Add STM32 HAL FAST_PWM feature

[victorrar]

Description

Add a fast_pwm feature to the STM32 HAL. Ported from STM32F1

Benefits

Fast_pwm for generic STM32

Configurations

Any with FAST_PWM enabled

Related PR

#19952

P.S.

Seems like the currently active task is timers organization. I've found, that TimerConfig timerConfig[NUM_HARDWARE_TIMERS]; is currently storing only "used" timers: stepper and temperature and #define NUM_HARDWARE_TIMERS 2. So, maybe better to reserve space for all available hardware timers and don't define extra timer's indexes
#ifndef STEP_TIMER_NUM
#define STEP_TIMER_NUM 0 // Timer Index for Stepper

#ifndef STEP_TIMER
#define STEP_TIMER MCU_STEP_TIMER

#define MCU_STEP_TIMER 4

(suggest to replace STEP_TIMER_NUM by STEP_TIMER)

P.S.S

Firstly, I wanted to create that array for tracking timers but was found the pwm_start function, that uses the framework's implicit array for that purpose. But for maintaining the highest level of abstraction and usage that function in set_pwm_duty we need to somewhere store desired frequencies. So. I have a dilemma: duplicate data (save another explicit HardwareTimer objects or have an array of frequencies) or duplicate the framework functionality (start_pwm function almost perfectly fits in set_pwm_frequency function with its timer storage and checks.

[thisiskeithb]

I just tested this on a BigTreeTech BTT002 (aftermarket 32-bit Prusa MK3S board) which is an STM32F4 board using the STM32 HAL and enabling FAST_PWM_FAN causes the part cooling fan run at 100%.

Just to make sure it wasn't a stuck mosfet, I re-flashed with FAN_SOFT_PWM enabled and the part cooling fan works as it should.

Edit: Issue opened #20028