Add AccessManager guide (#4691) (#4724)

Co-authored-by: Hadrien Croubois <hadrien.croubois@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Eric Lau <ericglau@outlook.com>
Co-authored-by: Zack Reneau-Wedeen <z.reneau.wedeen@gmail.com>

contracts/mocks/docs/access-control/AccessControlERC20MintBase.sol

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
+
+import {AccessControl} from "../../../access/AccessControl.sol";
+import {ERC20} from "../../../token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
+
+contract AccessControlERC20MintBase is ERC20, AccessControl {
+    // Create a new role identifier for the minter role
+    bytes32 public constant MINTER_ROLE = keccak256("MINTER_ROLE");
+
+    error CallerNotMinter(address caller);
+
+    constructor(address minter) ERC20("MyToken", "TKN") {
+        // Grant the minter role to a specified account
+        _grantRole(MINTER_ROLE, minter);
+    }
+
+    function mint(address to, uint256 amount) public {
+        // Check that the calling account has the minter role
+        if (!hasRole(MINTER_ROLE, msg.sender)) {
+            revert CallerNotMinter(msg.sender);
+        }
+        _mint(to, amount);
+    }
+}

contracts/mocks/docs/access-control/AccessControlERC20MintMissing.sol

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
+
+import {AccessControl} from "../../../access/AccessControl.sol";
+import {ERC20} from "../../../token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
+
+contract AccessControlERC20MintMissing is ERC20, AccessControl {
+    bytes32 public constant MINTER_ROLE = keccak256("MINTER_ROLE");
+    bytes32 public constant BURNER_ROLE = keccak256("BURNER_ROLE");
+
+    constructor() ERC20("MyToken", "TKN") {
+        // Grant the contract deployer the default admin role: it will be able
+        // to grant and revoke any roles
+        _grantRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, msg.sender);
+    }
+
+    function mint(address to, uint256 amount) public onlyRole(MINTER_ROLE) {
+        _mint(to, amount);
+    }
+
+    function burn(address from, uint256 amount) public onlyRole(BURNER_ROLE) {
+        _burn(from, amount);
+    }
+}

contracts/mocks/docs/access-control/AccessControlERC20MintOnlyRole.sol

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
+
+import {AccessControl} from "../../../access/AccessControl.sol";
+import {ERC20} from "../../../token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
+
+contract AccessControlERC20Mint is ERC20, AccessControl {
+    bytes32 public constant MINTER_ROLE = keccak256("MINTER_ROLE");
+    bytes32 public constant BURNER_ROLE = keccak256("BURNER_ROLE");
+
+    constructor(address minter, address burner) ERC20("MyToken", "TKN") {
+        _grantRole(MINTER_ROLE, minter);
+        _grantRole(BURNER_ROLE, burner);
+    }
+
+    function mint(address to, uint256 amount) public onlyRole(MINTER_ROLE) {
+        _mint(to, amount);
+    }
+
+    function burn(address from, uint256 amount) public onlyRole(BURNER_ROLE) {
+        _burn(from, amount);
+    }
+}

contracts/mocks/docs/access-control/AccessManagedERC20MintBase.sol

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
+
+import {AccessManaged} from "../../../access/manager/AccessManaged.sol";
+import {ERC20} from "../../../token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
+
+contract AccessManagedERC20Mint is ERC20, AccessManaged {
+    constructor(address manager) ERC20("MyToken", "TKN") AccessManaged(manager) {}
+
+    // Minting is restricted according to the manager rules for this function.
+    // The function is identified by its selector: 0x40c10f19.
+    // Calculated with bytes4(keccak256('mint(address,uint256)'))
+    function mint(address to, uint256 amount) public restricted {
+        _mint(to, amount);
+    }
+}

contracts/mocks/docs/MyContractOwnable.sol → contracts/mocks/docs/access-control/MyContractOwnable.sol

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
 
-import {Ownable} from "../../access/Ownable.sol";
+import {Ownable} from "../../../access/Ownable.sol";
 
 contract MyContract is Ownable {
     constructor(address initialOwner) Ownable(initialOwner) {}