Update central heating temperatures based on Euroheat data and AGFW-Hauptbericht

[amos-schledorn]

Currently, central heating forward and return temperatures are guesstimates. This PR applies data on typical forward temperatures from Euroheat's 2024 Market Outlook. Minimum forward temperatures and return temperatures are extrapolated based on German data from AGFW-Hauptebericht 2022.
The data itself is a config setting and exchangeable; the extrapolation of missing country data is introduced as a feature.

Changes proposed in this Pull Request

• config.default is updated such that Euroheat data is used for country-wise forward temperatures, with the exception of Germany ("up to 130C" in Euroheat data), where data from AGFW-Hauptbericht 2022 is used.
• build_central_heating_profiles.run.py is modified such that:

1. Missing max_forward_temperature values are replaced by average across all other countries and entry default in (countries not present in config.max_forward_temperatures).
2. Missing min_forward_temperature/return_temperature values (by default all but Germany) are extrapolated from average ratio between max_forward_temperature and min_forward_temperature/return_temperature for those countries specified in min_forward_temperature (by default only Germany, from AGFW-Hauptbericht).

Checklist

• I tested my contribution locally and it seems to work fine.
• Code and workflow changes are sufficiently documented.
• Changed dependencies are added to envs/environment.yaml.
• Changes in configuration options are added in all of config.default.yaml.
• Changes in configuration options are also documented in doc/configtables/*.csv.
• A release note doc/release_notes.rst is added.

Testing

This config was used for testing:

scenario:
  clusters:
  - 39
  planning_horizons:
  - 2030

countries: ['AL', 'AT', 'BA', 'BE', 'BG', 'CH', 'CZ', 'DE', 'DK', 'EE', 'ES', 'FI', 'FR', 'GB', 'GR', 'HR', 'HU', 'IE', 'IT', 'LT', 'LU', 'LV', 'ME', 'MK', 'NL', 'NO', 'PL', 'PT', 'RO', 'RS', 'SE', 'SI', 'SK', 'XK']

clustering:
  temporal:
    resolution_sector: 12h

The new supply temperatures are (for those countries in config):

Country	Max Forward Temperature	Min Forward Temperature	Return Temperature
FR	110.00	82.75	58.53
DK	75.00	56.42	39.91
DE	109.00	82.00	58.00
CZ	130.00	97.80	69.17
FI	115.00	86.51	61.19
PL	130.00	97.80	69.17
SE	102.00	76.73	54.28
IT	90.00	67.71	47.89

For all countries:

Urban central heat mix before:

Urban central heat mix after:

Note

Bacteria growth might be a problem for low return temperatures, such as for Denmark. However, the DEA technology catalogue for district heating mentions low return temperatures (~35C) in several places - simply search for "return" in the PDF.
I would suggest not setting a floor value for now but confirming this with experts in the future.

[fneum]

Code-wise, this looks good to me. Results look plausible. Not merging as it is in draft mode.

The reason the tests fail is because ValueError: t_hot must be greater than t_cold, which needs to be captured but is probably a small fix.

Merge at will once tests pass.

[cpschau]

Looks good @amos-schledorn! Do you already have an idea what's causing the error thrown in the CI?

[amos-schledorn]

Thanks for the review, @fneum, @cpschau . The failing CI came from a small bug in the helper function for extrapolation. I've added an exception to catch this in the future.