Vulkano

See also vulkano.rs.

Vulkano is a Rust wrapper around the Vulkan graphics API. It follows the Rust philosophy, which is that as long as you don't use unsafe code you shouldn't be able to trigger any undefined behavior. In the case of Vulkan, this means that non-unsafe code should always conform to valid API usage.

What does vulkano do?

• Provides a low-levelish API around Vulkan. It doesn't hide what it does, but provides some comfort types.
• Plans to prevent all invalid API usages, even the most obscure ones. The purpose of Vulkano is not to simply let you draw a teapot, but to cover all possible usages of Vulkan and detect all the possible problems in order to write robust programs. Invalid API usage is prevented thanks to both compile-time checks and runtime checks.
• Can handle synchronization on the GPU side for you (unless you choose do that yourself), as this aspect of Vulkan is both annoying to handle and error-prone. Dependencies between submissions are automatically detected, and semaphores are managed automatically. The behavior of the library can be customized thanks to unsafe trait implementations.
• Tries to be convenient to use. Nobody is going to use a library that requires you to browse the documentation for hours for every single operation.

Comparison

Comparison to other well-known Graphics APIs in Rust ecosystem.

Name	Open-sourced Since	API Level	Notable Features
Vulkano	March, 2016	High-level Rust API wrapping Vulkan APIs.	Type-safe compile-time shaders. Transparent interoperability with glsl and spir-v shader code types in Rust code. Automatically generated types for shader's Layout.
Wgpu	May, 2019	High-level Rust API with multiple backends.	Supports multiple backends: Vulkan, Metal, DirectX, WebGPU, and other. Follows WebGPU specification. With async/await API.
Miniquad	March, 2020	High-level minimalistic Rust API with multiple backends.	Relatively minimalistic API well suited for small to medium graphics projects. Supports multiple backends, including browser target.
Sierra	March, 2021	High-level Rust API for Vulkan/Metal APIs.	Layouts, Descriptors and shader Types construction in Rust code through the macro system. Built on top of Erupt. Supports Ray Tracing Pipeline.
Glium	October, 2014	High-level Rust API wrapping OpenGL	OpenGL only.
Ash	August, 2016	Low-level API for Vulkan.	Unsafe Vulkan API bindings.
Erupt	April, 2020	Low-level API for Vulkan.	Unsafe Vulkan API bindings.

Please note that by the current date non of the known projects in the ecosystem(including Vulkano) reached stable release versions and the final design goals, their APIs are changing from time to time in breakable way too, and there could be bugs and unfinished features too.

However, most of the projects mentioned above are already established definitive structure, all feature breaking changes will likely be straight-forward to fix in user code, and most of them are maintained. As such we can recommend to start using any of them in the 3rd party code. The choice depends on the end project's goals and requirements, and we recommend examining actual set of their features and API capabilities beforehand.

Projects using Vulkano

We started collecting this list just recently, and will be appreciated if you help us by contributing(opening a PR) into README.md.

Project Name	Description
Basalt	GUI framework for Desktop applications
Ferret	Doom-compatible game engine

We would love to help you keep your project in sync with the most recent changes in Vulkano if you give us feedback by adding your project into this list.

Thanks in advance!

Documentation and Resources

To get started you are encouraged to use the following resources:

• The vulkano-examples repository - Includes examples in the repo and also a list of projects that use vulkano.
• docs.rs - Full Vulkano API documentation
• The guide on vulkano.rs - Starts with trivial compute examples (~50 lines of code) then works up to rendering triangles and mandelbrots. The guide is currently outdated a little. We are planning to update it in the future, but it's a good place to start understanding base building blocks of Vulkano API.
• Github Issues - Raise a topic, ask a question or report a bug. The new topics there are watching regularly by maintainers and other community users.
• Gitter Chat - Another place to raise a question. However, the chat is not maintained regularly at this moment. Better use Github Issues for this purpose.

Contributing

Contributions are very welcome! Feel free to submit pull requests, to open questions and topics in the Issues section.

The project was initially developed by Pierre Krieger(Tomaka), who established Vulkano's base design goals, and the code structure. In the meantime development is driven by Vulkano community members.

New Pull Requests are usually scheduled for review by the end of each week. The older PRs that already in review have priority over the new ones. We are trying to push development forward as quick as possible, but the review process sometimes takes time, please be patient as the maintainers need time to check everything properly.

If something needs to get promoted urgently, please ping current Vulkano maintainer(@Eliah-Lakhin) in the PR's or Issue's comments.

If your change adds, removes or modifies a trait or a function, please specify changelog entries in the Pull Request description(not in the changelog file directly). They will be transferred to the changelog right after the PR merge.

Every PR must pass tests in order to be merged to master.

Minor releases are usually happening between 1 to 3 months averagely depending on grow of unreleased and breaking changes in master

Repository Structure

This repository contains four libraries:

• vulkano is the main one.
• vulkano-shaders Provides the shader! macro for compiling glsl shaders.
• vulkano-win provides a safe link between vulkano and the winit library which can create a window to render to.
• vk-sys contains raw bindings for Vulkan. We used these binding previously in Vulkano, but now they are deprecated as we have migrated to Ash. However, the subproject is still in maintenance for legacy purposes, and you can use it even if you don't care about Vulkano.

In order to run tests, run cargo test --all at the root of the repository. Make sure your Vulkan driver is up to date before doing so.

Hall of Fame

We would love to mention some members, who put significant contributions to this project:

• Pierre Krieger. The initial developer. Patreon page.
• Lucas Kent. Maintainer. Patreon page.
• Austin Johnson. Maintainer. Patreon page.
• Rua. An active developer, who put a lot of efforts to improve Vulkano and constantly keeping it up to date.
• You! Thanks to your help, contributions, improvements, bug reports and use experience to make this project one of the major Rust graphics API library in Rust!

Setup and Troubleshooting

Vulkano uses shaderc-rs for shader compilation. Refer to shaderc-rs documentation to provide a pre-built libshaderc for faster build times.

Note that in general vulkano does not require you to install the official Vulkan SDK. This is not something specific to vulkano (you don't need the SDK to write programs that use Vulkan, even without vulkano), but many people are unaware of that and install the SDK thinking that it is required. However, macOS and iOS platforms do require a little more Vulkan setup since it is not natively supported. See below for more details.

Unless you provide libshaderc, in order to build libshaderc with the shaderc-sys crate, the following tools must be installed and available on PATH:

• CMake
• Ninja Is optional except when building with MSVC. It may speed up build time for libshaderc.
• Python (works with both Python 2.x and 3.x, on windows the executable must be named python.exe)

These requirements can be either installed with your favourite package manager or with installers from the projects' websites. Below are some example ways to get setup.

windows-msvc Specific Setup

1. rustup default stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
2. Install Build Tools for Visual Studio 2017. If you have already been using this toolchain then its probably already installed.
3. Install msys2, following ALL of the instructions.
4. Then in the msys2 terminal run: pacman --noconfirm -Syu mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake mingw-w64-x86_64-python2 mingw-w64-x86_64-ninja
5. Add the msys2 mingw64 binary path to the PATH environment variable.

Windows-gnu Specific Setup

windows-gnu toolchain is not supported but you can instead cross-compile to windows-gnu from windows-msvc

Steps 1 and 2 are to workaround rust-lang/rust#49078 by using the same mingw that rust uses.

1. Download and extract https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/rust-lang-ci2/rust-ci-mirror/x86_64-6.3.0-release-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev2.7z
2. Add the absolute path to mingw64\bin to your PATH environment variable. (This path needs to be before the msys2 path)
3. Run the command: rustup default stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc
4. Run the command: rustup target install x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
5. Install Build Tools for Visual Studio 2017. If you have already been using this toolchain then its probably already installed.
6. Install msys2, following ALL of the instructions.
7. Then in the msys2 terminal run: pacman --noconfirm -Syu mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-pkg-config mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake mingw-w64-x86_64-make mingw-w64-x86_64-python2 mingw-w64-x86_64-ninja
8. Add the msys2 mingw64 binary path to the PATH environment variable.
9. Any cargo command that builds the project needs to include --target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu e.g. to run: cargo run --target x86_64-pc-windows-gnu

Linux Specific Setup

Use your package manager to install the required dev-tools and vulkan drivers

For example on ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install build-essential git python cmake libvulkan-dev vulkan-utils

On arch based system

sudo pacman -Sy base-devel git python cmake vulkan-devel --noconfirm

macOS and iOS Specific Setup

Vulkan is not natively supported by macOS and iOS. However, there exists MoltenVK an open-source Vulkan implementation on top of Apple's Metal API. This allows vulkano to build and run on macOS and iOS platforms.

The easiest way to get vulkano up and running with MoltenVK is to install the Vulkan SDK for macOS. There are installation instructions on the LunarG website.

On iOS, vulkano links directly to the MoltenVK framework. There is nothing else to do besides installing it. Note that the Vulkan SDK for macOS also comes with the iOS framework.

License

Licensed under either of

• Apache License, Version 2.0 (LICENSE-APACHE or https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
• MIT license (LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT) at your option.

Contribution

Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the work by you shall be dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.