Fix NumPy 2.0 compatibility: Replace deprecated np.asfarray with np.asarray

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This PR fixes a NumPy 2.0 compatibility issue in the AMSS lectures where np.asfarray was removed in NumPy 2.0.

Problem

The code in lectures/_static/lecture_specific/amss2/recursive_allocation.py uses np.asfarray() which was deprecated and removed in NumPy 2.0. This causes the following error when running the amss2 and amss3 lectures with NumPy 2.0+:

AttributeError: `np.asfarray` was removed in the NumPy 2.0 release. Use `np.asarray` with a proper dtype instead.

Both amss2 and amss3 lectures are affected since they use the same RecursiveAllocationAMSS class.

Solution

Replaced the deprecated np.asfarray(x) with the functionally equivalent np.asarray(x, dtype=float) on line 233 of the recursive_allocation.py file.

Before:

x0 = np.asfarray(x)

After:

x0 = np.asarray(x, dtype=float)

Testing

• ✅ Verified both methods produce identical results with NumPy 1.26.4
• ✅ Confirmed compatibility with NumPy 2.0+ (simulated environment)
• ✅ Tested the specific numerical gradient computation pattern
• ✅ Verified file compiles without errors
• ✅ Confirmed no other instances of np.asfarray exist in the codebase

This is a minimal, surgical fix that maintains exact functional equivalence while ensuring forward compatibility with NumPy 2.0+.

Fixes #224.

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