libutil: guard Finally against invalid exception throws

throwing exceptions is fine, but throwing exceptions during exception
handling is hard enough to do correctly that we should just forbid it
entirely out of an overabundance of caution. in cases where terminate
is the correct answer the users of Finally must call it manually now.

Source: https://git.lix.systems/lix-project/lix/commit/6c777476c9e97abfc5232f0707985caf6df2baea

src/libutil/finally.hh

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 ///@file
 
 #include <utility>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <exception>
 
 /**
  * A trivial class to run a function at the end of a scope.
@@ -21,5 +23,25 @@ public:
     Finally(Finally &&other) : fun(std::move(other.fun)) {
         other.movedFrom = true;
     }
-    ~Finally() { if (!movedFrom) fun(); }
+    ~Finally() noexcept(false)
+    {
+        try {
+            if (!movedFrom)
+                fun();
+        } catch (...) {
+            // finally may only throw an exception if exception handling is not already
+            // in progress. if handling *is* in progress we have to return cleanly here
+            // but are still prohibited from doing so since eating the exception would,
+            // in almost all cases, mess up error handling even more. the only good way
+            // to handle this is to abort entirely and leave a message, so we'll assert
+            // (and rethrow anyway, just as a defense against possible NASSERT builds.)
+            if (std::uncaught_exceptions()) {
+                assert(false &&
+                    "Finally function threw an exception during exception handling. "
+                    "this is not what you want, please use some other methods (like "
+                    "std::promise or async) instead.");
+            }
+            throw;
+        }
+    }
 };