Add linting back to CI

[Viicos]

Following #3620, would be great to enforce linting on CI.

I propose using Ruff instead of flake8, it would avoid having to install a bunch of plugins and pyproject.toml configuration is supported.

Format could be included as well if the diff isn't to big.

[behackl]

I like the idea and have heard many good things about ruff. It would be nice to see a branch with this!

[JasonGrace2282]

Tracking PRs:
If you want to help, just send a message here and I'll add your PR to the list :)

Formatting

• Add formatting configuration (Add pyproject for ruff formatting #3777)
• Format code + ignore diff (Ignore Ruff format in git blame #3781)

Linting

• flake8-builtins (Rename parameters and variables conflicting with builtin functions #3884)
• flake8-bugbear (Change flake8-comprehensions and flake8-bugbear to ruff #3882)
• flake8-comprehensions (Change flake8-comprehensions and flake8-bugbear to ruff #3882)
• pycodestyle E (Add Ruff Lint #3780)
• pycodestyle W
• pyflakes (Add Ruff Lint #3780)
• isort (Add Ruff Lint #3780)
• pylint
• flake8-pytest-style (Use ruff for pytest style #3872)
• pygrep hooks (Use Ruff pygrep rules #3923)
• ruff lint rules
• flake8-simplify (Use ruff instead of flake8-simplify #3873)
• pyupgrade
• pydocstyle (Standardize docstrings with ruff pydocstyle rules #3881)