See:
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J. M. Siskind and B. A. Pearlmutter, Binomial checkpointing for arbitrary programs with no user annotation, arXiv:1611.03410, 2016, extended abstract presented at the AD 2016 Conference, Oxford UK.
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arXiv:1708.06799
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J. M. Siskind and B. A. Pearlmutter. Divide-and-conquer checkpointing for arbitrary programs with no user annotation. Optimization Methods and Software 33(04-06):1288-1330, 2018. doi:10.1080/10556788.2018.1459621