7-470b-ae97-a45dc4af32a6)]</sup>\n\nCVE-2023-27350 allows a remote actor to bypass authentication and remotely execute code on servers running affected versions of PaperCut software. In May, U.S. authorities observed Bl00dy Ransomware Gang actors exploiting the vulnerability to achieve initial access into education sector entities' networks and ingressing both legitimate remote management and maintenance (RMM) tools and several other command and control-related malware, including Lizar, Truebot, and Cobalt Strike. In some cases, the actors ultimately exfiltrated victim data and encrypted files, demanding payment in order to decrypt affected systems (the Advisory did not indicate how precisely actors encrypted data). The Advisory indicated that the \"Education Facilities Subsector\" maintains nearly 70% of exposed (but not necessarily vulnerable) U.S.-based PaperCut servers.<sup>[[U.S. CISA PaperCut May 2023](/references/b5ef2b97-7cc7-470b-ae97-a45dc4af32a6)]</sup>\n\nThe Advisory instructed defenders to focus CVE-2023-27350 detection efforts on three areas: network traffic signatures, system monitoring, and server settings and log files. More details and resources for detection can be found in the [source report](https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa23-131a).\n\n**Related Vulnerabilities**: CVE-2023-27350<sup>[[U.S. CISA PaperCut May 2023](/references/b5ef2b97-7cc7-470b-ae97-a45dc4af32a6)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3006",
        "first_seen": "2023-04-15T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-05-30T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "5e7433ad-a894-4489-93bc-41e90da90019",
          "7e7b0c67-bb85-4996-a289-da0e792d7172",
          "15787198-6c8b-4f79-bf50-258d55072fee",
          "a98d7a43-f227-478e-81de-e7299639a355",
          "992bdd33-4a47-495d-883a-58010a2f0efb"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "38443d11-135a-47ac-909f-fa34744bc3a5",
      "value": "PaperCut Vulnerability Exploitation"
    },
    {
      "description": "*Operationalize this intelligence by pivoting to relevant defensive resources via the Techniques below. Alternatively, use the **Add to Matrix** button above, then overlay entire sets of capabilities from your own defensive stack to identify threat overlaps & potential gaps (watch a [60-second tutorial here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jBo3XLO01E)).*\n\nThis is a single object to represent the initial access and delivery methods observed with Pikabot distribution in the first year after its discovery. Distribution campaigns have been linked to the TA577 threat actor (previously known for distributing payloads including QakBot, IcedID, SystemBC, and Cobalt Strike)<sup>[[Malwarebytes Pikabot December 15 2023](/references/50b29ef4-7ade-4672-99b6-fdf367170a5b)]</sup><sup>[[Unit42 Malware Roundup December 29 2023](/references/a18e19b5-9046-4c2c-bd94-2cd5061064bf)]</sup>; however, the Technique- and Procedure level intelligence associated with these campaigns that is provided below was not explicitly linked to that group, so we are providing this intelligence to users in this Campaign form. The Water Curupira intrusion set (affiliated with the Black Basta ransomware operation) has also been observed distributing Pikabot.<sup>[[Trend Micro Pikabot January 9 2024](/references/dc7d882b-4e83-42da-8e2f-f557b675930a)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3019",
        "first_seen": "2023-02-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-12-31T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "f8669b82-2194-49a9-8e20-92e7f9ab0a6f",
          "84615fe0-c2a5-4e07-8957-78ebc29b4635"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "71f6d3b1-c45e-421c-99cb-3b695647cf0b",
      "value": "Pikabot Distribution Campaigns 2023"
    },
    {
      "description": "[Pikabot](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/fb1b0624-3290-5977-abbc-bc9609b51f8d) was distributed in [Pikabot Distribution February 2024](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/6e6fa0e4-18b3-5700-803d-b821dcdcd787) using malicious emails with embedded links leading to malicious ZIP archives requiring user interaction for follow-on infection. The version of [Pikabot](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/fb1b0624-3290-5977-abbc-bc9609b51f8d) distributed featured significant changes over the 2023 variant, including reduced code complexity and simplified obfuscation mechanisms.<sup>[[Elastic Pikabot 2024](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/6c222f33-f588-513c-9149-4c2308e05319)]</sup><sup>[[Zscaler Pikabot 2024](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/9c1edd25-0fd0-5b5d-8091-68074da52593)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0036",
        "first_seen": "2024-02-01T05:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-02-01T05:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "6e6fa0e4-18b3-5700-803d-b821dcdcd787",
      "value": "Pikabot Distribution February 2024"
    },
    {
      "description": "Researchers observed a campaign, with activity occurring between March and at least June 2024, where multiple discrete threat actor clusters used similar social engineering techniques to trick users into copying and executing PowerShell scripts, which ultimately led to malware deployment on the victim's system. Payloads included droppers, RATs, and information stealer malware.\n\nInitial contact with the victim occurred through both malspam email campaigns and web browser injects, which would trigger a popup claiming an error occurred when trying to open a document or webpage. The popup would prompt the user to run a script in the PowerShell terminal or Windows Run dialog box. Researchers attributed these campaigns to TA571, an initial access broker, a known intrusion set (ClearFake), and a newer group dubbed ClickFix.<sup>[[Proofpoint June 17 2024](/references/a65d7492-04a4-46d4-85ed-134786c6828b)]</sup><sup>[[BleepingComputer Fake Chrome Errors June 17 2024](/references/6efa70e3-d8eb-4260-b0ab-62335681e6fd)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3045",
        "first_seen": "2024-03-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-06-07T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "9864ed5a-0633-4c04-85f1-728d3ff37e82",
      "value": "PowerShell User Execution Social Engineering Campaign (TA571, ClearFake, ClickFix)"
    },
    {
      "description": "A collections of TTPs associated with a phishing-based campaign that resulted in QakBot deployments. The campaign comes about four months after the reported disruption of QakBot distribution networks in an international law enforcement operation.<sup>[[K7 QakBot Returns January 4 2024](/references/5cb5e645-b77b-4bd1-a742-c8f53f234713)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3020",
        "first_seen": "2023-12-11T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-01-04T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "e809d252-12cc-494d-94f5-954c49eb87ce",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "6292123a-3d7e-4e8e-8ff0-daa7868433b7",
      "value": "QakBot January 2024 Campaign"
    },
    {
      "description": "Independent investigators reported details about a response to a compromise involving Quantum ransomware. The date of the attack was not disclosed, but the incident was reported in April 2022. IcedID was used to gain an initial foothold, Cobalt Strike and RDP were leveraged for lateral movement, and WMI and PsExec were used to deploy the ransomware payload. The incident was described as \"one of the fastest ransomware cases\" the investigators had handled, with domain-wide encryption occurring within four hours of initial access.<sup>[[The DFIR Report April 25 2022](/references/2e28c754-911a-4f08-a7bd-4580f5283571)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3043",
        "first_seen": "2022-04-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-04-25T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "5e7433ad-a894-4489-93bc-41e90da90019",
          "7e7b0c67-bb85-4996-a289-da0e792d7172",
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "a9bef150-04e6-41f2-9f94-069f9912f5e3",
      "value": "Quantum Ransomware Compromise"
    },
    {
      "description": "On October 10, 2024, U.S. cybersecurity authorities and international patners released a joint Cybersecurity Advisory (JCSA-20241010-001), which detailed TTPs used by Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) actors (aka APT29, Midnight Blizzard, et al) during \"recent\" cyber operations. The advisory highlighted the variety of initial access and post-exploitation TTPs leveraged by SVR actors in both targeted and broad-based campaigns, and it also spotlighted that these actors have the \"capability and interest\" to exploit a relatively long list of publicly disclosed vulnerabilities, which are tagged to this object.<sup>[[FBI SVR Update October 10 2024](/references/63a76e88-2cd1-4cfa-bd96-4c1c3eebb39b)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3062",
        "first_seen": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-10-10T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "af5e9be5-b86e-47af-91dd-966a5e34a186",
          "61cdbb28-cbfd-498b-9ab1-1f14337f9524",
          "e551ae97-d1b4-484e-9267-89f33829ec2c",
          "154bd6f0-9276-4ea5-946c-d35769d3ae4b",
          "1ee3e55f-8f28-43c4-9f01-8a1bad68bd56",
          "082b6886-9f4a-4237-82e4-827f6bab704e",
          "7d158419-2d50-4688-aa4f-3b68a4d30870",
          "5c7a911d-9f28-4f13-a6aa-c7a2e2b3ca55",
          "46404b24-e38a-4fea-981b-cac3d3020c8b",
          "9a0df3c4-2bbf-4192-a08a-ec27d9a4c5f1",
          "e676e31d-d1d4-4a83-afa9-acf58be4f92a",
          "49478e42-38e9-417c-9cf9-7f2c5d41bfa8",
          "b7ad8591-fbff-46ec-8f4a-33f569cce2f9",
          "5ef89937-dd06-4407-91d2-61db30c75934",
          "72d3fa15-265b-4f4c-ba77-635d8531fe69",
          "5bd6e9f7-78e3-4a8b-8734-c8c45b61a76d",
          "b3665c87-5cb3-414e-8910-d4ffe53371c2",
          "d1596bb2-b947-419a-b1f0-8f38e28eae09",
          "49a674f7-c117-422e-8057-67bdfab2de9c",
          "a4240ea5-b7d4-40a0-afbd-76fcf2e4ebbc",
          "f97e406e-0d4b-4927-af03-8113a720417f",
          "1b0321d7-4d9a-4977-bd2a-092c2693b328",
          "cccb02c5-9791-4cb4-8fe8-0c5a6aea7dcf",
          "15b77e5c-2285-434d-9719-73c14beba8bd",
          "08809fa0-61b6-4394-b103-1c4d19a5be16",
          "7551097a-dfdd-426f-aaa2-a2916dd9b873",
          "a32a757a-9d6b-43ca-ac4b-5f695dd0f110",
          "1b98f09a-7d93-4abb-8f3e-1eacdb9f9871"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "246d56a6-141c-4d60-a346-538e44fac1c9",
      "value": "Russian SVR Cyber Operations and Vulnerability Exploitation Activity"
    },
    {
      "description": "Researchers have observed an evolution in Scattered Spider's/UNC3944's TTPs since the second half of 2023, with actors especially focusing on gaining wide access to victim SaaS environments for reconnaissance, data theft, and subsequent extortion purposes. This object reflects the MITRE ATT&CK® Techniques associated with this activity.<sup>[[Google Cloud June 13 2024](/references/161423a2-165d-448f-90e9-0c53e319a125)]</sup>\n\nNotable Techniques newly associated with Scattered Spider via this Campaign object include Forge Web Credentials: SAML Tokens (T1606.002), Impair Defenses: Disable or Modify Tools (T1562.001), Indicator Removal: Clear Windows Event Logs (T1070.001), Software Discovery: Security Software Discovery (T1518.001), and Pre-OS Boot: System Firmware (T1542.001).",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3041",
        "first_seen": "2023-08-13T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-06-13T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "fe28cf32-a15c-44cf-892c-faa0360d6109",
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "43f29c00-437f-43f3-8d69-052a06f1a2eb",
      "value": "Scattered Spider TTP Evolution - SaaS Targeting"
    },
    {
      "description": "This object represents a collection of MITRE ATT&CK® Techniques and other objects (Groups and/or Software) related to recently reported attacks that featured exploits of recently disclosed vulnerabilities in the ConnectWise ScreenConnect utility (CVE-2024-1709 and CVE-2024-1708, aka \"SlashAndGrab\"). Several of the observed attacks saw the ingress of various malicious tools, including suspected ransomware.\n\nFurther background & contextual details can be found in the References tab below.",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3024",
        "first_seen": "2024-02-19T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-02-23T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "fdd53e62-5bf1-41f1-8bd6-b970a866c39d",
          "d431939f-2dc0-410b-83f7-86c458125444",
          "7e7b0c67-bb85-4996-a289-da0e792d7172",
          "e727eaa6-ef41-4965-b93a-8ad0c51d0236",
          "509a90c7-9ca9-4b23-bca2-cd38ef6a6207",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "365150b8-94ed-4d43-895e-fb07d0a8a7cd",
      "value": "ScreenConnect Vulnerability Exploit Attacks"
    },
    {
      "description": "The [SolarWinds Compromise](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/8bde8146-0656-5800-82e6-e24e008e4f4a) was a sophisticated supply chain cyber operation conducted by [APT29](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/4c3e48b9-4426-4271-a7af-c3dfad79f447) that was discovered in mid-December 2020. [APT29](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/4c3e48b9-4426-4271-a7af-c3dfad79f447) used customized malware to inject malicious code into the SolarWinds Orion software build process that was later distributed through a normal software update; they also used password spraying, token theft, API abuse, spear phishing, and other supply chain attacks to compromise user accounts and leverage their associated access. Victims of this campaign included government, consulting, technology, telecom, and other organizations in North America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. This activity has been labled the StellarParticle campaign in industry reporting.<sup>[[CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/149c1446-d6a1-4a63-9420-def9272d6cb9)]</sup> Industry reporting also initially referred to the actors involved in this campaign as UNC2452, NOBELIUM, Dark Halo, and SolarStorm.<sup>[[SolarWinds Advisory Dec 2020](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/4e8b908a-bdc5-441b-bc51-98dfa87f6b7a)]</sup><sup>[[SolarWinds Sunburst Sunspot Update January 2021](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/1be1b6e0-1b42-4d07-856b-b6321c17bb88)]</sup><sup>[[FireEye SUNBURST Backdoor December 2020](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/d006ed03-a8af-4887-9356-3481d81d43e4)]</sup><sup>[[Volexity SolarWinds](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/355cecf8-ef3e-4a6e-a652-3bf26fe46d88)]</sup><sup>[[CrowdStrike StellarParticle January 2022](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/149c1446-d6a1-4a63-9420-def9272d6cb9)]</sup><sup>[[Unit 42 SolarStorm December 2020](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/ecbb602a-2427-5eba-8c2b-25d90c95f166)]</sup><sup>[[Microsoft Analyzing Solorigate Dec 2020](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/8ad72d46-ba2c-426f-bb0d-eb47723c8e11)]</sup><sup>[[Microsoft Internal Solorigate Investigation Blog](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/66cade99-0040-464c-98a6-bba57719f0a4)]</sup> \n\nIn April 2021, the US and UK governments attributed the [SolarWinds Compromise](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/8bde8146-0656-5800-82e6-e24e008e4f4a) to Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR); public statements included citations to [APT29](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/4c3e48b9-4426-4271-a7af-c3dfad79f447), Cozy Bear, and The Dukes.<sup>[[NSA Joint Advisory SVR SolarWinds April 2021](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/43d9c469-1d54-454b-ba67-74e7f1de9c10)]</sup><sup>[[UK NSCS Russia SolarWinds April 2021](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/f49e6780-8caa-4c3c-8d68-47a2cc4319a1)]</sup><sup>[[Mandiant UNC2452 APT29 April 2022](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/5276508c-6792-56be-b757-e4b495ef6c37)]</sup> The US government assessed that of the approximately 18,000 affected public and private sector customers of Solar Winds’ Orion product, a much smaller number were compromised by follow-on [APT29](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/4c3e48b9-4426-4271-a7af-c3dfad79f447) activity on their systems.<sup>[[USG Joint Statement SolarWinds January 2021](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/336a6549-a95d-5763-bbaf-5ef0d3141800)]</sup> ",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0024",
        "first_seen": "2019-08-01T05:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2021-01-01T06:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE",
        "tags": [
          "fe28cf32-a15c-44cf-892c-faa0360d6109",
          "f2ae2283-f94d-4f8f-bbde-43f2bed66c55"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "8bde8146-0656-5800-82e6-e24e008e4f4a",
      "value": "SolarWinds Compromise"
    },
    {
      "description": "Microsoft researchers observed Storm-0501 actors abusing hybrid user identities and their associated privileges in order to pivot from on-premises to cloud environments in Q3 2024. Storm-0501 is a financially motivated actor that has been known to deploy multiple distinct ransomware families and exfiltrate data for extortion purposes, leveraging the relatively new, Rust-based Embargo ransomware (along with a number of supporting commodity and open-source tools) during the hybrid compromise attack.<sup>[[Microsoft Security Blog September 26 2024](/references/bf05138b-f690-4b0f-ba10-9af71f7d9bfc)]</sup> Mandiant reserachers linked Storm-0501 with an actor group they track as UNC2190, which was observed carrying out ransomware attacks while branded as \"54BB47h\" (Sabbath) in 2021.<sup>[[Mandiant Sabbath Ransomware November 29 2021](/references/ab3a20a5-2df1-4f8e-989d-baa96ffaca74)]</sup><sup>[[Tyler McLellan UNC2190 September 26 2024](/references/32298444-284a-4991-ba3b-a80bd62be903)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3057",
        "first_seen": "2024-07-17T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-09-17T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "ecfc9a06-e970-4310-ac3f-0af98163563b",
          "1c1a335a-dc30-470d-9539-b09aa87e2f8c",
          "15b77e5c-2285-434d-9719-73c14beba8bd",
          "532b7819-d407-41e9-9733-0d716b69eb17",
          "c9c73000-30a5-4a16-8c8b-79169f9c24aa",
          "5e7433ad-a894-4489-93bc-41e90da90019",
          "7e7b0c67-bb85-4996-a289-da0e792d7172",
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "96a04dd1-c6e6-4edd-ada4-03171fd15b2d",
      "value": "Storm-0501 Hybrid Cloud Compromise"
    },
    {
      "description": "This object represents a collection of MITRE ATT&CK® Techniques and other objects (Groups and/or Software) related to the specified threat activity. Further background & contextual details can be found in the References tab below.",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3029",
        "first_seen": "2024-02-26T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-02-27T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "55fe6e08-96df-41a0-bfa9-555c6b4ce623",
      "value": "TA577 NTLM Credential Theft Attacks"
    },
    {
      "description": "[Triton Safety Instrumented System Attack](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/6c7185e1-bd46-5a80-9a76-a376b16fbc7b) was a campaign employed by [TEMP.Veles](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/3a54b8dc-a231-4db8-96da-1c0c1aa396f6) which leveraged the [Triton](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/) malware framework against a petrochemical organization.<sup>[[Triton-EENews-2017](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/5cc54d85-ee53-579d-a8fb-9b54b3540dc0)]</sup> The malware and techniques used within this campaign targeted specific Triconex [Safety Controller](https://attack.mitre.org/assets/A0010)s within the environment.<sup>[[FireEye TRITON 2018](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/bfa5886a-a7f4-40d1-98d0-c3358abcf265)]</sup> The incident was eventually discovered due to a safety trip that occurred as a result of an issue in the malware.<sup>[[FireEye TRITON 2017](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/597a4d8b-ffb2-4551-86db-b319f5a5b707)]</sup>\n",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0030",
        "first_seen": "2017-06-01T04:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2017-08-01T04:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE",
        "tags": [
          "3ed3f7a6-b446-4fbc-a433-ff1d63c0e647"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "6c7185e1-bd46-5a80-9a76-a376b16fbc7b",
      "value": "Triton Safety Instrumented System Attack"
    },
    {
      "description": "Mandiant researchers observed UNC2190, an actor group now linked to Storm-0501, deploying evasive, in-memory-only ransomware in 2021 while branded as the \"54BB47h\" (Sabbath) ransomware gang. The group had previously branded its operations as Eruption and Arcane. UNC2190 was seen targeting organizations in the education, health, and natural resources sectors in the United States and Canada from June through at least October 2021.<sup>[[Mandiant Sabbath Ransomware November 29 2021](/references/ab3a20a5-2df1-4f8e-989d-baa96ffaca74)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3058",
        "first_seen": "2021-06-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2021-10-26T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "5e7433ad-a894-4489-93bc-41e90da90019",
          "7e7b0c67-bb85-4996-a289-da0e792d7172",
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "1a9e2500-a1aa-4001-8bb4-9d7ebca60d47",
      "value": "UNC2190 2021 Ransomware Activity"
    },
    {
      "description": "On September 5, 2024, international authorities published joint Cybersecurity Advisory AA24-249A, which detailed recent activity linked to cyber actors affiliated with the 161st Specialist Training Center (aka Unit 29155) of the Russian General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU), the foreign military intelligence agency of Russia's armed forces. The advisory highlighted Unit 29155 espionage, sabotage, and reputational cyber attacks carried out against targets around the world since 2020.\n\nWhile Unit 29155 had been previously linked to influence, interference, and physical sabotage operations, the advisory noted how the group has expanded its tradecraft to now include offensive cyber operations. The advisory indicated that several groups tracked by the cybersecurity community relate to Unit 29155 cyber actors but may not be directly synonyms with all parts of the Unit (or each other), including: Cadet Blizzard, DEV-0586, Ember Bear, Bleeding Bear, Frozenvista, UNC2589, and UAC-0056.<sup>[[U.S. CISA Unit 29155 September 5 2024](/references/9631a46d-3e0a-4f25-962b-0b2501c47926)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3053",
        "first_seen": "2020-08-03T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-09-05T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "af5e9be5-b86e-47af-91dd-966a5e34a186",
          "35e694ec-5133-46e3-b7e1-5831867c3b55",
          "d8f7e071-fbfd-46f8-b431-e241bb1513ac",
          "61cdbb28-cbfd-498b-9ab1-1f14337f9524",
          "e551ae97-d1b4-484e-9267-89f33829ec2c",
          "15787198-6c8b-4f79-bf50-258d55072fee",
          "5b8371c5-1173-4496-82c7-5f0433987e77",
          "f18e6c1d-d2ee-4eda-8172-67dcbc4e59ed",
          "9e4936f0-e3b7-4721-a638-58b2d093b2f2",
          "1281067e-4a7e-4003-acf8-e436105bf395",
          "7c67d99a-fc8a-4463-8f46-45e9a39fe6b0",
          "fe28cf32-a15c-44cf-892c-faa0360d6109",
          "15f2277a-a17e-4d85-8acd-480bf84f16b4"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "5e1bc9d2-1f2e-4ba3-b6b8-8d4e1f635762",
      "value": "Unit 29155 Russian Military Cyber Activity"
    },
    {
      "description": "Researchers observed suspected \"China-nexus\" actor Velvet Ant exploiting CVE-2024-20399 in Cisco Nexus network switch devices in order to upload and execute \"previously unknown custom malware\" on the devices' operating systems. Researchers first observed \"zero-day\" exploit activity in the wild at an undisclosed point \"during the past year\", and after they shared the findings, Cisco acknowledged the vulnerability in an advisory published on July 1, 2024.\n\nThe vulnerability's overall risk is mitigated by the fact that it requires valid administrator-level credentials and network access to the target switch for successful exploitation. However, researchers highlighted how sophisticated threat groups are increasingly targeting network appliances as means of network access and persistence, since those appliances \"are often not sufficiently protected and monitored\". This exploit campaign was discovered as part of a larger investigation into Velvet Ant, which was previously observed targeting F5 load balancer devices for persistence.<sup>[[The Hacker News Velvet Ant Cisco July 2 2024](/references/e3949201-c949-4126-9e02-34bfad4713c0)]</sup><sup>[[Sygnia Velvet Ant July 1 2024](/references/a0cfeeb6-4617-4dea-80d2-290eaf2bcf5b)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3046",
        "first_seen": "2023-07-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-07-01T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "72bc70fa-3979-4d3b-a0e9-b9ebebcf2a38",
          "a98d7a43-f227-478e-81de-e7299639a355",
          "a159c91c-5258-49ea-af7d-e803008d97d3",
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "bcf6bb5b-443f-4adb-ab6b-f864ea27614d",
      "value": "Velvet Ant Cisco Network Switches Exploit Activity (CVE-2024-20399)"
    },
    {
      "description": "This object reflects the tools & TTPs associated with a campaign attributed to Velvet Ant, a suspected \"China-nexus\" state-sponsored threat group. Researchers believe the actor managed to maintain extremely prolonged access to a victim network – residing and remaining active there for around three years – notably by abusing a legacy, internet-exposed F5 BIG-IP load balancer appliance as an internal command and control mechanism. Researchers assess the intrusion was carried out for espionage purposes.<sup>[[Sygnia Velvet Ant June 17 2024](/references/5c313af4-61a8-449d-a6c7-f7ead6c72e19)]</sup><sup>[[BleepingComputer Velvet Ant June 17 2024](/references/70235e47-f8bb-4d16-9933-9f4923f08f5d)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3044",
        "first_seen": "2020-12-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-12-01T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "a159c91c-5258-49ea-af7d-e803008d97d3",
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "b78565ce-8eec-49ad-b762-8d2107fa9ce7",
      "value": "Velvet Ant F5 BIG-IP Espionage Activity"
    },
    {
      "description": "[Versa Director Zero Day Exploitation](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/e28a09b7-885f-5556-b56e-7ad3e0581ac0) was conducted by [Volt Typhoon](https://app.tidalcyber.com/groups/4ea1245f-3f35-5168-bd10-1fc49142fd4e) from early June through August 2024 as zero-day exploitation of Versa Director servers controlling software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) applications. Since tracked as CVE-2024-39717, exploitation focused on credential capture from compromised Versa Director servers at managed service providers (MSPs) and internet service providers (ISPs) to enable follow-on access to service provider clients. [Versa Director Zero Day Exploitation](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/e28a09b7-885f-5556-b56e-7ad3e0581ac0) was followed by the delivery of the [VersaMem](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/ea857bb3-408e-566f-a693-96d9dc4f3c90) web shell for both credential theft and follow-on code execution.<sup>[[Lumen Versa 2024](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/1d7f40f7-76e6-5ba2-8561-17f3646cf407)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0039",
        "first_seen": "2024-06-01T06:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-08-01T06:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE",
        "tags": [
          "a98d7a43-f227-478e-81de-e7299639a355",
          "712d4124-8860-488a-a780-2938f9df6313"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "e28a09b7-885f-5556-b56e-7ad3e0581ac0",
      "value": "Versa Director Zero Day Exploitation"
    },
    {
      "description": "Void Banshee is an advanced persistent threat (APT) group identified by Trend Micro researchers, which is known to target victims in North America, Europe, and Southeast Asia for information theft and financial gain. In May 2024, researchers observed Void Banshee actors exploiting CVE-2024-38112, a remote code execution vulnerability in the \"MSHTML\" web browser software component. The vulnerability had not been previously disclosed, so the campaign was characterized as \"zero-day\" exploit activity. Actors delivered the Atlantida infostealer malware during the observed attacks.<sup>[[Trend Micro Void Banshee July 15 2024](/references/02c4dda2-3aae-43ec-9b14-df282b200def)]</sup>\n\nLater, researchers noted that Void Banshee also exploited a separate MSHTML-related vulnerability, CVE-2024-43461, as a zero-day during attacks culminating in Atlantida infostealer deployments.<sup>[[BleepingComputer Void Banshee September 16 2024](/references/2c9a2355-02c5-4718-ad6e-b2fac9ad4096)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3054",
        "first_seen": "2024-05-15T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-07-15T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "0281a78d-1eb1-4e10-9327-2032928e37d9",
          "ff8a2e10-4bf7-45f0-954c-8847fdcb9612",
          "a98d7a43-f227-478e-81de-e7299639a355",
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "dbe34d5d-91b0-4a50-98c7-4e36ba0bcda6",
      "value": "Void Banshee Zero-Day Exploit Activity"
    },
    {
      "description": "This object represents a collection of MITRE ATT&CK® Techniques and other objects related to the subject threat. Further contextual details are provided via the sources in the References tab below and any associated Tags.",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3050",
        "first_seen": "2024-08-05T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-08-29T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "fe28cf32-a15c-44cf-892c-faa0360d6109",
          "82009876-294a-4e06-8cfc-3236a429bda4",
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "e740e392-98cb-428a-ab92-b0a4d1d546b7",
      "value": "Voldemort Malware Delivery Campaign"
    },
    {
      "description": "*We are no longer maintaining this object in favor of a similar object subsequently published by MITRE: \"Versa Director Zero Day Exploitation\" (Campaign). All relevant Tidal content extensions (e.g. additional Technique and Object relationships and metadata) have been added to the MITRE-authored object.*\n\nThis object represents a collection of MITRE ATT&CK® Techniques and other objects related to the subject threat. Further contextual details are provided via the sources in the References tab below and any associated Tags.",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3067",
        "first_seen": "2024-06-12T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-07-15T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "a98d7a43-f227-478e-81de-e7299639a355",
          "712d4124-8860-488a-a780-2938f9df6313",
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "553feab0-28a8-4a0f-a4a9-2aac6aa11c56",
      "value": "Volt Typhoon Versa Director Zero-Day Exploitation (CVE-2024-39717) (Deprecated)"
    },
    {
      "description": "[Pikabot](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/fb1b0624-3290-5977-abbc-bc9609b51f8d) was distributed in [Water Curupira Pikabot Distribution](https://app.tidalcyber.com/campaigns/5b6d5717-676d-5e8b-a2a3-2717c62f6450) throughout 2023 by an entity linked to BlackBasta ransomware deployment via email attachments. This activity followed the take-down of [QakBot](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/9050b418-5ffd-481a-a30d-f9059b0871ea), with several technical overlaps and similarities with [QakBot](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/9050b418-5ffd-481a-a30d-f9059b0871ea), indicating a possible connection. The identified activity led to the deployment of tools such as [Cobalt Strike](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/9b6bcbba-3ab4-4a4c-a233-cd12254823f6), while coinciding with campaigns delivering [DarkGate](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/39d81c48-8f7c-54cb-8fac-485598e31a55) and [IcedID](https://app.tidalcyber.com/software/7f59bb7c-5fa9-497d-9d8e-ba9349fd9433) en route to ransomware deployment.<sup>[[TrendMicro Pikabot 2024](https://app.tidalcyber.com/references/a2a22246-d49e-5847-9d20-dac64f1df3ea)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C0037",
        "first_seen": "2023-01-01T05:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2023-12-01T05:00:00Z",
        "source": "MITRE"
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "5b6d5717-676d-5e8b-a2a3-2717c62f6450",
      "value": "Water Curupira Pikabot Distribution"
    },
    {
      "description": "Security researchers observed adversaries using Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV) remote file management technology - hosted via free, development/testing-focused Cloudflare servers - to deliver various malware payloads, including AsyncRAT, XWorm, VenomRAT, and the PureLogs infostealer. One infection involved an unspecified organization in the government sector.<sup>[[Esentire July 31 2024](/references/18185ffd-8a66-4531-86de-4ba4dd9f675b)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3059",
        "first_seen": "2024-07-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-07-31T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "61085b71-eb19-46d8-a9e6-1ab9d2f3c08d",
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "635edcc0-f8af-4b61-85ba-2589df9f3c58",
      "value": "WebDAV Malware Delivery Activity"
    },
    {
      "description": "Researchers observed a campaign that used phishing communications to trick victims into clicking links that would redirect them to compromised websites hosting a zero-day vulnerability exploit to bypass Microsoft Windows SmartScreen security technology (CVE-2024-21412). The exploit activity involved additional redirect activity, including via internet shortcut files hosted on an adversary WebDAV server. The attacks culminated in delivery of the DarkGate loader/remote access trojan.<sup>[[Trend Micro March 13 2024](/references/0574a0a7-694b-4858-b053-8f7911c8ce54)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3061",
        "first_seen": "2024-01-15T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2024-02-13T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "5187cea7-601f-4829-8b41-306044200b64",
          "a98d7a43-f227-478e-81de-e7299639a355",
          "61085b71-eb19-46d8-a9e6-1ab9d2f3c08d",
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "22265193-4c7d-4edb-8e4e-727dcefd0a09",
      "value": "Windows SmartScreen Bypass (CVE-2024-21412) DarkGate Campaign"
    },
    {
      "description": "A suspected affiliate of the Zloader operation carried out attacks mainly affecting financial institutions. Intrusions typically came via drive-by compromise and initiallly saw the installation of the Atera software, which was then used to load Zloader, and in some cases, Ursnif.<sup>[[WeLiveSecurity April 19 2022](/references/f86845b9-03c4-446b-845f-b31b79b247ee)]</sup>",
      "meta": {
        "campaign_attack_id": "C3001",
        "first_seen": "2020-10-01T00:00:00Z",
        "last_seen": "2022-04-13T00:00:00Z",
        "owner": "TidalCyberIan",
        "source": "Tidal Cyber",
        "tags": [
          "c6e1f516-1a18-4ff9-b563-e6ac8103b104",
          "ebec1bf0-e06c-48b2-adeb-fc0669306bc8",
          "39357cc1-dbb1-49e4-9fe0-ff24032b94d5",
          "e7681e16-9106-4d0a-a915-9958989161a3",
          "2feda37d-5579-4102-a073-aa02e82cb49f"
        ]
      },
      "related": [],
      "uuid": "396e073e-76d7-4fcf-97b4-9343d0a0b819",
      "value": "Zloader & Ursnif Affiliate Campaign 2020-22"
    }
  ],
  "version": 1
}