Initial implementation of IEEE 802.15.4 security #15150

fabian18 · 2020-10-03T08:45:13Z

Contribution description

This PR aims to integrate initial IEEE 802.15.4 security support for RIOT.
The implementation waives to use a proper key store to mitigate complexity. Instead it always uses the key that has been set via
NETOPT_ENCRYPTION_KEY. So in terms of specification, the key is always implicitly known (IEEE802154_SCF_KEYMODE_IMPLICIT).
This is what I have been using as a reference.

Testing procedure

You can test the implementation with examples/gnrc_networking, if you add USEMODULE += ieee802154_security and try ping6. It is supposed to work with any 802.15.4 radio. If you have an at86rf2xx with SPI, you can additionally add USEMODULE += at86rf2xx_aes_spi, if you want to utilize the transceiver´s hardware crypto module.
I tested the implementation on two nucleo-f767zi with an at86rf233.

Issues/PRs references

Could be related to #14950

benpicco · 2020-10-03T12:14:08Z

Awesome, thank you!
Want to split out 5c2a1eb as a separate PR?
While technically an API change, we should be able to merge that quick.

I'll look into the other things soon.

sys/net/gnrc/netif/ieee802154/gnrc_netif_ieee802154.c

jia200x · 2020-10-05T08:58:46Z

I think code-wise makes a lot of sense. My only concern is the dependency from sys/ieee802154 to netdev, specially since we are currently migrating to the Radio HAL.
But I think integrating it to netdev would work for applications that still rely on that.

Also, do you think it could make sense to (optionally) expand the radio_ops of the Radio HAL to expose the primitives to use the internal crypto accelerator?
I think in the long run would be nice to have a separated crypto structure, but in the short run we could live with this in the radio descriptor.

what do you think?

fabian18 · 2020-10-05T09:10:36Z

Want to split out 5c2a1eb as a separate PR?

Did this real quick

fabian18 · 2020-10-05T09:40:20Z

Also, do you think it could make sense to (optionally) expand the radio_ops of the Radio HAL to expose the primitives to use the internal crypto accelerator?

That´s the hard question. I could try to add these and see what comes out. Or do you want to add the CAP´s ?

jia200x · 2020-10-05T09:43:11Z

I could try to add these and see what comes out.

That could be nice!

jia200x · 2020-10-05T10:05:01Z

btw, I think this could work already out of the box using netdev_ieee802154_submac! Since it depends on netdev_ieee802154.

That means, CC2420 and nrf802154 can be used with full CSMA-CA and retransmissions + security

benpicco · 2020-10-05T10:10:16Z

Also, do you think it could make sense to (optionally) expand the radio_ops of the Radio HAL to expose the primitives to use the internal crypto accelerator?

That´s the hard question. I could try to add these and see what comes out. Or do you want to add the CAP´s ?

I mean ideally we would have a general crypto API that is either backed by a hardware or a software implementation depending on the platform. But that is for another endeavor.

I like your idea that the radio driver can 'catch' those netops, so if the radio can handle crypto itself we already get this abstraction for free.

fabian18 · 2020-10-05T12:30:51Z

btw, I think this could work already out of the box using netdev_ieee802154_submac! Since it depends on netdev_ieee802154.

So as a first step, I should move my ieee802154_sec_context_t from netdev_ieee802154_t to netdev_ieee802154_submac_t?

jia200x · 2020-10-05T12:34:19Z

So as a first step, I should move my ieee802154_sec_context_t from netdev_ieee802154_t to netdev_ieee802154_submac_t?

It shouldn't be necessary, since netdev_ieee802154_submac_t already depends on netdev_ieee802154_t and most IEEE 802.15.4 drivers depends on netdev_ieee802154_t (but not netdev_ieee802154_submac_t). At the moment we remove netdev from the IEEE 802.15.4 drivers we can decide where to allocate that context (I would say the SubMAC is an option)

benpicco · 2020-10-18T21:07:45Z

Sorry for the long radio silence, I tried to do some interoperability testing, but wasn't very successful on that end.

for Linux I followed this guide using the nl802154_llsec branch of wpan-tools and made sure to enable the IEEE802154_NL802154_EXPERIMENTAL option in the kernel config. I would however only get a netlink: 'iwpan': attribute type 1 has an invalid length. when trying to configure the encryption key 😞
for Zephyr I flashed samples/net/sockets/echo_server with the NET_L2_IEEE802154_SECURITY option enabled onto a nrf52840dk_nrf52840. I also set CONFIG_NET_L2_IEEE802154_SECURITY_CRYPTO_DEV_NAME to CRYPTO_TC and enabled TinyCrypt since the driver for the nRF build-in crypto hardware was not supporting asyc operations which apparently the MAC layer needs.
With that I got no run-time errors, but still no encrypted traffic 😕

Anyway so with a samr21-xpro this is sending encrypted packets just fine.
I tried on an openmote-b with netdev_ieee802154_submac and cc2538_rf but that would not get me any encrypted traffic. It wouldn't decode the packets from samr21-xpro either.

avr-rss2 also has an at862xx radio, but the memory mapped variant that's not supported by the aes_spi driver just yet - it would still encrypt and decrypt packets.

The at86rf233 radio attached to an esp32 also worked fine with encryption.

I also noticed nodes can still receive unencrypted frames - that'll be convenient if we want to do some Diffie-Hellman key exchange and have per-node keys 😀

benpicco

Please squash & rebase before addressing the review comments.

sys/net/link_layer/ieee802154/security.c

benpicco

A so this is only hooked up to the at86rf2xx driver so far, but it could be hooked up the the sub-MAC and then catch all drivers that implement the radio HAL? (That would be for a later PR)

I'm happy with starting at a basic but solid foundation so we can get results, and make it more practical going forward, so a hard-coded key for all nodes and just supporting a single driver is fine.

But those encrypt and decrypt routines are a bit scary - manipulating buffers with long lists of offsets… if there is a bug in there I wouldn't want to search it.
Those mathematical variable names need explanations, otherwise they are just cryptic.

sys/include/net/ieee802154_security.h

sys/net/link_layer/ieee802154/security.c

sys/include/net/ieee802154_security.h

sys/net/link_layer/ieee802154/security.c

maribu

Before I again forget to submit my review, here is at least the chunk I looked at so far.

drivers/at86rf2xx/at86rf2xx.c

drivers/netdev/ieee802154.c

sys/Makefile.dep

sys/include/net/ieee802154_security.h

benpicco · 2020-12-03T19:31:21Z

tests/ieee802154_security will need a Makefile.ci

tests/ieee802154_security/Makefile.ci

tests/ieee802154_security/Makefile

sys/net/link_layer/ieee802154/security.c

benpicco · 2020-12-06T22:20:25Z

@miri64 have your comments been addressed?

benpicco · 2020-12-08T15:34:57Z

sys/net/link_layer/ieee802154/security.c

+ uint32_t frame_counter = byteorder_ntohl(
+ byteorder_ltobl((le_uint32_t){aux->fc}));


Suggested change

uint32_t frame_counter = byteorder_ntohl(

byteorder_ltobl((le_uint32_t){aux->fc}));

uint32_t frame_counter = byteorder_ltohl((le_uint32_t){aux->fc});

should also work now.

benpicco · 2020-12-08T15:37:33Z

sys/net/link_layer/ieee802154/security.c

+ ahr->scf = _scf(ctx->security_level, ctx->key_id_mode);
+ /* If you look in the specification: Annex C,
+ integers values are in little endian */
+ ahr->fc = byteorder_btoll(byteorder_htonl(ctx->frame_counter)).u32;


Suggested change

ahr->fc = byteorder_btoll(byteorder_htonl(ctx->frame_counter)).u32;

ahr->fc = byteorder_htoll(ctx->frame_counter).u32;

feel free to squash directly

My comments were addressed

re-ACK to re-trigger CI

maribu · 2020-12-09T14:24:46Z

🎉 Good to have this in :-)

fabian18 · 2020-12-09T20:12:27Z

Hurray 🎊. Thank you @benpicco and @miri64

jia200x · 2020-12-10T10:02:42Z

congratz! One stop closer to the full MAC layer :)

fabian18 requested review from cgundogan, daniel-k, haukepetersen, jia200x, miri64, PeterKietzmann and smlng as code owners October 3, 2020 08:45

fabian18 mentioned this pull request Oct 3, 2020

ieee802154_submac: add initial support for common MAC sub layer #14950

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benpicco added Area: network Area: Networking Area: security Area: Security-related libraries and subsystems Type: new feature The issue requests / The PR implemements a new feature for RIOT labels Oct 3, 2020

waehlisch assigned PeterKietzmann Oct 3, 2020

benpicco assigned jia200x and benpicco Oct 3, 2020

jia200x reviewed Oct 5, 2020

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sys/net/gnrc/netif/ieee802154/gnrc_netif_ieee802154.c Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved

fabian18 mentioned this pull request Oct 5, 2020

Add const to ciphers #15156

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maribu self-requested a review October 6, 2020 08:20

benpicco reviewed Oct 18, 2020

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fabian18 force-pushed the ieee802154_security branch from 68fcc85 to 349c24c Compare December 3, 2020 19:11

fabian18 force-pushed the ieee802154_security branch from 349c24c to 3007905 Compare December 3, 2020 19:54

benpicco reviewed Dec 3, 2020

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fabian18 force-pushed the ieee802154_security branch from 3007905 to 233c3f6 Compare December 4, 2020 08:18

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fabian18 added 6 commits December 4, 2020 09:40

sys: Add IEEE 802.15.4 security

dc16c14

drivers/netdev: Add IEEE 802.15.4 security

1b5bcec

drivers/at86rf2xx: Use hardware security for IEEE 802.15.4 security

f074e8a

sys/include/net/ieee802154: Add sec ops to radio HAL

6123e87

sys/net/gnrc/netif/init_devs: IEEE802154_STACKSIZE_DEFAULT

7b5391b

tests/ieee802154_security: dummy test for CI process

9c45cf1

fabian18 force-pushed the ieee802154_security branch from 233c3f6 to 9c45cf1 Compare December 4, 2020 08:42

benpicco reviewed Dec 8, 2020

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benpicco added Area: CI Area: Continuous Integration of RIOT components and removed Area: CI Area: Continuous Integration of RIOT components labels Dec 9, 2020

benpicco approved these changes Dec 9, 2020

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benpicco merged commit 1477a34 into RIOT-OS:master Dec 9, 2020

benpicco requested a review from jue89 December 9, 2020 22:49

leandrolanzieri mentioned this pull request Feb 2, 2021

net/ieee802154_security: remove radio hal dependency and cleanup #15909

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leandrolanzieri mentioned this pull request May 5, 2021

sys/crypto: Enable support for AES-192, AES-256 #16183

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chrysn mentioned this pull request Sep 12, 2021

net/ieee802154_security doc: Shape security expectations #16841

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Initial implementation of IEEE 802.15.4 security #15150

Initial implementation of IEEE 802.15.4 security #15150

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jia200x commented Dec 10, 2020

		uint32_t frame_counter = byteorder_ntohl(
		byteorder_ltobl((le_uint32_t){aux->fc}));

	uint32_t frame_counter = byteorder_ntohl(
	byteorder_ltobl((le_uint32_t){aux->fc}));
	uint32_t frame_counter = byteorder_ltohl((le_uint32_t){aux->fc});

	ahr->fc = byteorder_btoll(byteorder_htonl(ctx->frame_counter)).u32;
	ahr->fc = byteorder_htoll(ctx->frame_counter).u32;

Initial implementation of IEEE 802.15.4 security #15150

Initial implementation of IEEE 802.15.4 security #15150

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fabian18 commented Oct 3, 2020

Contribution description

Testing procedure

Issues/PRs references

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