Make some ruff fixes

audio_filters/iir_filter.py

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def set_coefficients(self, a_coeffs: list[float], b_coeffs: list[float]) -> None
             >>> filt.set_coefficients(a_coeffs, b_coeffs)
         """
         if len(a_coeffs) < self.order:
-            a_coeffs = [1.0] + a_coeffs
+            a_coeffs = [1.0, *a_coeffs]
 
         if len(a_coeffs) != self.order + 1:
             raise ValueError(

backtracking/n_queens_math.py

@@ -129,9 +129,9 @@ def depth_first_search(
 
         # If it is False we call dfs function again and we update the inputs
         depth_first_search(
-            possible_board + [col],
-            diagonal_right_collisions + [row - col],
-            diagonal_left_collisions + [row + col],
+            [*possible_board, col],
+            [*diagonal_right_collisions, row - col],
+            [*diagonal_left_collisions, row + col],
             boards,
             n,
         )

backtracking/sum_of_subsets.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def create_state_space_tree(
             nums,
             max_sum,
             index + 1,
-            path + [nums[index]],
+            [*path, nums[index]],
             result,
             remaining_nums_sum - nums[index],
         )

ciphers/bifid.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def letter_to_numbers(self, letter: str) -> np.ndarray:
         >>> np.array_equal(BifidCipher().letter_to_numbers('u'), [4,5])
         True
         """
-        index1, index2 = np.where(self.SQUARE == letter)
+        index1, index2 = np.where(letter == self.SQUARE)
         indexes = np.concatenate([index1 + 1, index2 + 1])
         return indexes
 

ciphers/diffie_hellman.py

@@ -228,10 +228,10 @@ def generate_public_key(self) -> str:
 
     def is_valid_public_key(self, key: int) -> bool:
         # check if the other public key is valid based on NIST SP800-56
-        if 2 <= key and key <= self.prime - 2:
-            if pow(key, (self.prime - 1) // 2, self.prime) == 1:
-                return True
-        return False
+        return (
+            2 <= key <= self.prime - 2
+            and pow(key, (self.prime - 1) // 2, self.prime) == 1
+        )
 
     def generate_shared_key(self, other_key_str: str) -> str:
         other_key = int(other_key_str, base=16)
@@ -243,10 +243,10 @@ def generate_shared_key(self, other_key_str: str) -> str:
     @staticmethod
     def is_valid_public_key_static(remote_public_key_str: int, prime: int) -> bool:
         # check if the other public key is valid based on NIST SP800-56
-        if 2 <= remote_public_key_str and remote_public_key_str <= prime - 2:
-            if pow(remote_public_key_str, (prime - 1) // 2, prime) == 1:
-                return True
-        return False
+        return (
+            2 <= remote_public_key_str <= prime - 2
+            and pow(remote_public_key_str, (prime - 1) // 2, prime) == 1
+        )
 
     @staticmethod
     def generate_shared_key_static(

ciphers/polybius.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def letter_to_numbers(self, letter: str) -> np.ndarray:
         >>> np.array_equal(PolybiusCipher().letter_to_numbers('u'), [4,5])
         True
         """
-        index1, index2 = np.where(self.SQUARE == letter)
+        index1, index2 = np.where(letter == self.SQUARE)
         indexes = np.concatenate([index1 + 1, index2 + 1])
         return indexes
 

ciphers/xor_cipher.py

@@ -128,11 +128,10 @@ def encrypt_file(self, file: str, key: int = 0) -> bool:
         assert isinstance(file, str) and isinstance(key, int)
 
         try:
-            with open(file) as fin:
-                with open("encrypt.out", "w+") as fout:
-                    # actual encrypt-process
-                    for line in fin:
-                        fout.write(self.encrypt_string(line, key))
+            with open(file) as fin, open("encrypt.out", "w+") as fout:
+                # actual encrypt-process
+                for line in fin:
+                    fout.write(self.encrypt_string(line, key))
 
         except OSError:
             return False
@@ -152,11 +151,10 @@ def decrypt_file(self, file: str, key: int) -> bool:
         assert isinstance(file, str) and isinstance(key, int)
 
         try:
-            with open(file) as fin:
-                with open("decrypt.out", "w+") as fout:
-                    # actual encrypt-process
-                    for line in fin:
-                        fout.write(self.decrypt_string(line, key))
+            with open(file) as fin, open("decrypt.out", "w+") as fout:
+                # actual encrypt-process
+                for line in fin:
+                    fout.write(self.decrypt_string(line, key))
 
         except OSError:
             return False

computer_vision/mosaic_augmentation.py

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ def update_image_and_anno(
                 new_anno.append([bbox[0], xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax])
 
     # Remove bounding box small than scale of filter
-    if 0 < filter_scale:
+    if filter_scale > 0:
         new_anno = [
             anno
             for anno in new_anno

data_structures/binary_tree/binary_search_tree.py

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def __insert(self, value) -> None:
         else:  # Tree is not empty
             parent_node = self.root  # from root
             if parent_node is None:
-                return None
+                return
             while True:  # While we don't get to a leaf
                 if value < parent_node.value:  # We go left
                     if parent_node.left is None:

data_structures/binary_tree/binary_tree_traversals.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def preorder(root: Node | None) -> list[int]:
     >>> preorder(make_tree())
     [1, 2, 4, 5, 3]
     """
-    return [root.data] + preorder(root.left) + preorder(root.right) if root else []
+    return [root.data, *preorder(root.left), *preorder(root.right)] if root else []
 
 
 def postorder(root: Node | None) -> list[int]:
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def inorder(root: Node | None) -> list[int]:
     >>> inorder(make_tree())
     [4, 2, 5, 1, 3]
     """
-    return inorder(root.left) + [root.data] + inorder(root.right) if root else []
+    return [*inorder(root.left), root.data, *inorder(root.right)] if root else []
 
 
 def height(root: Node | None) -> int:

data_structures/binary_tree/inorder_tree_traversal_2022.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ def inorder(node: None | BinaryTreeNode) -> list[int]:  # if node is None,return
     """
     if node:
         inorder_array = inorder(node.left_child)
-        inorder_array = inorder_array + [node.data]
+        inorder_array = [*inorder_array, node.data]
         inorder_array = inorder_array + inorder(node.right_child)
     else:
         inorder_array = []

data_structures/binary_tree/red_black_tree.py

@@ -319,9 +319,8 @@ def check_coloring(self) -> bool:
         """A helper function to recursively check Property 4 of a
         Red-Black Tree. See check_color_properties for more info.
         """
-        if self.color == 1:
-            if color(self.left) == 1 or color(self.right) == 1:
-                return False
+        if self.color == 1 and 1 in (color(self.left), color(self.right)):
+            return False
         if self.left and not self.left.check_coloring():
             return False
         if self.right and not self.right.check_coloring():

data_structures/hashing/number_theory/prime_numbers.py

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def next_prime(value, factor=1, **kwargs):
     first_value_val = value
 
     while not is_prime(value):
-        value += 1 if not ("desc" in kwargs.keys() and kwargs["desc"] is True) else -1
+        value += 1 if not ("desc" in kwargs and kwargs["desc"] is True) else -1
 
     if value == first_value_val:
         return next_prime(value + 1, **kwargs)

data_structures/heap/binomial_heap.py

@@ -136,12 +136,12 @@ def merge_heaps(self, other):
 
         # Empty heaps corner cases
         if other.size == 0:
-            return
+            return None
         if self.size == 0:
             self.size = other.size
             self.bottom_root = other.bottom_root
             self.min_node = other.min_node
-            return
+            return None
         # Update size
         self.size = self.size + other.size
 

data_structures/linked_list/doubly_linked_list_two.py

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ def insert_at_position(self, position: int, value: int) -> None:
         while node:
             if current_position == position:
                 self.insert_before_node(node, new_node)
-                return None
+                return
             current_position += 1
             node = node.next
         self.insert_after_node(self.tail, new_node)

data_structures/linked_list/singly_linked_list.py

@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ def __getitem__(self, index: int) -> Any:
         for i, node in enumerate(self):
             if i == index:
                 return node
+        return None
 
     # Used to change the data of a particular node
     def __setitem__(self, index: int, data: Any) -> None:

data_structures/linked_list/skip_list.py

@@ -388,10 +388,7 @@ def traverse_keys(node):
 
 def test_iter_always_yields_sorted_values():
     def is_sorted(lst):
-        for item, next_item in zip(lst, lst[1:]):
-            if next_item < item:
-                return False
-        return True
+        return all(next_item >= item for item, next_item in zip(lst, lst[1:]))
 
     skip_list = SkipList()
     for i in range(10):

data_structures/queue/circular_queue_linked_list.py

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ def dequeue(self) -> Any:
         """
         self.check_can_perform_operation()
         if self.rear is None or self.front is None:
-            return
+            return None
         if self.front == self.rear:
             data = self.front.data
             self.front.data = None

digital_image_processing/morphological_operations/dilation_operation.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def gray2binary(gray: np.array) -> np.array:
            [False,  True, False],
            [False,  True, False]])
     """
-    return (127 < gray) & (gray <= 255)
+    return (gray > 127) & (gray <= 255)
 
 
 def dilation(image: np.array, kernel: np.array) -> np.array:

digital_image_processing/morphological_operations/erosion_operation.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def gray2binary(gray: np.array) -> np.array:
            [False,  True, False],
            [False,  True, False]])
     """
-    return (127 < gray) & (gray <= 255)
+    return (gray > 127) & (gray <= 255)
 
 
 def erosion(image: np.array, kernel: np.array) -> np.array:

dynamic_programming/all_construct.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def all_construct(target: str, word_bank: list[str] | None = None) -> list[list[
                 # slice condition
                 if target[i : i + len(word)] == word:
                     new_combinations: list[list[str]] = [
-                        [word] + way for way in table[i]
+                        [word, *way] for way in table[i]
                     ]
                     # adds the word to every combination the current position holds
                     # now,push that combination to the table[i+len(word)]

dynamic_programming/fizz_buzz.py

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def fizz_buzz(number: int, iterations: int) -> str:
             out += "Fizz"
         if number % 5 == 0:
             out += "Buzz"
-        if not number % 3 == 0 and not number % 5 == 0:
+        if 0 not in (number % 3, number % 5):
             out += str(number)
 
         # print(out)

dynamic_programming/longest_common_subsequence.py

@@ -42,20 +42,14 @@ def longest_common_subsequence(x: str, y: str):
 
     for i in range(1, m + 1):
         for j in range(1, n + 1):
-            if x[i - 1] == y[j - 1]:
-                match = 1
-            else:
-                match = 0
+            match = 1 if x[i - 1] == y[j - 1] else 0
 
             l[i][j] = max(l[i - 1][j], l[i][j - 1], l[i - 1][j - 1] + match)
 
     seq = ""
     i, j = m, n
     while i > 0 and j > 0:
-        if x[i - 1] == y[j - 1]:
-            match = 1
-        else:
-            match = 0
+        match = 1 if x[i - 1] == y[j - 1] else 0
 
         if l[i][j] == l[i - 1][j - 1] + match:
             if match == 1:

dynamic_programming/longest_increasing_subsequence.py

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def longest_subsequence(array: list[int]) -> list[int]:  # This function is recu
             i += 1
 
     temp_array = [element for element in array[1:] if element >= pivot]
-    temp_array = [pivot] + longest_subsequence(temp_array)
+    temp_array = [pivot, *longest_subsequence(temp_array)]
     if len(temp_array) > len(longest_subseq):
         return temp_array
     else:

graphs/basic_graphs.py

@@ -139,10 +139,9 @@ def dijk(g, s):
                 u = i
         known.add(u)
         for v in g[u]:
-            if v[0] not in known:
-                if dist[u] + v[1] < dist.get(v[0], 100000):
-                    dist[v[0]] = dist[u] + v[1]
-                    path[v[0]] = u
+            if v[0] not in known and dist[u] + v[1] < dist.get(v[0], 100000):
+                dist[v[0]] = dist[u] + v[1]
+                path[v[0]] = u
     for i in dist:
         if i != s:
             print(dist[i])
@@ -243,10 +242,9 @@ def prim(g, s):
                 u = i
         known.add(u)
         for v in g[u]:
-            if v[0] not in known:
-                if v[1] < dist.get(v[0], 100000):
-                    dist[v[0]] = v[1]
-                    path[v[0]] = u
+            if v[0] not in known and v[1] < dist.get(v[0], 100000):
+                dist[v[0]] = v[1]
+                path[v[0]] = u
     return dist
 
 

graphs/check_cycle.py

@@ -15,11 +15,10 @@ def check_cycle(graph: dict) -> bool:
     visited: set[int] = set()
     # To detect a back edge, keep track of vertices currently in the recursion stack
     rec_stk: set[int] = set()
-    for node in graph:
-        if node not in visited:
-            if depth_first_search(graph, node, visited, rec_stk):
-                return True
-    return False
+    return any(
+        node not in visited and depth_first_search(graph, node, visited, rec_stk)
+        for node in graph
+    )
 
 
 def depth_first_search(graph: dict, vertex: int, visited: set, rec_stk: set) -> bool:

graphs/connected_components.py

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ def dfs(graph: dict, vert: int, visited: list) -> list:
         if not visited[neighbour]:
             connected_verts += dfs(graph, neighbour, visited)
 
-    return [vert] + connected_verts
+    return [vert, *connected_verts]
 
 
 def connected_components(graph: dict) -> list:

graphs/dijkstra_algorithm.py

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ def dijkstra(self, src):
         self.dist[src] = 0
         q = PriorityQueue()
         q.insert((0, src))  # (dist from src, node)
-        for u in self.adjList.keys():
+        for u in self.adjList:
             if u != src:
                 self.dist[u] = sys.maxsize  # Infinity
                 self.par[u] = -1

graphs/edmonds_karp_multiple_source_and_sink.py

@@ -163,9 +163,8 @@ def relabel(self, vertex_index):
                 self.graph[vertex_index][to_index]
                 - self.preflow[vertex_index][to_index]
                 > 0
-            ):
-                if min_height is None or self.heights[to_index] < min_height:
-                    min_height = self.heights[to_index]
+            ) and (min_height is None or self.heights[to_index] < min_height):
+                min_height = self.heights[to_index]
 
         if min_height is not None:
             self.heights[vertex_index] = min_height + 1

graphs/frequent_pattern_graph_miner.py

@@ -130,11 +130,11 @@ def create_edge(nodes, graph, cluster, c1):
     """
     create edge between the nodes
     """
-    for i in cluster[c1].keys():
+    for i in cluster[c1]:
         count = 0
         c2 = c1 + 1
         while c2 < max(cluster.keys()):
-            for j in cluster[c2].keys():
+            for j in cluster[c2]:
                 """
                 creates edge only if the condition satisfies
                 """
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ def find_freq_subgraph_given_support(s, cluster, graph):
     find edges of multiple frequent subgraphs
     """
     k = int(s / 100 * (len(cluster) - 1))
-    for i in cluster[k].keys():
+    for i in cluster[k]:
         my_dfs(graph, tuple(cluster[k][i]), (["Header"],))