Add support for large number of items and large number of segments to `device_segmented_sort.cuh`

[elstehle]

• Improve DeviceSegmentedSort test run time for large number of items and large number of segments #3222
• Fix compilation failure for benchmarks instantiated with large number of items (PR Expands support for more offset types in segmented benchmark #3231)
• Fix failing tests for large number of segments
• Remove guards that disable tests for large number of items
• Add support for large number of segments
• Evaluate performance for large number of items
• Evaluate performance for large number of segments