support Bound for classmethod and pass_module (#3831)

* support `Bound` for `classmethod` and `pass_module`

* `from_ref_to_ptr` -> `ref_from_ptr`

* add detailed docs to `ref_from_ptr`

guide/src/class.md

@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ This is the equivalent of the Python decorator `@classmethod`.
 #[pymethods]
 impl MyClass {
     #[classmethod]
-    fn cls_method(cls: &PyType) -> PyResult<i32> {
+    fn cls_method(cls: &Bound<'_, PyType>) -> PyResult<i32> {
         Ok(10)
     }
 }
@@ -719,10 +719,10 @@ To create a constructor which takes a positional class argument, you can combine
 impl BaseClass {
     #[new]
     #[classmethod]
-    fn py_new<'p>(cls: &'p PyType, py: Python<'p>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+    fn py_new(cls: &Bound<'_, PyType>) -> PyResult<Self> {
         // Get an abstract attribute (presumably) declared on a subclass of this class.
-        let subclass_attr = cls.getattr("a_class_attr")?;
-        Ok(Self(subclass_attr.to_object(py)))
+        let subclass_attr: Bound<'_, PyAny> = cls.getattr("a_class_attr")?;
+        Ok(Self(subclass_attr.unbind()))
     }
 }
 ```
@@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ impl MyClass {
     // similarly for classmethod arguments, use $cls
     #[classmethod]
     #[pyo3(text_signature = "($cls, e, f)")]
-    fn my_class_method(cls: &PyType, e: i32, f: i32) -> i32 {
+    fn my_class_method(cls: &Bound<'_, PyType>, e: i32, f: i32) -> i32 {
         e + f
     }
     #[staticmethod]

guide/src/function.md

@@ -83,10 +83,11 @@ The `#[pyo3]` attribute can be used to modify properties of the generated Python
 
     ```rust
     use pyo3::prelude::*;
+    use pyo3::types::PyString;
 
     #[pyfunction]
     #[pyo3(pass_module)]
-    fn pyfunction_with_module(module: &PyModule) -> PyResult<&str> {
+    fn pyfunction_with_module<'py>(module: &Bound<'py, PyModule>) -> PyResult<Bound<'py, PyString>> {
         module.name()
     }
 

pyo3-macros-backend/src/method.rs

@@ -127,13 +127,21 @@ impl FnType {
                 let slf: Ident = syn::Ident::new("_slf", Span::call_site());
                 quote_spanned! { *span =>
                     #[allow(clippy::useless_conversion)]
-                    ::std::convert::Into::into(_pyo3::types::PyType::from_type_ptr(#py, #slf.cast())),
+                    ::std::convert::Into::into(
+                        _pyo3::impl_::pymethods::BoundRef::ref_from_ptr(#py, &#slf.cast())
+                            .downcast_unchecked::<_pyo3::types::PyType>()
+                    ),
                 }
             }
             FnType::FnModule(span) => {
+                let py = syn::Ident::new("py", Span::call_site());
+                let slf: Ident = syn::Ident::new("_slf", Span::call_site());
                 quote_spanned! { *span =>
                     #[allow(clippy::useless_conversion)]
-                    ::std::convert::Into::into(py.from_borrowed_ptr::<_pyo3::types::PyModule>(_slf)),
+                    ::std::convert::Into::into(
+                        _pyo3::impl_::pymethods::BoundRef::ref_from_ptr(#py, &#slf.cast())
+                            .downcast_unchecked::<_pyo3::types::PyModule>()
+                    ),
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -409,7 +417,7 @@ impl<'a> FnSpec<'a> {
                     // will error on incorrect type.
                     Some(syn::FnArg::Typed(first_arg)) => first_arg.ty.span(),
                     Some(syn::FnArg::Receiver(_)) | None => bail_spanned!(
-                        sig.paren_token.span.join() => "Expected `&PyType` or `Py<PyType>` as the first argument to `#[classmethod]`"
+                        sig.paren_token.span.join() => "Expected `&Bound<PyType>` or `Py<PyType>` as the first argument to `#[classmethod]`"
                     ),
                 };
                 FnType::FnClass(span)

pytests/src/pyclasses.rs

@@ -44,6 +44,25 @@ struct AssertingBaseClass;
 
 #[pymethods]
 impl AssertingBaseClass {
+    #[new]
+    #[classmethod]
+    fn new(cls: &Bound<'_, PyType>, expected_type: Bound<'_, PyType>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        if !cls.is(&expected_type) {
+            return Err(PyValueError::new_err(format!(
+                "{:?} != {:?}",
+                cls, expected_type
+            )));
+        }
+        Ok(Self)
+    }
+}
+
+#[pyclass(subclass)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+struct AssertingBaseClassGilRef;
+
+#[pymethods]
+impl AssertingBaseClassGilRef {
     #[new]
     #[classmethod]
     fn new(cls: &PyType, expected_type: &PyType) -> PyResult<Self> {
@@ -65,6 +84,7 @@ pub fn pyclasses(_py: Python<'_>, m: &PyModule) -> PyResult<()> {
     m.add_class::<EmptyClass>()?;
     m.add_class::<PyClassIter>()?;
     m.add_class::<AssertingBaseClass>()?;
+    m.add_class::<AssertingBaseClassGilRef>()?;
     m.add_class::<ClassWithoutConstructor>()?;
     Ok(())
 }

pytests/tests/test_pyclasses.py

@@ -41,6 +41,17 @@ def test_new_classmethod():
         _ = AssertingSubClass(expected_type=str)
 
 
+def test_new_classmethod_gil_ref():
+    class AssertingSubClass(pyclasses.AssertingBaseClassGilRef):
+        pass
+
+    # The `AssertingBaseClass` constructor errors if it is not passed the
+    # relevant subclass.
+    _ = AssertingSubClass(expected_type=AssertingSubClass)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        _ = AssertingSubClass(expected_type=str)
+
+
 class ClassWithoutConstructorPy:
     def __new__(cls):
         raise TypeError("No constructor defined")

src/impl_/pymethods.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@ use crate::exceptions::PyStopAsyncIteration;
 use crate::gil::LockGIL;
 use crate::impl_::panic::PanicTrap;
 use crate::internal_tricks::extract_c_string;
+use crate::types::{any::PyAnyMethods, PyModule, PyType};
 use crate::{
-    ffi, PyAny, PyCell, PyClass, PyErr, PyObject, PyResult, PyTraverseError, PyVisit, Python,
+    ffi, Bound, Py, PyAny, PyCell, PyClass, PyErr, PyObject, PyResult, PyTraverseError, PyVisit,
+    Python,
 };
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::ffi::CStr;
@@ -466,3 +468,52 @@ pub trait AsyncIterResultOptionKind {
 }
 
 impl<Value, Error> AsyncIterResultOptionKind for Result<Option<Value>, Error> {}
+
+/// Used in `#[classmethod]` to pass the class object to the method
+/// and also in `#[pyfunction(pass_module)]`.
+///
+/// This is a wrapper to avoid implementing `From<Bound>` for GIL Refs.
+///
+/// Once the GIL Ref API is fully removed, it should be possible to simplify
+/// this to just `&'a Bound<'py, T>` and `From` implementations.
+pub struct BoundRef<'a, 'py, T>(pub &'a Bound<'py, T>);
+
+impl<'a, 'py> BoundRef<'a, 'py, PyAny> {
+    pub unsafe fn ref_from_ptr(py: Python<'py>, ptr: &'a *mut ffi::PyObject) -> Self {
+        BoundRef(Bound::ref_from_ptr(py, ptr))
+    }
+
+    pub unsafe fn downcast_unchecked<T>(self) -> BoundRef<'a, 'py, T> {
+        BoundRef(self.0.downcast_unchecked::<T>())
+    }
+}
+
+// GIL Ref implementations for &'a T ran into trouble with orphan rules,
+// so explicit implementations are used instead for the two relevant types.
+impl<'a> From<BoundRef<'a, 'a, PyType>> for &'a PyType {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(bound: BoundRef<'a, 'a, PyType>) -> Self {
+        bound.0.as_gil_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<BoundRef<'a, 'a, PyModule>> for &'a PyModule {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(bound: BoundRef<'a, 'a, PyModule>) -> Self {
+        bound.0.as_gil_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'py, T> From<BoundRef<'a, 'py, T>> for &'a Bound<'py, T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(bound: BoundRef<'a, 'py, T>) -> Self {
+        bound.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> From<BoundRef<'_, '_, T>> for Py<T> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(bound: BoundRef<'_, '_, T>) -> Self {
+        bound.0.clone().unbind()
+    }
+}

src/instance.rs

@@ -138,6 +138,24 @@ impl<'py> Bound<'py, PyAny> {
     ) -> PyResult<Self> {
         Py::from_owned_ptr_or_err(py, ptr).map(|obj| Self(py, ManuallyDrop::new(obj)))
     }
+
+    /// This slightly strange method is used to obtain `&Bound<PyAny>` from a pointer in macro code
+    /// where we need to constrain the lifetime `'a` safely.
+    ///
+    /// Note that `'py` is required to outlive `'a` implicitly by the nature of the fact that
+    /// `&'a Bound<'py>` means that `Bound<'py>` exists for at least the lifetime `'a`.
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    /// - `ptr` must be a valid pointer to a Python object for the lifetime `'a`. The `ptr` can
+    ///   be either a borrowed reference or an owned reference, it does not matter, as this is
+    ///   just `&Bound` there will never be any ownership transfer.
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) unsafe fn ref_from_ptr<'a>(
+        _py: Python<'py>,
+        ptr: &'a *mut ffi::PyObject,
+    ) -> &'a Self {
+        &*(ptr as *const *mut ffi::PyObject).cast::<Bound<'py, PyAny>>()
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'py, T> Bound<'py, T>

src/tests/hygiene/pymethods.rs

@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ impl Dummy {
     #[staticmethod]
     fn staticmethod() {}
     #[classmethod]
-    fn clsmethod(_: &crate::types::PyType) {}
+    fn clsmethod(_: &crate::Bound<'_, crate::types::PyType>) {}
     #[pyo3(signature = (*_args, **_kwds))]
     fn __call__(
         &self,
@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ impl Dummy {
     #[staticmethod]
     fn staticmethod() {}
     #[classmethod]
-    fn clsmethod(_: &crate::types::PyType) {}
+    fn clsmethod(_: &crate::Bound<'_, crate::types::PyType>) {}
     #[pyo3(signature = (*_args, **_kwds))]
     fn __call__(
         &self,

tests/test_class_basics.rs

@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ fn panic_unsendable_child() {
     test_unsendable::<UnsendableChild>().unwrap();
 }
 
-fn get_length(obj: &PyAny) -> PyResult<usize> {
+fn get_length(obj: &Bound<'_, PyAny>) -> PyResult<usize> {
     let length = obj.len()?;
 
     Ok(length)
@@ -299,7 +299,18 @@ impl ClassWithFromPyWithMethods {
         argument
     }
     #[classmethod]
-    fn classmethod(_cls: &PyType, #[pyo3(from_py_with = "PyAny::len")] argument: usize) -> usize {
+    fn classmethod(
+        _cls: &Bound<'_, PyType>,
+        #[pyo3(from_py_with = "Bound::<'_, PyAny>::len")] argument: usize,
+    ) -> usize {
+        argument
+    }
+
+    #[classmethod]
+    fn classmethod_gil_ref(
+        _cls: &PyType,
+        #[pyo3(from_py_with = "PyAny::len")] argument: usize,
+    ) -> usize {
         argument
     }
 
@@ -322,6 +333,7 @@ fn test_pymethods_from_py_with() {
 
         assert instance.instance_method(arg) == 2
         assert instance.classmethod(arg) == 2
+        assert instance.classmethod_gil_ref(arg) == 2
         assert instance.staticmethod(arg) == 2
         "#
         );

tests/test_methods.rs

@@ -73,7 +73,13 @@ impl ClassMethod {
 
     #[classmethod]
     /// Test class method.
-    fn method(cls: &PyType) -> PyResult<String> {
+    fn method(cls: &Bound<'_, PyType>) -> PyResult<String> {
+        Ok(format!("{}.method()!", cls.as_gil_ref().qualname()?))
+    }
+
+    #[classmethod]
+    /// Test class method.
+    fn method_gil_ref(cls: &PyType) -> PyResult<String> {
         Ok(format!("{}.method()!", cls.qualname()?))
     }
 
@@ -108,8 +114,12 @@ struct ClassMethodWithArgs {}
 #[pymethods]
 impl ClassMethodWithArgs {
     #[classmethod]
-    fn method(cls: &PyType, input: &PyString) -> PyResult<String> {
-        Ok(format!("{}.method({})", cls.qualname()?, input))
+    fn method(cls: &Bound<'_, PyType>, input: &PyString) -> PyResult<String> {
+        Ok(format!(
+            "{}.method({})",
+            cls.as_gil_ref().qualname()?,
+            input
+        ))
     }
 }
 
@@ -915,7 +925,7 @@ impl r#RawIdents {
     }
 
     #[classmethod]
-    pub fn r#class_method(_: &PyType, r#type: PyObject) -> PyObject {
+    pub fn r#class_method(_: &Bound<'_, PyType>, r#type: PyObject) -> PyObject {
         r#type
     }
 
@@ -1082,7 +1092,7 @@ issue_1506!(
 
         #[classmethod]
         fn issue_1506_class(
-            _cls: &PyType,
+            _cls: &Bound<'_, PyType>,
             _py: Python<'_>,
             _arg: &PyAny,
             _args: &PyTuple,