[syntax-error] Fix a crash when the line and column can't be retrieved

Closes pylint-dev#3860

pylint/lint/pylinter.py

@@ -692,11 +692,9 @@ def _check_files(
                     )
                     msg = get_fatal_error_message(file.filepath, template_path)
                     if isinstance(ex, AstroidError):
-                        symbol = "astroid-error"
-                        self.add_message(symbol, args=(file.filepath, msg))
+                        self.add_message("astroid-error", args=(file.filepath, msg))
                     else:
-                        symbol = "fatal"
-                        self.add_message(symbol, args=msg)
+                        self.add_message("fatal", args=msg)
 
     def _check_file(
         self,
@@ -914,12 +912,12 @@ def get_ast(
                 data, modname, filepath
             )
         except astroid.AstroidSyntaxError as ex:
-            # pylint: disable=no-member
+            error, line, col = getattr(ex, "error", None), 0, 0
+            if error:
+                line = error.lineno or 0
+                col = error.offset or 0
             self.add_message(
-                "syntax-error",
-                line=getattr(ex.error, "lineno", 0),
-                col_offset=getattr(ex.error, "offset", None),
-                args=str(ex.error),
+                "syntax-error", line=line, col_offset=col, args=ex, confidence=HIGH
             )
         except astroid.AstroidBuildingError as ex:
             self.add_message("parse-error", args=ex)

tests/functional/r/regression_02/regression_3860.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# encoding=UTF-9 # [syntax-error]

tests/functional/r/regression_02/regression_3860.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+syntax-error:1:0:None:None::"Python 3 encoding specification error or unknown encoding:
+unknown encoding for '/home/pierre/pylint/tests/functional/r/regression_02/regression_3860.py': UTF-9":HIGH

tests/functional/s/syntax/syntax_error.txt

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-syntax-error:1:10:None:None::invalid syntax (<unknown>, line 1):UNDEFINED
+syntax-error:1:10:None:None::"Parsing Python code failed:
+invalid syntax (<unknown>, line 1)":HIGH

tests/test_self.py

@@ -585,7 +585,8 @@ def foobar(arg):
     def test_stdin_syntaxerror(self) -> None:
         expected_output = (
             "************* Module a\n"
-            "a.py:1:4: E0001: invalid syntax (<unknown>, line 1) (syntax-error)"
+            "a.py:1:4: E0001: Parsing Python code failed:\n"
+            "invalid syntax (<unknown>, line 1) (syntax-error)"
         )
 
         with mock.patch(